Tokyo Babylon

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Tokyo Babylon
Tbabylon volume1 cover.jpg
Volume 1 cover of Tokyo Babylon
東京BABYLON
Genre
Manga
Written byClamp
Published byShinshokan
English publisher
Dark Horse Comics
Magazine
  • South
  • Wings
DemographicShōjo
Original run1990 – 1993
Volumes7
Original video animation
Directed byKoichi Chigira
Written byTatsuhiko Urahata
Music byToshiyuki Honda
StudioMadhouse
Licensed by
AUS / UK
NA
Manga Entertainment (expired)
U.S. Manga Corp (expired)
Released October 21, 1992 – March 21, 1994
Episodes2
Live-action film
Tokyo Babylon/1999 - The Movie
Directed byGeorge Iida
Music byKuniaki Haishima
StudioPDS
ReleasedAugust 21, 1993
Runtime100 minutes
Anime television series
Wikipe-tan face.svg Anime and manga portal

Tokyo Babylon (Japanese: 東京BABYLON), also known as Tokyo Babylon: A Save Tokyo City Story, is a Japanese manga series created by Clamp, with story by Nanase Ohkawa and art by Mokona. The series follows Subaru Sumeragi, the head of the Sumeragi clan, and his sister Hokuto as they work to protect Tokyo from a myriad of supernatural perils while living with a man named Seishirō Sakurazuka. It was serialized by Shinshokan in South and Wings shōjo manga magazines from 1990 to 1993 and collected in seven tankōbon volumes. The English-language version of the manga was first distributed by Tokyopop and is now in possession of Dark Horse Comics.

The series is based on a dōjinshi Clamp wrote but decided to add dark social themes in the serialization as a result of the chapters' length. Clamp expressed difficulties in writing the manga due to serializing it alongside their first work, RG Veda. Between 1992 and 1994 Tokyo Babylon was adapted into a two-part original video animation series by the studio Madhouse focused on original storylines. PDS also produced a live-action feature film sequel, Tokyo Babylon 1999, which was released on August 21, 1993 set after the events of the manga. A full anime television series adaptation has been announced.

The series has been well received for its focus on occultism and social themes. It is also famous in the Western region for providing one of the first homosexual relationships as explored through Subaru and Seishiro. The heavy focus on Subaru's character development stood out within writers alongside the art produced by Clamp. However, it was also criticized for its earlier comical style and expositions. The manga is also notorious for its open and tragic ending which is followed in Clamp's next work, X.

Plot[]

The plot begins with a monster of the week approach. Sixteen-year-old Subaru Sumeragi, is a very powerful magician, the thirteenth head of the foremost family of onmyōji in Japan, which has served the Emperor for centuries. As a result, he is called upon to solve various occult mysteries, or stumbles himself on people whom his kind nature compels him to help. He lives in Tokyo with his twin sister Hokuto, an exuberant girl whose chief occupations are to design eccentric clothing for herself and her brother, and to egg on their mutual friend Seishiro Sakurazuka, a kindly, 25-year-old veterinarian, when he declares his love for Subaru.

There are early hints that Seishiro's true nature. Hokuto jokes about him being a member of the family of Sakurazukamori, a clan of assassins who use onmyōjitsu to kill, and are pronounced to be the Sumeragis' opposite. Subaru also met Seishiro as a kid who was impressed with the child's purity. Rather than killing him, Seishiro made a bet with him instead: He would meet Subaru again, and would then spend one year with him, protecting him and trying to love him. If, at the end of that year, he felt something for Subaru which distinguished him from a thing he could easily destroy, as he could not with any other person, then he would not kill him. To recognize him, he marked him with inverted pentagrams on both hands, the sign of the Sakurazukamori's prey.

When Seishiro loses an eye protecting Subaru who realizes that he is in love with Seishiro. As the year is over, Seishiro declares himself the winner of the bet. He breaks Subaru's arm and tortures him, but does not succeed in killing him, as Subaru's grandmother breaks his spell - an action which leaves her crippled. Subaru's shock leave him catatonic. Hokuto, feeling guilty for her promotion of Seishiro, whom she knew to be dangerous, but also believed to be the only one who might touch Subaru's heart, asks Seishiro to be killed by him. Subaru, seeing her in a dream, is shocked out of his catatonia by her action. He vows to find Seishirō and take revenge for his sister's death. The manga ends with an adult and distant Subaru still in search for Seishirō.

