Tibareni
The Tibareni (Greek: Τιβαρηνοί[1] and Τιβαρανοί;[1] Tubal, Thobeles in Josephus) were a people residing on the coast of ancient Pontus referred to in Herodotus, Xenophon, Strabo and other classical authors. According to the ancient Greeks, the Tibareni were Scythians.[2]
History[]
Tibareni occupied the country between the Chalybes and the Mosynoeci, on the east of the river Isis, and the country was called Tibarenia (Ancient Greek: Τιβαρηνία).[1] They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,[3] and were believed to be of Scythian origin.[4][5][6][7] Strabo describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions Cotyura as their principal town.[8][9] They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.[4][7][10] Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.[11] Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.[12][13][14][15]
All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the Black Sea coast of Anatolia (ancient Pontus), as late as in Roman times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the XIX Satrapy.[citation needed]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, § T622.6
- ^ Lorenzo D'alfonso. "Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE." 2012. p. 185. https://www.academia.edu/2951102/Tabal_an_out_group_definition_in_the_first_Millennium_BCE
- ^ Herodotus. Histories. 3.94.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010
- ^ Xenophon. Anabasis. 5.5.2.
- ^ Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
- ^ Jump up to: a b Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. s.v. Τιβαρηνία.
- ^ Strabo. Geographica. xi. p.527. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
- ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. 6.4.
- ^ Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 12; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. 1.19.
- ^ Herodotus. Histories. 7.78.
- ^ Xenophon. Anabasis. 7.8.25.
- ^ Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica (Historical Library). 14.30.
- ^ Dionys. Per. 767; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. 1.2.
- ^ Strabo. Geographica. ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tibareni". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
See also[]
- History of Pontus
- Tribes in Greco-Roman historiography
- Ancient peoples of Anatolia
- Ancient Greece stubs