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Toda–Smith complexes provide examples of periodic self maps. These self maps were originally exploited in order to construct infinite families of elements in the homotopy groups of spheres. Their existence pointed the way towards the nilpotence and periodicity theorems.[1]
The story begins with the degree map on (as a circle in the complex plane):
The degree map is well defined for in general, where .
If we apply the infinite suspension functor to this map, and we take the cofiber of the resulting map:
We find that has the remarkable property of coming from a Moore space (i.e., a designer (co)homology space: , and is trivial for all ).
It is also of note that the periodic maps, , , and , come from degree maps between the Toda–Smith complexes, , , and respectively.
Formal definition[]
The th Toda–Smith complex, where , is a finite spectrum which satisfies the property that its BP-homology, , is isomorphic to .
That is, Toda–Smith complexes are completely characterized by their -local properties, and are defined as any object satisfying one of the following equations: