Toi Derricotte

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Toi Derricotte (pronounced DARE-ah-cot ) (born April 12, 1941) is an American poet and a professor of writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She won a 2012 PEN/Voelcker Award for Poetry. With Cornelius Eady, she co-founded Cave Canem Foundation, a summer workshop for African-American poets. She is the 2020 recipient of the Frost Medal for distinguished lifetime achievement in poetry awarded by the Poetry Society of America.^[1]

Biography[]

Derricotte was born in Hamtramck, Michigan, the daughter of Antonia Baquet, a Creole from Louisiana, and Benjamin Sweeney Webster, a Kentucky native, and later half-sister to Benjamin, Jr. At around 10 or 11 years of age, she began a secret journal that included, among other things, the disintegration of her parents' marriage and the death of her grandmother on whom she was very emotionally dependent. During her years at Detroit's Girls Catholic Central High School, Derricotte recounts a religious education that she felt was steeped in images of death and punishment, a Catholicism that, according to the poet, morbidly paraded "the crucifixion, saints, martyrs in the Old Testament and the prayers of the Mass." Coupled with these images were Derricotte's surreal reminiscences of childhood visits to her paternal grandparents' home, the bottom part of which served as a funeral parlor where bodies were prepared for viewing. Often she would stay overnight at her grandparents', where, unafraid, she would "pray over the bodies … especially … disturbed when young people died, children, babies."

Her first attempt at sharing her poems with others came when, at fifteen, she visited a cousin, a medical school student who was then taking an embryology class. Encouraged by a trip they took to the Chicago Museum to see fetuses and embryos at various stages of development, Derricotte, who was careful not to show her poems to her parents who never "even alluded to babies before birth ... [or] talked to [her] about sex," anxiously showed them to this cousin who pronounced them "sick, morbid." Faced with this unexpected rebuff, Derricotte remembers being faced with several choices: "I could have said something is wrong with me and stopped writing, or I could have continued to write, but written about the things I knew would be acceptable, or I could go back underground." For Derricotte, the choice was obvious: rather than risk ostracism for openly writing about the forbidden, she opted "to go back underground."

In 1959, Derricotte graduated from Girls Catholic Central and enrolled that autumn in Wayne State University as a special education major. In 1962, her junior year at Wayne State, she gave birth to a son in a home for unwed mothers. This act of rebellion was but a presage of things to come, as Derricotte, after graduating in 1965, left Detroit for the East Coast. At Wayne State University she earned a B.A. in 1965 and an M.A. in 1984 at New York University in English literature.^[2]

Her move to New York City in 1967 was a momentous one, for it was here among white, mostly female intellectuals that Derricotte's poetic voice resurfaced. Unlike the African-American poets of the Black Arts Movement, many of whom heeded Amiri Baraka's call for an artistic expression that was decidedly black nationalist, proletarian, and accessible, Derricotte wrote, instead, deeply personal, troubling, often difficult poems that talked more of black families haunted by gender oppression and familial strife than of Black Power and racial solidarity.

Poetry[]

Having "paid her dues" as a student in numerous workshops where she endured the canon's litany of dead and near-dead white male poets such as Matthew Arnold, Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, and Robert Lowell, often as the only black student, Derricotte first published in a "major" magazine, the New York Quarterly, in the fall of 1972. Her literary reputation and publications flourished, culminating in her first book, The Empress of the Death House, published in 1978 by Naomi Long Madgett's Lotus Press. Derricotte's second book, Natural Birth, was published in 1983 by The Crossing Press. Her third book, Captivity, first published in 1989 by University of Pittsburgh Press, has enjoyed second (1991) and third (1993) printings. In 1996, Norton Publishing Company accepted for publication Derricotte's The Black Notebooks, a book she began in 1974 when her family became one of the first black families to move into Upper Montclair, New Jersey.

Her work appears in Triquarterly,^[3] and The Drunken Boat.^[4]

In 2012, Derricotte was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets.^[5]

She is currently a professor of English at the University of Pittsburgh.

In October 2019, Derricotte's "I": New and Selected Poems was named a finalist for the National Book Award for Poetry.^[6]

Bibliography[]

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Poetry[]

Collections

• Derricotte, Toi (1978). The Empress of the Death House. Detroit: Lotus Press.
• Natural Birth, Ann Arbor: Firebrand Books, 1983, ISBN 9781563411205
• Captivity, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989, ISBN 9780822936282
• Tender. University of Pittsburgh Press. 15 September 1997. ISBN 978-0-8229-7852-7.
• The Undertaker's Daughter. University of Pittsburgh Press. 24 October 2011. ISBN 978-0-8229-7816-9.
• "I": New and Selected Poems, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019, ISBN 978-0822945666

Non-fiction[]

• Toi Derricotte; Cornelius Eady; Camille T. Dungy, eds. (1 January 2006). Gathering Ground: A Reader Celebrating Cave Canem's First Decade. University of Michigan Press. pp. 2–. ISBN 0-472-06924-1.
• The Black Notebooks: An Interior Journey. W.W. Norton. 1999. ISBN 978-0-393-31901-9.

Critical studies and reviews of Derricotte's work[]

• The Image and Identity of the Black Woman in the Poetry and Prose of Toi Derricotte by Dufer, Miriam D., MA.^[7]

References[]

Sources[]

• Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2007. PEN (Permanent Entry Number): 0000024953.
• UMI ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 2005. PEN (Permanent Entry Number): 1431184

External links[]

• Cave Canem Website
• Toi Derricotte's profile page from the Academy of American Poets
• Interview with Toi Derricotte by John Eastman from the Black and White Program
• Derricotte's homepage from University of Pittsburgh
• Toi Derricotte Papers. James Weldon Johnson Collection in the Yale Collection of American Literature. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.