Triphenyl phosphite

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Triphenyl phosphite
P(OPh)3.png
Triphenyl-phosphite-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Triphenyl phosphite
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.645 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
Properties
C18H15O3P
Molar mass 310.28 g/mol
Appearance colourless liquid
Density 1.184 g/mL
Melting point 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point 360 °C (680 °F; 633 K)
low
Solubility organic solvents
-183.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Main hazards flammable
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Triphenyl phosphite is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(OC6H5)3. It is a colourless viscous liquid.

Preparation[]

Although it can be viewed as the triester of phosphorous acid and phenol, it is not prepared in that way. Instead, triphenylphosphite is prepared from phosphorus trichloride and phenol in the presence of a base:

PCl3 + 3 HOC6H5 → P(OC6H5)3 + 3 HCl

Reactions[]

Triphenylphosphite is a precursor to trimethylphosphine, it serves as a source of P3+ that is less electrophilic than phosphorus trichloride:[1]

(C6H5O)3P + 3 CH3MgBr → P(CH3)3 + 3 "MgBrOC6H5"

Triphenylphosphite is quaternized by methyl iodide:[2]

(C6H5O)3P + CH3I → [CH3(C6H5O)3P]+I

Coordination complexes[]

Triphenylphosphite is a common ligand in coordination chemistry. It forms zero-valent complexes of the type M[P(OC6H5)3]4 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). The nickel complex can be prepared by displacement of the diene from bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel:[3]

Ni(COD)2 + 4 P(OC6H5)3 → Ni[P(OC6H5)3]4 + 2 COD

Related complexes are homogeneous catalysts for the hydrocyanation of alkenes. It also forms a variety of Fe(0) and Fe(II) complexes such as the dihydride H2Fe[P(OC6H5)3]4.[4]

Polyamorphism[]

Triphenylphosphite is a notable example of polyamorphism in organic compounds, namely it exists in two different amorphous forms at temperatures about 200 K.[5] One polymorphic modification of triphenyl phosphite was obtained by means of crystallization in ionic liquids.[6]

References[]

  1. ^ Leutkens, Jr., M. L.; Sattelberger, A. P.; Murray, H. H.; Basil, J. D.; Fackler, Jr. J. P. (1990). "Trimethylphosphine". Inorganic Syntheses. 28: 305–310. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch76.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ H. N. Rydon (1971). "Alkyl Iodides: Neopentyl Iodide and Iodocyclohexane". Organic Syntheses. 51: 44. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.051.0044.
  3. ^ Ittel, Steven D. (1977). "Olefin, Acetylene, Phosphine, Isocyanide, and Diazene Complexes of Nickel(0)". Inorganic Syntheses. XVII: 117–124. doi:10.1002/9780470132487.ch34.
  4. ^ Gerlach, D. H.; Peet, W. G.; Muetterties, E. L. (1972). "Stereochemically Nonrigid Six-Coordinate Molecules. II. Preparations and Reactions of Tetrakis(organophosphorus)metal Dihydride Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 94 (13): 4545. doi:10.1021/ja00768a022.
  5. ^ Ha, Alice; Cohen, Itai; Zhao, Xiaolin; Lee, Michelle; Kivelson, Daniel (1996). "Supercooled Liquids and Polyamorphism†". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 100: 1–4. doi:10.1021/jp9530820.
  6. ^ D.G. Golovanov, K.A. Lyssenko, M.Yu. Antipin, Ya.S. Vygodskii, E.I. Lozinskaya, A.S. Shaplov. ”Long-awaited polymorphic modification of triphenyl phosphite“, Cryst. Eng. Comm., 2005, v. 7, no. 77, P.465 – 468. doi: 10.1039/b505052a
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