Tiourarén Formation

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Tiourarén Formation
Stratigraphic range: Bathonian-Oxfordian
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofIrhazer Group
Underlies ()
OverliesIrhazer Shale
Thickness~350 m (1,150 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySiltstone, mudstone
OtherSandstone, marl, limestone
Location
Coordinates16°30′N 7°48′E / 16.5°N 7.8°E / 16.5; 7.8Coordinates: 16°30′N 7°48′E / 16.5°N 7.8°E / 16.5; 7.8
Approximate paleocoordinates8°12′N 2°30′E / 8.2°N 2.5°E / 8.2; 2.5
RegionAgadez
Country Niger
ExtentIullemmeden Basin
Type section
Named forTiourarén hill, Agadez
Tiourarén Formation is located in Niger
Tiourarén Formation
Tiourarén Formation (Niger)

The Tiourarén Formation is a geological formation in the Agadez Region of Niger whose strata were originally thought to be Early Cretaceous. However, re-interpretation of the sediments showed that they are probably Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) in age.[1][2] It is the uppermost unit of the Irhazer Group. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[3]

Description[]

The formation comprises reddish, almost solid mudstones, which also shows grey and white streaks, probably caused by alternating oxidative and reducing environments. The depositional environment has been interpreted as swampy with seasonal flooding in braided river systems.[2]

Fossil content[]

Dinosaurs
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Afrovenator[3] A. abakensis[3] Partial skull and associated postcranial remains.[4]
Afrovenator reconstruction.png
Jobaria[3] J. tiguidensis[3] "Skull [and] several skeletons."[5]
Jobaria tiguidensis steveoc.jpg
Spinophorosaurus[6] S. nigerensis[6] "Multiple specimens; holotype consists of both cranial and postcranial remains".[6] Spinophorosaurus in Braunschweig.jpg
Spinosauridae? indet.[7] Unnamed "Tooth"[7] Associated with the holotype of Spinophorosaurus. Spinosaurid tooth associated with Spinophorosaurus.png
Spinostropheus[3] S. gautieri[3] "Partial post-cranial skeletons".
Spinostropheus NT.png
Basal Thyreophoran[8] Unnamed "associated, but disarticulated, bones, teeth, and abundant scutes from many individuals ranging in maturity from subadult to adult"

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Rauhut and Lopez-Arbarello (2009). "Considerations on the age of the Tiouaren Formation (Iullemmeden Basin, Niger, Africa): Implications for Gondwanan Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate faunas." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 271: 259-267.
  2. ^ a b Tuiguidit foreland at Fossilworks.org
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Africa)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 571-573. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  4. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 72.
  5. ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 265.
  6. ^ a b c Remes, K.; Ortega, F.; Fierro, I.; Ferrer, J.M.M.; Joger, U.; Kosma, R.; Ide, Oumarou Amadou; Maga, Abdoulaye; Ide, O. A.; Maga, A (2009). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "A new basal sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the early evolution of sauropoda". PLOS ONE. 4 (9): e6924. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6924R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006924. PMC 2737122. PMID 19756139.
  7. ^ a b Serrano-Martínez, Alejandro; Vidal, Daniel; Sciscio, Lara; Ortega, Francisco; Knoll, Fabien (2015). "Isolated theropod teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the early dental evolution of Spinosauridae". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.00101.2014.
  8. ^ Ridgwell, Nicole; Sereno, Paul (2010). "A basal Thyreophoran (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Tiouraren Formation of Niger". 70th anniversary meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology: 150A–151A.

Further reading[]

  • A. F. d. Lapparent. 1960. Les Dinosauriens du "Continental intercalaire" du Saharal central [The dinosaurs of the "Continental Intercalaire" of the central Sahara]. Mémoires de la Société géologique de France, nouvelle série 39(88A):1-57
  • P. C. Sereno, A. L. Beck, D. B. Dutheil, H. C. E. Larsson, G. H. Lyon, B. Moussa, R. W. Sadleir, C. A. Sidor, D. J. Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, and J. A. Wilson. 1999. Cretaceous sauropods from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs. Science 286:1342-1347
  • P. C. Sereno, J. A. Wilson, H. C. E. Larsson, D. B. Dutheil, and H.-D. Sues. 1994. Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Sahara. Science 266(5183):267-271
  • F. Witzmann, O. Hampe, B. M. Rothschild, U. Joger, R. Kosma, D. Schwarz, and P. Asbach. 2016. Subchondral cysts at synovial vertebral joints as analogies of Schmorl's Nodes in a sauropod dinosaur from Niger. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(2):e1080719:1-11
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