Ts'ehlanyane National Park

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Ts'ehlanyane National Park

Ts'ehlanyane National Park is a National Park in Lesotho. It is located in the Maloti Mountains in Leribe District, and is part of the larger Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation Area. This Lesotho northern park protects a high-altitude, 2,600-metre (8,500 ft) patch of rugged wilderness, including one of Lesotho’s only stands of indigenous forest with a number of rare undergrowth plants that are unique to this woodland habitat.

The name "Ts'ehlanyane" is the local common name for the berg bamboo (Thamnocalamus tessellatus), from which the river and park take their name. It is fitting that the park should bear the name of this Drakensberg endemic plant, as it may be the most important refuge for this plant in the entire Maloti-Drakensberg mountain range.

History[]

This proclaimed protected pristine area lies at the junction of the Ts'ehlanyane and the Holomo rivers. It owes its origin to the access road to the "Mamohale tunnel" (May 1991), which was the first adit drive for the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. This adit covers 22 km (14 mi) from the source at Katse Dam to the As River outfall near Clarens, Free State.

Terrain[]

This Lesotho northern park protects a high-altitude, 2,600-metre (8,500 ft) patch of rugged wilderness, including one of Lesotho's few stands of indigenous forest with a number of rare undergrowth plants that are unique to this woodland habitat. Here indigenous "ouhout" (Leucosidea) trees of significant size are preserved.

The park has an altitude ranging from 1,940 to 3,112 metres (6,365 to 10,210 ft) and is considered mostly sub-alpine. The diversity of habitat types is exceptionally wide and derived from the large altitudinal range that the park has.

Biota[]

Bird species[]

Bird species found in the park include:[1]

Wild flower and shrub species[]

Wild flowers and shrubs recorded at Ts'ehlanyane National Park on the Matsa-Mararo route via Lets'a-le-ts'o and the lower bridle path (4 × 4 track) that leads to Holomo Pass
(* = exotic)

