Theinhko
Theinhko သိန်းခို | |
---|---|
King of Pagan | |
Reign | c. 934–956 |
Predecessor | Sale Ngahkwe |
Successor | Nyaung-u Sawrahan |
Born | c. 919 (Saturday born) Pagan |
Died | c. 956 Pagan |
House | Pagan |
Father | Sale Ngahkwe |
Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
Theinhko (Burmese: သိန်းခို; also Theinkho, pronounced [θéɪ̯ɰ̃kʰò]; c. 919 – 956) was king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from c. 934 to c. 956. According to the Burmese chronicles, Theinhko was a son of the previous king, Sale Ngahkwe. Theinhko was killed by a farmer, Nyaung-u Sawrahan, from whose farm he took a cucumber. The king had been on a hunting trip and separated from his retinue, exhausted and thirsty.[1] The farmer was accepted as king by the queen to prevent unrest in the kingdom and became known as the "Cucumber King", "farmer king" or "Taungthugyi Min".[2]
The story is likely a fairy tale. There are at least three other versions—an exact parallel in the Burmese fairy tale "Princess " and two variants in Cambodian history, one in the eighth and another in the 14th century. Kings of Cambodia claim descent from the gardener.[3]
Various chronicles do not agree on the dates regarding his life and reign.[4] The oldest chronicle Zatadawbon Yazawin is considered to be the most accurate for the Pagan period.[note 1] The table below lists the dates given by four main chronicles, as well as Hmannan's dates when anchored by the Anawrahta's inscriptionally verified accession date of 1044.
Chronicles | Birth–Death | Age | Reign | Length of reign |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zatadawbon Yazawin | 919–956 | 37 | 934–956 | 26 |
Maha Yazawin | 880–917 | 37 | 901–917 | 16 |
Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin | 891–931 | 40 | 915–931 | 16 |
Hmannan adjusted | 919–959 | 40 | 943–959 | 16 |
References[]
- ^ (Maha Yazawin 2006: 346–349): Among the four major chronicles, only Zatadawbon Yazawin's dates line up with Anawrahta's inscriptionally verified accession date of 1044 CE. (Aung-Thwin 2005: 121–123): In general, Zata is considered "the most accurate of all Burmese chronicles, particularly with regard to the best-known Pagan and Ava kings, many of whose dates have been corroborated by epigraphy."
Bibliography[]
- Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2005). The Mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824828868.
- Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
- Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
- Burmese monarchs
- Pagan dynasty
- 910s births
- 950s deaths
- 10th-century Burmese monarchs
- Southeast Asian history stubs
- Burmese royalty stubs