Timeline of Kaliningrad

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. Prior to 1945, the city was known as Königsberg.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by with reliable sources.
Emblem of Ducal Prussia

Era of Teutonic Order[]

Arms of Brandenburg.svg
Arms of East Prussia.svg

History of Brandenburg and Prussia
Northern March
965–983 		Old Prussians
pre-13th century
Lutician federation
983 – 12th century
Margraviate of Brandenburg
1157–1618 (1806) (HRE)
(Bohemia 1373–1415) 		Teutonic Order
1224–1525
(Polish fief 1466–1525)
Duchy of Prussia
1525–1618 (1701)
(Polish fief 1525–1657) 		Royal (Polish) Prussia (Poland)
1454/1466 – 1772
Brandenburg-Prussia
1618–1701
Kingdom in Prussia
1701–1772
Kingdom of Prussia
1772–1918
Free State of Prussia (Germany)
1918–1947 		Klaipėda Region
(Lithuania)
1920–1939 / 1945–present 		Recovered Territories
(Poland)
1918/1945–present
Brandenburg
(Germany)
1947–1952 / 1990–present 		Kaliningrad Oblast
(Russia)
1945–present
Part of a series on the
History of Russia
Russia in 1730

Prehistory  • Antiquity  • Early Slavs

Rus' people pre–9th century
Rus' Khaganate c. 830–899
Kievan Rus' 882–1240
Feudal Rus' (1097–1547)

Mongol conquest • Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Duchy of Moscow • Novgorod Republic

Tsardom of Russia 1547–1721
Russian Empire 1721–1917
Russian Revolution (1917–1923)

February Revolution • Provisional Government
Russian Republic • October Revolution • Civil War
(Red Army • White Guard • separatists • others)

Soviet Union 1922–1991
Russian Federation 1991–present

Timeline

860–1721 • 1721–1796 • 1796–1855
1855–1892 • 1892–1917 • 1917–1927
1927–1953 • 1953–1964 • 1964–1982
1982–1991 • 1991–present
Flag of Russia.svg Russia portal
  • v
  • t
  • 1255 – Fortress built by Teutonic Knights during Prussian Crusade.
  • 1256 – Settlement formed north of the fortress.
  • 1262 – Prussians begin to besiege castle during the Great Prussian Uprising.
  • 1264 – Settlement developed south of the castle.
  • 1286 – Königsberg chartered.[1]
  • 1300 – Town of Löbenicht built.[2]
  • 1324 – Town of Kneiphof founded.[2]
  • 1340 – Königsberg joins Hanseatic League.[1]
  • 1377 – Köttelbrücke (bridge) built.[3]
  • 1379 (or 1397) – Schmiedebrücke (bridge) built.[4]
  • 1380 – Cathedral built in Kneiphof (approximate date).
  • 1387 – Kneiphof Town Hall renovated.

15th century[]

  • 1457 – Königsberg becomes capital of the State of the Teutonic Order.[1]
  • 1464 – Georg Steinhaupt becomes mayor.[3]
  • 1466 - Second Treaty of Thorn

16th century[]

  • 1519-21 - Polish-Teutonic War
  • 1520 - Mikolaj Firlej lays siege to the town[citation needed]
  • 1521-24 - Secularization of the Teutonic Order
  • 1523 - Printing press in operation.[5]
  • 1525 - Königsberg/Królewiec becomes the capital of the Duchy of Prussia, Albert becomes first Duke of Prussia[1]
  • 1529 – Castle Library established
  • 1542 - Pedagogium founded by Albert Hohenzollern in Kneiphof
  • 1544 – Albertina University (Lutheran) founded.[2]
  • 1560 - On 28 March 1560, King Zygmunt II August of Poland confers university privileges on the Albertina University, on a par with the Jagiellonian University.[citation needed]
  • 1568 – March: Albert Frederick becomes Duke of Prussia.
  • 1590 – Green Bridge rebuilt.[citation needed]
  • 1594 – Schlosskirche (castle church) dedicated

17th century[]

  • 1616 - A Catholic church erected by order of King Zygmunt III Vasa and the bishop of Warmia
  • 1618 – Duchy of Prussia passes under control of Electors of Brandenburg, August: John Sigismund becomes Duke of Prussia
  • 1619 – December: George William becomes Duke of Prussia
  • 1626 – City walls built.[6]
  • 1640 – December: Frederick William becomes Duke of Prussia
  • 1647 – Neurossgarten Church dedicated
  • 1657 -
    • Brandenburg Gate built.
    • Fort Friedrichsburg under construction[2]
  • 1662 - the Brandenburg Elector enters city with an army and forces city fathers to swear an oath of allegiance[7]
  • 1688 – April: Frederick becomes Duke of Prussia.