  1. * Cannabis sativa
  2. * Persicaria lapathifolia:[a] exotic, robust annual herb in damp areas
  3. * Solanum sp. (wild potato)
  4. ()
  5. [a] (Lesoko): large serrated (basal) leaves, tall herb. Tea made from leaves applied as cough and cold remedy
  6. : small herb with white, star-like flowers
  7. (lefeta; mountain hibiscus; wildestokroos): shrub, 1–4 m (3 ft 3 in – 13 ft 1 in), flowers shiny pink. On the Holomo Pass bridle path, often near streams in scrub forest.
  9. Argyrolobium sp.:
  10. Asclepias fruticosa
  11. : thorny sub-shrub with white daisy-like flowers, damp Basalt slopes at approx. 2,200 m (7,200 ft)
  13. Clematis brachiata: common climber esp. on dead cheche trees next to the 4 × 4 track leading to the Holomo Pass bridle path
  14. Coccinia sp. or Zehneria sp.:[a] climber in cheche forest, deeply lobed leaves, hairy. Small cucumber-like fruit of approx. 30 mm (1.2 in) in length (slightly bitter, probably poisonous)
  15. Conium sp.: tall herb >1 m (39 in), slightly aromatic
  16. Cotyledon orbiculata: on eroded basalt cliffs (south-east facing) next to the Ts'ehlanyane river
  17. : small succulent (200 mm (7.9 in)) on damp rocks next to the Lets'a-le-ts'o trail
  18. Crassula sarcocaulis: on eroded basalt cliffs (south-east facing) next to the Ts'ehlanyane river
  19. Diascia cf. barberae
  20. : white, with mauve and yellow flecks on inside of perianth. Next to 4 × 4 track directly above the conference centre
  22. :[a] light pink with long spur, fragrant, evident in the vicinity of the quarry
  23. : large shrub or small tree
  24. :[a] shrub with pink, bottle-shaped flowers
  25. Eucomis autumnalis subsp. clavata
  26. : herb
  27. Euryops evansii
  28. Euryops sp.: large shrub up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in), small fynbos-like leathery leaves, small yellow flowers
  31. other Geranium spp.
  34. Gunnera perpensa[a] (qobo; wild rhubarb; rivierpampoen): usually in large stands, marshy places, or sub-shade
  35. : greenish flowers with long white spur, one example seen on the 4×4 track leading to the Holomo Pass bridal path
  37. :[a] golden yellow everlasting with small overlapping leaves
  39. Helichrysum splendidum
  40. sp.: ill-aromatic herb, or sub-shrub, on path, disturbed soil
  41. Lobelia spp.
  42. Lotononis sp.:[a] : greyish sub-shrub, blue pea-flowers
  43. [a] (Forget-me-not): common on disturbed areas i.e. the path, pink – deep blue
  44. Orchidaceae:[a] small leaves similar to Agapanthus, ?
  45. Orchidaceae:[a] yellow-green flowers with two wings, long spur, probably
  46. :[a] leaves are deeply divided, lobes narrow. Pink flowers. Common on the lower Lets'a-le-ts'o trail
  47. (): large shrub in scrub
  48. :[a] herb with small white flowers, tiny pink flecks on the inside of petals. Leaves with purplish brown mark. Common on the lower Lets’a-le-ts’o trail
  50. Phygelius capensis: grassy slopes within cheche forest, damp and rocky moist slopes and on streambanks. Flowers curved.
  51.  : grassy slopes within cheche forest
  52. :[a] common in shade of cheche forest
  53. : small perennial herb, pink flowers
  54. : perennial herb, purple flowers
  55. Polygala virgata: common shrub next to 4×4 track leading to the Holomo Pass bridal path
  56. : climber on dead/burnt cheche en route to the Matsa-mararo falls from Lets'a-le-ts'o. Heart-shaped leaves, conspicuous fruit: papery 3-winged, pink-red en masse
  57. : small yellowish green flowers on long spike, petals drying brown soon after flowering. Basal leaves, heart-shaped, fairly large
  58. Scabiosa cf. columbaria
  59. subsp. artropurpureum
  60. Scilla natalensis : on basalt cliffs south of the Ts’ehlanyane river
  61. : white inflorescence, honey scented, next to path near Matsa-mararo falls
  64. Senecio sp.: common, herbaceous shrub with masses of yellow flowers. Large stands in damp areas or rocky places
  65. :[a] pink, near campsite at river deck
  67. :[a] herb, forest floor near and on the lower Lets'a-le-ts'o path, leaves resemble maidenhair fern (Adianthium cappilus-veneris)
  68. Thamnocalamus tessellatus (liqaloe; ; bergbamboes) damp slopes and near rivers/streams 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) tall. Endangered species in South Africa
  69. Unknown species:[a] common on disturbed soil, small herb (150 mm), leaves are serrated and spatulate, of particular interest are the discoloured characteristic of the leaves: above green and below purple-pink
  72. : on eroded basalt cliffs (south-east-facing) next to the Ts'ehlanyane river
  74. : night-flowering species, common on the trail between Lets'a-le-ts'o and Matsa-mararo falls

Indigenous tree species in the Park[]

Indigenous trees as seen at the campsite, on the lower Lets'a-le-ts'o path en route to Matsa-Mararo falls and the lower bridle path (4x4 track) that leads to Holomo Pass

