Tsuyako Kitashima
Tsuyako Kitashima | |
---|---|
Born | Tsukayo May Kataoka 1918 |
Died | December 29, 2005 | (aged 86–87)
Nationality | American |
Tsuyako "Sox" Kitashima (1918 – December 29, 2005) was a Japanese-American activist noted for her role in seeking reparations for Japanese American internment by the United States government during World War II,[1] particularly as investigated by the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians in the 1980s.[2]
Kitashima was born Tsuyako May Kataoka in 1918 in Hayward, California, to Masajiro Kataoka and Yumi Ishimaru, who had emigrated from Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan and owned a strawberry farm in Eden Township, Alameda County, California.[2] She had five siblings. At school, her classmates were unable to pronounce her name, calling her "Socko" instead; this in time was further shortened to "Sox". Kitashima's family moved from Eden to Centerville, Fresno County, California, where she graduated from Washington Union High School in 1936.[3]
Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Kitashima and her family were among those 120,000 Japanese Americans interned into relocation camps.[2] They were kept in horse stalls at Tanforan, California, and later moved to a single room at Topaz War Relocation Center in Utah.[1] The Kataokas were also moved to Tule Lake while interned. In August 1945, Tsuyako married Tamotsu Kitashima in Salt Lake City, Utah.[1]
She later became a spokesperson for the , and fought for the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, by which the American government formally apologized and granted reparations to the wartime internees.[2] In 1998, The Freedom Forum awarded her a , which came with US$10,000.[2] She has also been recognized by the National Women's History Project as a National Women's History Month/Week honoree.[4]
Kitashima died of a heart attack in a care home in San Francisco, California on December 29, 2005, aged 87.[2]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Taylor, Sandra C. (1993). "Nikkei Lives: The Impact of Internment". Jewel of the Desert: Japanese American Internment at Topaz. Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 214503960.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Johnson, Jason B. (January 10, 2006). "Tsuyako Kitashima – 'godmother' of Japantown". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications. p. B – 5. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
- ^ "U.S., School Yearbooks, 1900-1999, Washington Union High School, 1936". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
- ^ "Tsuyako "Sox" Kitashima (1919-)". nwhp.org. National Women's History Project. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
External links[]
- Tsuyako Kitashima at Discover Nikkei
- Tsuyako Kitashima at What if No One's Watching?
- 1918 births
- 2005 deaths
- Japanese-American internees
- People from Hayward, California
- Activists from the San Francisco Bay Area
- Japanese-American civil rights activists