Characters[]

Seishiro Sakurazuka, Hokuto Sumeragi, and Subaru Sumeragi
Subaru Sumeragi (皇昴流, Sumeragi Subaru)
Voiced by: Kappei Yamaguchi (OVA), Shouta Aoi (TV series)[3] (Japanese); Ben Fairman (English)
The 13th Head of the Sumeragi clan, a family of onmyōji. He tends to be rather shy, but is extremely kindhearted. He constantly wears gloves over his hands for reasons known only to his grandmother. A shadowy childhood moment may provide the answer.[4]
Hokuto Sumeragi (皇北都, Sumeragi Hokuto)
Voiced by: Miki Itō (OVA), Nana Mizuki (TV series)[3] (Japanese); Jenny Baker (English)
Subaru's eccentric twin sister. She is quick-witted, bold and impulsive, the polar opposite of Subaru. While she lacks most of Subaru's strong spiritualistic abilities, she is still able to cast spells unique to her. She always means well and acts in Subaru's best interests. Hokuto is the designer of the outrageous outfits she and Subaru often don.[4]
Seishiro Sakurazuka (桜塚星史郎, Sakurazuka Seishirō)
Voiced by: Takehito Koyasu (OVA). Yūichirō Umehara (TV series)[3] (Japanese); Dean Fenton (English)
A veterinarian who claims to be romantically interested in Subaru. He is secretly the Sakurazukamori, a murderous onmyōji who first met the teenager seven years ago.[4]

Production[]

Clamp's experiences in the prefecture of Tokyo influenced the manga's themes

Tokyo Babylon was based on a one-shot that Clamp headwriter Nanase Ohkawa wrote for a magazine that featured dōjinshi. After Clamp got to illustrate the cover of the same magazine with Subaru and Hokuto, the magazine Wings proposed Clamp making it into a series from their special edition South. Initially, the series was going to be named "Tokyo" but Clamp wanted to give it a more modern tone. Inspired by the pastry Roppongi Alrrond, the series was titled Tokyo Babylon in reference to how the city of Babylon resembled Tokyo according to Clamp. The one-shot's characters had several changes when starting the series most notably Seishirō.[5] Subaru and his twin sister Hokuto, as well as Seishirō, were first conceived by series creator Ohkawa for a dōjinshi novel about an onmyōji who hunts elves, of which only the beginning exists. The characters were twice drawn for covers, and when South asked Clamp to create a new series for them, these characters were used. Originally, the twins were conceived more as mascots with Subaru being a penguin. Both Subaru and Hokuto were modified from the original art in contrast to Seishiro who was completely redesigned. His name was taken from the car Subaru Leone. Ohkawa remembers having troubles when writing Subaru as she was not used to writing kind hearted characters. Similar to Kero from Cardcaptor Sakura, the staff thought about drawing a pet with Subaru and Hokuto originally being considered as one. Since Subaru and Hokuto were the protagonists, whenever the magazines required an image for Tokyo Babylon, both Subaru and Hokuto were used together.[6]

Back when Tokyo Babylon started serialization, Clamp was also writing RG Veda on the monthly magazine Wings. While the authors found this complicated, the series' quarterly publication of sixty pages resulted in the authors making several changes; The length of each chapter made the authors write a darker story in contrast to the original plans for a soft one. Based on their own experience in Tokyo, Clamp incorporated dark social themes making the series realistic despite its focus on occultism. This was also done to give each chapter their own theme. Ohkawa believes their young age when writing the manga also influenced most of the series' negative messages. Although when the series started the ending was already planned, it was not until the Tokyo Tower chapter that Clamp set the general atmosphere with the pilot being perceived as a comedy. The next chapter involving Subaru's past meeting with a man later revealed as Seishirō then set the events from the series' future. Ever since his introduction, Seishiro was written with the idea of having a different agenda in contrast to his actions and dialogues with the other leads. In regards to the cast, Seishiro was the easiest to write while Subaru instead was the most challenging based on his own good nature. In retrospective, Ohkawa believes that while RG Veda was their first series, Tokyo Babylon was their most original first work as they did not use other people's materials for this manga. Though a 1990s manga, the narrative was influenced by the 1980s.[5]

In the making of the art, colored weft and light colors were used for the main illustrations. This proved to be difficult to the authors. Ohkawa believes the art in general was influenced by the years in which the manga was published. This is reflected in how Clamp's artwork changed, the clothing and most notably Hokuto's dresses.[5] In retrospective, Clamp found this work was completely different from RG Veda as it was completely written by them and was also influenced by their way of living.[5]