18th century[]

  • 1701
    • 18 January: Coronation of Frederick I of Prussia in the Schlosskirche.[6]
    • Capital of Duchy of Prussia relocated from Königsberg to Berlin.
  • 1709 – Plague.[6]
  • 1718
    • City Library opens.[8]
    • Królewiec Post Polish-language newspaper begins publication (ceased in 1720).
  • 1724
  • 1735 – Math problem "Seven Bridges of Königsberg" presented.
  • 1756 – Synagogue built.
  • 1758
    • 16 January: Russian forces enter city.[6]
    • 24 January: City becomes part of Russia.
  • 1764 – Russian occupation ends.[9]
  • 1765 – Gumbinnen Gate built.
  • 1780 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel becomes mayor.
  • 1790 – Königshalle built.

19th century[]

  • 1804 – 12 February: Immanuel Kant dies.
  • 1807 – French in power.[6]
  • 1809 – Paradeplatz city garden established.
  • 1810 – August Wilhelm Heidemann becomes mayor.
  • 1812 – School of church music founded.[citation needed]
  • 1813 – Koenigsberg Observatory built.
  • 1814 – Carl Friedrich Horn becomes mayor.
  • 1826 – Johann Friedrich List becomes mayor.
  • 1828 – Royal and University Library formed.[8]
  • 1830 – Population: 54,000.[2]
  • 1833 – University's Department of Chemistry opens in Neurossgarten.[citation needed]
  • 1838 – Rudolf von Auerswald becomes mayor.
  • 1845
  • 1851 – Grolman Bastion built.
  • 1855
    • Sailing Club founded.
    • Rossgarten Gate rebuilt.
  • 1856 – Königsberg Cathedral restored.[1]
  • 1858 – Dohna Tower built.
  • 1860 – Astronomic Bastion built.
  • 1861
    • 18 October: Coronation of William I, German Emperor, in the Schlosskirche.
    • Albertina University new campus dedicated.
  • 1867 – Population: 101,507.[11]
  • 1875
  • 1878 – Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) in publication.[13]
  • 1880
  • 1883 – High Bridge rebuilt.[citation needed]
  • 1886 – Siemering Museum established.[14]
  • 1889 – Eisenbahnbrücke (bridge) opens.[citation needed]
  • 1890 – Population: 161,666.[1]
  • 1892 – Baltika Stadium opens.
  • 1893 – Hermann Theodor Hoffmann becomes mayor.
  • 1896 – Zoo founded.
  • 1897 – Königsberger Tageblatt (newspaper) in publication.
  • 1898 – Palaestra Albertina established.[15]
  • 1900

20th century[]

1900-1945[]

  • 1901
    • Queen Louise Memorial Church and Pillau-Königsberg canal built.[16][17]
    •  [de] (newspaper) in publication.[18]
  • 1903 – Siegfried Körte becomes mayor.
  • 1906 – Bismarck tower built near city.
  • 1907 – Church of the Holy Family built.
  • 1912 – Stadthalle opens.
  • 1913
  • 1914 – City bombed by Russian forces.[19]
  • 1919
    • Hans Lohmeyer becomes mayor.
    • City becomes part of the German Reich.
    • Population: 260,895.[20]
  • 1921 – Königsberg Devau Airport opens.
  • 1927 – City Hall relocated to Hansaplatz.
  • 1928 – Königsberg City Museum opens.
  • 1929 – Central railway terminal opens.
  • 1933 – Hellmuth Will becomes mayor.
  • 1934 – Hansaplatz renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz.
  • 1939
  • 1941 – 1 September: Aerial bombing by Soviet forces begins.
  • 1942 – 24 June: The Nazi SS sends the first deportation of Jews from Königsberg and East Prussia to extermination camps.[21]
  • 1944 – August: Aerial bombing by British forces; city extensively damaged.
  • 1945

1946-1990s[]

  • 1946
    • April: City becomes part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, per Potsdam Agreement.[22]
    • City renamed Kaliningrad after Bolshevik Mikhail Kalinin.
    • City becomes seat of the newly formed Kaliningrad Oblast.
    • Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Arts founded.
    • Kaliningradskaya Pravda newspaper begins publication.[13]
  • 1947 – Kaliningrad Regional Drama Theatre established.
  • 1954 – Pishchevik Kaliningrad football club formed.
  • 1956 – Population: 188,000.
  • 1960 – Theatre on Mira Avenue rebuilt.
  • 1965 - Population: 253,000.[23]
  • 1967 – Kaliningrad State University active.
  • 1979
    • Khrabrovo Airport terminal built.
    • Kaliningrad Amber Museum opens.
  • 1985 - Population: 385,000.[24]
  • 1988 – Kaliningrad State Art Gallery established.[25]
  • 1989 – Population: 401,280; oblast 871,283.
  • 1990
    • Chamber of Commerce founded.[26][27]
    • City opens to foreign tourists.[28]
  • 1994 – Kaliningrad State Technical University active.
  • 1996 – Leonid Gorbenko becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.[29]
  • 1998 – The Voice from the Pregel Polish-language magazine in publication.

