Tityus obscurus

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Tityus obscurus
Tityus obscurus (10.3897-zookeys.764.25108) Figure 12.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Scorpiones
Family: Buthidae
Genus: Tityus
Species:
T. obscurus
Binomial name
Tityus obscurus
Gervais 1843

Tityus obscurus, known as the Amazonian black scorpion, is a species of scorpion found in northern South America.

Description and behavior[]

It is one of the largest Tityus species, growing up to 65–100 mm.[1] More characterized by its black color, flattened body and legs and claws that are relatively thin, something specific to this species. It is terrestrial and nocturnal, during the day it hides under stones, logs or loose bark, venturing out at night to hunt its prey, chiefly insects and arthropods.[2] Juveniles have a brown body and appendix, stained with dark.[3]

Range and habitat[]

They are found in the tropical and sub-tropical forests of northern South America (Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname), mainly in the amazon rainforest.[4]

Venom[]

They have excitatory neurotoxins and cardiotoxins, symptoms already reported in humans include severe local pain, edema, profuse sweating, nausea, vomiting, spreading numbness, muscle twitch, convulsions, semicoma, somnolence, hallucinations, tachypnea, tachycardia, excessive drooling and prostration.[5][6] In Guyana, a 16-year-old boy died 16 hours after being stung by this species.[7] In Guyana, in a 12-month period 3 people died, two children and a 30-year-old man, both had local pain, and soon developed to vomiting and persistent leukocytosis, both died after developing cardiopulmonary failure and dysrhythmias.[8] The median lethal dose for this species is 3.13 mg / kg (i.p.).[9]

Presumably, Tityus obscurus has been responsible for acute cerebellar dysfunction, with neuromuscular manifestations in 58 patients in Santarém, Pará, Brazil, where symptoms were reported lasting up to two days, such as cerebellar ataxia, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, dysarthria, dyslalia, nausea and vomiting; some patients presented myoclonus and fasciculations, two had intense rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury.[10]

References[]

  1. ^ "Projeto: Estudo Genético de Tityus obscurus :: LEMAP UFPA". lemap-ufpa.webnode.com. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  2. ^ https://www.acq.osd.mil/eie/afpmb/docs/lhd/venomous_animals_byspecies.pdf
  3. ^ http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/manual_controle_escorpioes.pdf
  4. ^ "WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources". www.toxinology.com. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  5. ^ "WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources". www.toxinology.com. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  6. ^ https://www.acq.osd.mil/eie/afpmb/docs/lhd/venomous_animals_byspecies.pdf
  7. ^ "Tityus stigmurus". Arachnoboards. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
  8. ^ Iserson, Kenneth V.; Jagit Ramcharran, Sri Devi (2019-10-01). "Black Scorpion (Tityus obscurus) Fatalities in Guyana and a Literature Review". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 57 (4): 554–559. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.07.018. ISSN 0736-4679. PMID 31564443. S2CID 203607320.
  9. ^ De Paula Santos-Da-Silva, A.; Candido, D. M.; Nencioni ALA; Kimura, L. F.; Prezotto-Neto, J. P.; Barbaro, K. C.; Chalkidis, H. M.; Dorce VAC (2017). "Some pharmacological effects of Tityus obscurus venom in rats and mice". Toxicon. 126: 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.12.008. PMID 28012802. S2CID 205438953.
  10. ^ Torrez, Pasesa P. Q.; Quiroga, Mariana M. M.; Abati, Paulo A. M.; Mascheretti, Melissa; Costa, Walter Silva; Campos, Luciana P.; Franca, Francisco O. S. (2015). "Acute cerebellar dysfunction with neuromuscular manifestations after scorpionism presumably caused by Tityus obscurus in Santarem, Para/Brazil". doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.12.012. ISSN 0041-0101. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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