The series focuses on several social themes such as faith, organ donation and the treatment of middle-aged men. However, the main philosophy seen across the story is the individualism, the stance which emphasizes the moral worth of an individual. Subaru and Hokuto believe that nobody can fully understand another person's suffering. Despite his belief in this philosophy, Subaru is a resigned individual who worries more about others than himself.[7] This is because Subaru believes he can hurt others with the idea that he will never understand other people. The same problem comes from the fact Subaru and Hokuto are twins and as a result try to live in order to see each other as different people.[8] Across the plot, Subaru develops as an individual as his actions are deemed as arrogant by Seishiro for taking the guilt.[8] Additionally, he starts taking actions that he believes are immoral despite his reasons for them such as lying to a mother about her daughter's wish to stop her from taking revenge.[7]

Media[]

Manga[]

The Tokyo Babylon manga was published by Shinshokan in South and Wings magazines from 1990 to 1993 on a quarterly basis.[9] Its chapters were collected in a total of seven tankōbon volumes. The series has also been re-released in two different formats; five volumes in bunkoban format by Shinshokan and three volumes in aizōban format by Kadokawa Shoten.[10] Tokyopop announced they licensed the series for a North American release in September 2003.[11] They published the series in North America between May 11, 2004 and May 10, 2005. The manga was rereleased in omnibus format by Dark Horse Comics in 2011.[12]

No. Original release date Original ISBN North American release date North American ISBN
1 April 10, 1991[13]4-403-61250-4May 11, 2004[14]978-1-59182-871-6
  • Vol 0: "T·Y·O"
  • Vol 1: "Babel"
  • Vol 1.5: "Destiny"
2 November 10, 1991[13]4-403-61268-7July 6, 2004[14]978-1-59182-872-3
  • Vol 2: "Dream"
  • Annex: "Smile"
3 January 25, 1992[13]4-403-61274-1September 7, 2004[14]978-1-59182-873-0
  • Vol 3: "Call.A"
  • Vol 3: "Call.B"
4 July 10, 1992[13]4-403-61282-2November 9, 2004[14]978-1-59182-874-7
  • Vol 4: "Crime"
  • Vol 5: "Save.A"
  • Vol 5: "Save.B"
5 April 5, 1993[13]4-403-61304-7January 11, 2004[14]978-1-59532-049-0
  • Vol 6: "Old"
  • Vol 7: "Box"
  • Vol 8: "Rebirth"
6 August 25, 1993[13]4-403-61319-5March 8, 2005[14]978-1-59532-050-6
  • Vol 9: "News"
  • Vol 10: "Pair"
7 March 25, 1994[13]4-403-61339-XMay 10, 2005[14]978-1-59532-051-3
  • Vol 11: "End"
  • Annex: "Secret"
  • Annex: "Start"

Anime[]

Original video animation[]

Kappei Yamaguchi voiced Subaru in the original video animations.

The original video animations (OVA) series are two episodes with original stories animated by Madhouse. They are written by Tatsuhiko Urahata and directed by Koichi Chigira, with characters designs by Kumiko Takahashi. The first episode has Subaru investigating the meaning behind several accidents in the construction of a building while in the second he meets another onmyōji who is helping the police in finding a serial killer. Producer Yumiko Masujima remembers how difficult it was to recreate the manga's atmosphere in the OVAs.[15] While originally released in VHS, the OVAs were rereleased in Japan in DVD format on June 21, 2000.[16] The OVAs were distributed by U.S. Manga Corps and Manga Entertainment for Australia, UK and France.

US Manga Corps released the two OVA episodes on April 4 and July 11, 1995.[17]

TV series[]

On October 25, 2020 at 15:00 UTC (October 26, 2020 at midnight Japan Standard Time), a trailer was released for a new anime adaptation of Tokyo Babylon. The series, titled Tokyo Babylon 2021, would have been produced by GoHands, and it was originally scheduled to premiere in April 2021.[9] On November 19, it was confirmed that Shingo Suzuki and Susumu Kudo would have directed the series, Jun Kumagai would have overseen series scripts, Makoto Furuta would have design the characters while serving as chief animation director with Keiji Tani, and Noriyuki Asakura would have composed the series' music at King Records. Shouta Aoi would have performed the series' opening theme song, while Nana Mizuki would performed the series' ending theme song.[3] On the same day, the anime production was accused of plagiarizing outfit designs for Subaru and Hokuto.[18] After an investigation, on December 4, 2020, the anime production apologized on their official website and announced that they will be changing the designs.[19] Due to the necessary changes to be made, on December 24, 2020, the anime production committee announced that the series was delayed to an unspecified date.[20] After more cases of plagiarism surfaced through an internal investigation, on March 29, 2021, the production committee announced that the current TV series would be canceled, while a new anime production would be produced by a different studio.[21][22]

