Tricholoma magnivelare

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Tricholoma magnivelare
2018-10-05 Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead 972957.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Tricholomataceae
Genus: Tricholoma
Species:
T. magnivelare
Binomial name
Tricholoma magnivelare
(Peck) Redhead (1984)
Synonyms[1]
  • Agaricus ponderosus Peck (1873)
  • Agaricus magnivelaris Peck (1878)
  • Armillaria ponderosa Sacc. (1887)
  • Armillaria arenicola Murrill (1912)
  • Armillaria magnivelaris (Peck) Murrill (1914)
  • Tricholoma ponderosum (Sacc.) Singer (1951)

Tricholoma magnivelare is a gilled mushroom found East of the Rocky Mountains in North America growing in coniferous woodland. These ectomycorrhizal fungi are typically edible species that exist in a symbiotic relationship with various species of pine, commonly jack pine. They belong to the genus Tricholoma, which includes the closely related East Asian songi or matsutake as well as the Western matsutake (T. murrillianum) and Meso-American matsutake (Tricholoma mesoamericanum). T. magnivelare is also known as the ponderosa mushroom, pine mushroom, American matsutake.[2]

Species designation[]

Until recently, Tricholoma magnivelare was the name used to describe all matsutake mushrooms found growing in North America. Since the early 2000s, molecular data has indicated the presence of separate species previously grouped within T. magnivelare. Only those found in the Eastern United States and Canada have retained the T. magnivelare name.[3]

Description[]

The cap ranges from 5–20 cm (2–7+7⁄8 in) in width, and is white with reddish-yellow or brown spots. The stalk is 4–15 cm (1+5⁄8–5+7⁄8 in) tall and 2–6 cm wide. The spores are white.[4]

The mycelium is thought to be parasitized by the plant Allotropa virgata,[5] which primarily feeds on matsutake.[6]

Edibility[]

While tough,[4] the mushroom can be eaten both raw and cooked[7] and is considered choice.[8] In recent years, globalization and wider social acceptability of mushroom hunting has made collection of pine mushrooms widely popular in North America.

Local mushroom hunters sell their harvest daily to local depots, which rush them to airports. The mushrooms are then shipped fresh by air to Asia where demand is high and prices are at a premium.[9]

Serious poisonings have resulted from confusion of this mushroom with poisonous white Amanita species.[10]

Similar species[]

Similar species in the genus include Tricholoma apium,[5] T. caligatum, T. focale, and T. vernaticum.[4] Other similar species include Catathelasma imperiale, C. ventricosum, Russula brevipes, and the poisonous Amanita smithiana.[5]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "GSD Species Synonymy: Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-05-06.
  2. ^ Tricholoma magnivelare. Botany.Wisc.edu. Accessed March 23, 2012.
  3. ^ Trudell, Steven A.; Xu, Jianping; Saar, Irja; Justo, Alfredo; Cifuentes, Joaquin (May 2017). "North American matsutake: names clarified and a new species described". Mycologia. 109 (3): 379–390. doi:10.1080/00275514.2017.1326780. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 28609221. S2CID 205448035.
  4. ^ a b c Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 163–164. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
  5. ^ a b c Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
  6. ^ Moore, Andy. "Allotropa Virgata". Matsiman.com. Retrieved 2021-09-26.
  7. ^ Meuninck, Jim (2017). Foraging Mushrooms Oregon: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Mushrooms. Falcon Guides. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-4930-2669-2.
  8. ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
  9. ^ The American Matsutake: Tricholoma magnivelare. Mushroom Expert. Accessed March 23, 2012.
  10. ^ Tulloss RE. "Amanita smithiana". Amanitaceae.org. Retrieved 2014-05-06.

External links[]

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