21st century[]

  • 2001 – Vladimir Yegorov becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
  • 2005
    • July: 750th anniversary of city founding.[30]
    • Kaiser Bridge reconstructed (approximate date).[citation needed]
    • Georgy Boos becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
  • 2007
    • Alexander Jaroschuk becomes mayor.[31]
    • Khrabrovo Airport new terminal opens.[32]
  • 2008 – Cathedral of Christ the Saviour consecrated.
  • 2010
    • 30 January: Protest against governor Georgy Boos.[33]
    • Population: 431,500;[34] oblast 941,873.
    • Nikolay Tsukanov becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
  • 2012 – Poland-Russia border near Kaliningrad Oblast opens.[35]

See also[]

  • History of Kaliningrad
  • Königsberg
  • List of monarchs of Prussia, 1525-1701
  • Timelines of other cities in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia: Pskov, St. Petersburg

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Königsberg", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Königsberg". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Richard Armstedt (1899). Geschichte der königl. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Königsberg in Preussen [History of the Royal Capital and Residence City of Königsberg in Prussia] (in German). Stuttgart: Hobbing & Büchle.
  4. ^ "Sites and projects". sg39.ru. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  5. ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e George Henry Townsend (1867), "Königsberg (Prussia)", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
  7. ^ Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie, no 3–4, 1992, p. 254–255
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Julius Petzholdt (1853), Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Konigsberg", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
  10. ^ Richard Armstedt (1895). Heimatkunde von Königsberg (in German). Königsberg: Koch.
  11. ^ J. Niederstetter, ed. (1867). Staats-Almanach für das Königreich Preußen (in German). Berlin: Heymann.
  12. ^ Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Königsberg", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b "Kaliningrad Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  14. ^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
  15. ^ "Königsberg", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
  16. ^ Eugene van Cleef (1945). "East Baltic Ports and Boundaries: With Special Reference to Königsberg". Geographical Review. 35 (2): 257–272. doi:10.2307/211478. JSTOR 211478.
  17. ^ United States Hydrographic Office (1917). Baltic Pilot. 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
  18. ^ "Zeitungsinformationssystem ZEFYS" [Newspaper Information System] (in German). Berlin State Library. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 529, OL 5812502M
  20. ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
  21. ^ "Memorial Plaque to the Victims of the First Deportation from Königsberg". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  22. ^ Russell H. Fifield (1948). "International Affairs: The Postwar World Map: New States and Boundary Changes". American Political Science Review. 42 (3): 533–541. doi:10.2307/1949917. JSTOR 1949917.
  23. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
  24. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
  25. ^ "Russianmuseums.info". Russian Cultural Heritage Network. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  26. ^ Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
  27. ^ История Палаты [History of the Chamber] (in Russian). Калининградская торгово-промышленная палата (Kaliningrad Chamber of Commerce). Archived from the original on 12 April 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  28. ^ G.J. Ashworth; J.E. Tunbridge (1999). "Old cities, new pasts: Heritage planning in selected cities of Central Europe". GeoJournal. 49 (1): 105–116. doi:10.1023/A:1007010205856. JSTOR 41147404.
  29. ^ Patrick E. Tyler (5 April 2000). "In a Russian Region Apart, Corruption Is King". New York Times. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  30. ^ "Kaliningrad marks key anniversary". BBC News. 3 July 2005. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  31. ^ "Mayors in Europe". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  32. ^ "Kaliningrad profile". BBC News. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  33. ^ "Restlessness in Russia's Western Outpost". New York Times. 25 March 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  34. ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
  35. ^ "Crack in the EU: Poland and Kaliningrad Open Borders for Locals". Spiegel Online. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Russian Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

in English[]

Published in the 18th-19th century
Published in the 20th century
  • "Kaliningrad", Scandinavian & Baltic Europe (4th ed.), Lonely Planet, 1999, p. 300+, OL 8314793M
  • James Charles Roy (1999). The Vanished Kingdom: Travels Through the History of Prussia. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-8133-3793-7.
  • Olga Sezneva (2000). "Historical Representation and the Politics of Memory in Kaliningrad, Former Königsberg". Polish Sociological Review (131): 323–338. JSTOR 41274763.
Published in the 21st century
  • Peter Savodnik (2003). "Kaliningrad". Wilson Quarterly. 27 (2): 16–22. JSTOR 40261179.
  • Ann Kennard (2010). "Case Study 1: Kaliningrad". Old Cultures, New Institutions: Around the New Eastern Border of the European Union. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 133–161. ISBN 978-3-643-10751-0.

in other languages[]

External links[]

Coordinates: 54°43′00″N 20°31′00″E / 54.716667°N 20.516667°E / 54.716667; 20.516667

Retrieved from ""