On August 3, 2021, it was reported that GoHands was suing King Records for ¥450 million due to them failing to pay the expenses they previously agreed to pay. In the lawsuit, it was revealed the GoHands series was planned to have run for 21 episodes.[23]

Feature film[]

A psychological thriller live-action film named Tokyo Babylon/1999 was based on the series. It takes place five years after the end of the manga and its plot is based on the Tokyo Babylon story "Call.A" in volume 3.[5] Director George Iida requested the help from the OVA producer Yumiko Masujima in casting the main characters.[15] The film is famous for being the first live-action production based on a Clamp series and Iida expressed satisfaction in response to positive fanresponse.[24] Following the end of the production of Tokyo Babylon, film director Iida asked Clamp to help with a sequel movie. The main idea was for Subaru and Seishiro to clash again. For this live-action sequel, Tokyo Babylon/1999, Toshihide Tonesaku played Subaru. Subaru was the first character Tonesaku portrayed as a leading man.[25]

The plot has Subaru Sumeragi investigating the death of a former enemy of the Sumeragi clan, Kaneyama. Before his death, Kaneyama had undertaken a new project: teaching a group of seven teenage girls how to use dark magic to take revenge on those they deem "guilty," beginning with an abusive teacher. One of the girls, Kurumi, starts to feel remorse; however, she is convinced by the others to continue with their plans. When Subaru attempts to stop them, they declare him to be their enemy and attack him. Subaru learns that his former friend-turned-enemy, assassin Seishirō Sakurazuka, was the one who killed Kaneyama, and he has now turned his sights on the girls. The girls grow increasingly sick as a result of using the spells, and Subaru tries once more to save them. Seishirō appears, claiming that none of the girls can be saved. Subaru and Seishirō fight, only to ultimately be stopped by the appearance of the ghost of Hokuto Sumeragi, who asks them to stop for her sake. Seishirō leaves, and the fight is unresolved.

Art book[]

An artbook entitled Tokyo Babylon Photographs was released on April, 1996. (Kadokawa Shoten: ISBN 4-403-65008-2)

Reception and legacy[]

The Tokyo Babylon manga has been popular with its English releases often appearing in Diamond Comic Distributors's lists of best selling comics.[26][27][28] It received generally positive critical response with the writers from Manga Bookshelf and Mania Entertainment referring to it as one of Clamp's best works based on the social themes reflected on the main cast whose traits, while found stereotypical at first, are developed across the story.[8][29] Besides its focus on supernatural events, the series is famous for the shonen ai seen in the interactions between Subaru and Seishiro despite being initially taking comically.[30][31] In the Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson commented that the manga is famous in Western territory for being one of the most famous and initial portrayals of a homosexual relationships, comparing Subaru and Seishiro with the seme and uke couple despite the romance not being actually explored until the ending.[32] Another aspect of praise was the amount of social commentary discussed in the narrative.[33] Some writers praised the handling of Subaru and Hokuto's characterization. Josh Begley noted that Subaru's works stand out from the other espers seen in the Western works, pointing out how he interacts with a spirits, giving compassion to each of them much to the surprise to the writer.[34] Writers from Manga Bookshelf noted how Subaru deeply believes in the philosophy that nobody is fully able to understand another person's pain and thus is unwilling to get attached to other characters. As Subaru develops feelings without realizing for Seishiro he starts growing as an individual, which makes major change in the ending when Hokuto, a physically identical person to him, dies. They further agreed that on the similarities between Tokyo Babylon and xxxHolic and compared Subaru's work with Kimihiro Watanuki's roles in the story.[8] Anime News Network, however, criticized the lighthearted context Clamp gave the narrative for downplaying the relationship between Subaru and Seishiro as well as the former's work.[30] Thompson criticized the amount of exposition the characters often give.[32]

