Trogulidae

Trogulidae Temporal range: Palaeogene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Opiliones
Suborder:	Dyspnoi
Superfamily:
Family:	Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833
Genera
Anelasmocephalus
Diversity
5 genera, 57 species
Approximate natural range of Trogulidae

Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen with 5 genera and 57 extant species and one fossil species.

Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. The body is in most genera somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood, which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps.^[1]

Distribution[]

Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Trogulus tricarinatus, a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America.^[1]

Name[]

The derivation of the name of the type genus, Trogulus, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from Ancient Greek trogein "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance.^[1]

Species^[2][3][]

• Silhavý, 1967

• Silhavý, 1967

• Anelasmocephalus Simon, 1879

• Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Baleares)
• Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Sardinia)
• Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Sicily)
• (Westwood, 1874) (Europe)
• (H. Lucas, 1847) (Algeria)
• Anelasmocephalus hadzii Martens, 1978 (Austria)
• (Sørensen, 1873) (Italy)
• Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Italy)
• Simon, 1879 (Corsica, Sardinia)
• Martens, 1978 (Spain)
• Simon, 1879 (France)
• Martens & Chemini, 1988 (France)
• Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Italy)

• Simon, 1879

• (H. Lucas, 1847) (southern Europe, Algeria)
• Calathocratus beieri Gruber, 1968
• Calathocratus caucasicus (Šilhavý, 1966)
• Calathocratus hirsutus Snegovaya, 2011
• Calathocratus intermedius Roewer, 1940 (Crete)
• Calathocratus kyrghyzicus (Chemeris, 2013)
• Calathocratus minutus Snegovaya, 2011
• Calathocratus rhodiensis (Gruber, 1963)
• Calathocratus singularis (Roewer, 1940)
• Calathocratus sinuosus (Sørensen, 1873)

• Roewer, 1940

• Roewer, 1940 (Crete)

• Latreille, 1802

• Simon, 1879
• Trogulus balearicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
• Avram, 1971
• Chemini & Martens, 1988 (Italy)
• Trogulus closanicus Avram, 1971
• C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C .L. Koch 1839 (southern Europe, Algeria)
• Trogulus cristatus Simon, 1879
• Komposch, 1999 (Austria)
• Dahl, 1903 (Greece)
• Simon, 1879 (Israel, Egypt)
• † Haupt, 1956 (fossil: Eocene)
• Trogulus hirtus Dahl, 1903 (Hercegovina)
• Trogulus huberi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
• Trogulus karamanorum Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
• Giltay, 1932 (Portugal)
• Chemini, 1983 (Italy)
• Trogulus megaligrava Schönhofer et al., 2013
• Trogulus melitensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
• (Scopoli, 1763) (southern Europe)
• Trogulus oltenicus Avram, 1971
• Trogulus ozimeci Schönhofer et al., 2013
• Trogulus pharensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
• Trogulus prietoi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
• Trogulus pyrenaicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
• Trogulus rossicus Šilhavý, 1968
• Roewer, 1940 (Crete)
• C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C .L .Koch 1839 (Dalmatia)
• Trogulus tenuitarsus Schönhofer et al., 2013
• Trogulus thaleri Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
• C.L. Koch, in Hahn & C. L. Koch 1839
• Simon, 1885 (Dalmatia)
• Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (central Europe)
• Gruber, 1973

Footnotes[]

References[]

• Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Trogulidae
• Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9

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