  1. *Rosa eglanteria (rosehip): thorny tree, pink flowers followed by orange–red fruit, in scrub forest near river and cheche forest
  2. Buddleja loricata (lelora; mountain sage; bergsaliehout) very similar to B. salviifolia but leaves are leathery, lanceolate, whilst B. salviifolia leaves are softer and oval/heart-shaped at base. B. loricata usually at higher altitudes than B. salviifolia, but their habitats do overlap(1,800–2,450 m (5,910–8,040 ft)). Inflorescences of B. loricata, smaller, only white, sweetly scented. B. loricata common in the vicinity of Lets'a-le-ts'o.
  3. Buddleja salviifolia (lelothoane; quilted sage; saliehout) Very similar to B. loricata but leaves and inflorescence differ: see B. loricata (supra). Flowers: fragrant, white to mauve in spring.
  4. subsp. africana (liperekisi-tsa-makhoaba, senokonoko; firesticks star-apple; kritikom; vuurmaakbossie; jakkalsbessie) usually a shrub, sometimes small tree, grey appearance. Flowers: pink to red, highly fragrant during springtime. Fruit conspicuous: grey-green, red to black when ripe up to 20 mm (0.79 in) in diameter.
  5. (monkhoane; parsley tree; pietersieliebos) small tree with conspicuous bark peeling off in papery flakes, on steep slopes and cliffs where protection from veld fires esp. vicinity of the Matsa-mararo falls. Flowers and seeds resemble parsley.
  6. Leucosidea sericea (cheche; oldwood: ouhout), according to an entomological study made on the cheche of the Golden Gate area (EFS), these trees are the habitat of 117 species of beetles
  7. Myrsine africana (semapo; Cape myrtle; mirting) evergreen shrub with very small leaves, toothed in upper half, rarely a tree
  8. Rhamnus prinoides (mofifi; dogwood; blinkblaar) small tree, often in shade of cheche forest. Glossy-green leaves, small red–black berries
  9. (kolitsane; rusty-leaved current; roesblaartaaibos) shrub or small tree with trifoliate leaves, slightly leathery, dark olive green above, grey-green–rusty-brown hairs beneath, large numbers of small yellow to brown berries 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter.

Other tree species[]

Other trees expected to occur in the area include:

  1. (isiduli; umbaba; southern shell-flower)
  2. Euclea crispa (mohlakola; blue guarri)
  3. Halleria lucida (lebetsa; tree fuschia; notsung)
  4. (lekhapu; mountain gonna)
  5. Rhus dentata (lebelebele; nana-berry)
  6. Rhus pyroides (kolitsane; common taaibos)

Fern species[]

Ferns and fern allies

Underneath shade of cheche forest, an abundance of ferns occur: Polystichum spp. and . Pteris cretica in damp places often near boulders. In exposed areas on rocky mountain slopes, typical poikylohydrous species evident like the resurrection fern and . Selaginella spp. expected on exposed rock surfaces.

Location[]

The park is located deep in the northern range of the Maloti Mountains at the foot of the Holomo Pass and only about 45 minutes on tarred road from the South African border post of Caledonspoort, 15 minutes drive from the popular Free State town of Clarens and about 4 hours from O. R. Tambo International Airport).

Activities[]

  • Maliba Lodge accommodation is located within the park
  • Numerous hiking and bridle paths have already been established with the park, one of which is a spectacular 39 km trail linking the Ts'ehlanyane National Park with the Bokong Nature Reserve.
  • Photographic opportunities. Not only is the scenery spectacular, but the fauna and flora offer a boundless variety of photographic subjects.
  • Basuto pony rides offer an ideal way to explore nature from a higher vantage point.
  • Swimming in the pristine streams and rock pools
  • Small to medium-sized game viewing with about 24 species present
  • Massage treatments at Maliba Lodge Spa
  • Restaurant meals and viewing/photography deck at Maliba Lodge

How to get there[]

A 32-kilometre (20 mi) tarred access road leaves the main A1 route 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Butha-Buthe. The route passes through the village of Khabo and parallels the Hlotse river along the Holomo valley until it reaches the park entrance gate.

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q specimens collected by Patsy Millin (31 Jan 2006 – 2 Feb 2006)

References[]

  1. ^ "Bird Species" (PDF). . Retrieved March 19, 2015.

Coordinates: 29°00′S 28°25′E / 29.000°S 28.417°E / -29.000; 28.417

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