The artwork was praised for its appeal despite Publisher's Weekly reviewing it nearly twenty years after its originally release,[33] Most of the reviewer's compliments aimed to the landscapes and the atmosphere with Mania also praising its simple state createad by Mokona.[29][31][35] while Anime News Network also liked the clothing the cast wears.[30] Thompson further enjoyed the amount of details given to the background, to the point the city of Tokyo is well illustrated, giving it a realsitic look.[32] On the other hand, Manga News felt the artwork lacked the appeal of other Clamp series, most notably RG Veda since both series were published at the same time. Neverthtless, the characters designs were praised for their uniqueness.[36] In another overview of the series, Manga News felt that while the artwork also felt dated, there was charm in the way it was executed through the storyline's style such as how different are secondary characters from the main.[37]

When the series was reaching its climax, Wings editor Miki Ishikawa remembers receiving several letters in which fans requested for a happy ending. Once reaching the end, more letters expressed sadness and shock for the tragic ending and wanted more explications regarding Hokuto's fate. In regards to this character, Ishikawa considered her popularity an exception considering most readers tend to be more attracted by the series' male characters.[38] The writers from Manga Book Shelf noted that the series' open ending has also been a subject of criticism within fans but Seishiro's dark revealtion despite how obvious it seems, it left a major impact on the reader.[8] The tragic ending portrayed in the ending made Anime News Network comment that Subaru is one of Clamp's most "treated like absolute crap despite being one of the purest boys in anime and manga" based on his changes in all of his appearances.[39] The character's relationship with Seishiro stood out with novelist Yoshiki Tanaka calling it tragic and striking despite early thoughts it was a typical use of a relationship to appeal to female readers.[40] In regards to Subaru's darker characterization during the finale, Rebecca Silverman from Anime News Network noted that Subaru's darker characterization in the series' ending was so similar to Seishiro's that he acted like the man lived. Silverman commented that this change was paralleled in their next work, xxxHolic, where its lead character Kimihiro Watanuki began to act like his former boss Yuko Ichihara.[41] Rather than comparing it with Seishiro like Silverman, they focused more on how Subaru lost part of his identity as he saw Hokuto as another part of him.[8]

The OVAs were the subject of positive response thanks to its animation which has been referred to as "stunning."[42][2] They have been recommended to X fans for Subaru's appearances as well as the female demographic.[43] Although the story has been labeled as "s nothing complex, nor is it ingenious," it has been praised for its focus on horror even though the violent imagery may bother viewers.[42][2]

Subaru and Seishirō return in Clamp's apocalyptic manga X. The story, set nine years after the end of Tokyo Babylon, has the two onmyōji on opposite sides during the final battle for humanity's future. Despite having no relation to Tokyo Babylon, Clamp's manga xxxHolic was also focused on social pathologies but with a different approach.[44] Alternative version of Subaru and Seishirō also appeared in the crossover manga Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle. While reviewing the Tokyo Babylon OVAs, Chris Beveridge from the same site found Subaru's portrayal interesting and recommended it to X fans to explore the character more.[45]

See also[]

  • Teito Monogatari: A bestselling historical fantasy novel which inspired aspects of the plot and mythology of Tokyo Babylon and X.[46] The novel itself is widely credited with starting the "onmyōji boom" in Japan.[47] The protagonist of the novel even has a cameo appearance at the beginning of the Tokyo Babylon manga as Subaru's "helpful ambassador".[48]

References[]

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  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hogset, Stig. "Tokyo Babylon". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Loo, Egan (November 19, 2020). "CLAMP's Tokyo Babylon 2021 TV Anime Unveils Cast, Staff, New Video, April Debut". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Clamp. Clamp no Kiseki, Vol. 3. Tokyopop. p. 17.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Clamp. Clamp no Kiseki, Vol. 3. Tokyopop. pp. 5–7.
  6. ^ "Interview with Clamp: Tokyo Babylon)" in Clamp no Kiseki, Volume 3. Egmont Manga & Anime, 2005. ISBN 3-7704-2953-2.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Clamp. Clamp no Kiseki, Vol. 3. Tokyopop. p. 23.
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  46. ^ [1] Archived 2014-02-21 at the Wayback Machine ＣＬＡＭＰ式パッチワーク漫画の作り方2　
  47. ^ Kazuhiko, Komatsu. "Seimei jinja" 28-61
  48. ^ Tokyo Babylon book 1, vol. 1. (English translation by TOKYOPOP)

External links[]

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