Tudḫaliya IV

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Tudhaliya
YazilikayaSharrumaAndKingTudhaliya8November2004.JPG
Depiction of king Tudhaliya on a relief
King of Hatti
Reignc. 1237 – 1209 BCE
PredecessorHattusili III
SuccessorArnuwanda III
IssueArnuwanda III
Suppiluliuma II
FatherHattusili III
MotherPuduhepa
ReligionHittite religion

Tudhaliya IV was a king of the Hittite Empire (New kingdom), and the younger son of Hattusili III. He reigned c. 1237–1209 BCE. His mother was the great queen, Puduhepa.

Biography[]

Tudhaliya was likely born in his father's court in Hattusa, after his brother and crown prince , but still while their father was governing on his brother Muwatalli II's behalf. He was a good friend of Muwatalli's son, Kurunta, and Hattusili ordered that they stay on good terms.

After Hattusili as King wrote up a treaty with "Ulmi-Tessup" which confirmed Kurunta's rule over Tarhuntassa, Hattusili elevated Tudhaliya over his older brother to be his crown prince. Tudhaliya as king drew up a bronze tablet treaty confirming the links between him and Kurunta. During his reign, 13 dams were built after a severe drought, one of which still survives to this day at Alacahöyük.[1]

He suffered a severe defeat at the hands of Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria in the Battle of Nihriya, c. 1230 BCE.

Tudhaliya had a sister, queen Maathorneferure of Egypt. He had two sons, who were the last two kings of the Hittites before their empire fell probably due to the Sea People.

  • v
  • t
Hittite New Kingdom royal family tree
Himuili?[a]
Tudhaliya I/II[b]Nikkalmati[c]
Arnuwanda I[c]Asmunikal[c]
Hattusili II?[d]Tudhaliya III[e]Daduhepa[f]Zida[g]
Tudhaliya the Young[h]Henti[g] (1)Šuppiluliuma I[h](2) Tawananna[i]
Arnuwanda II[g]Telipinu[j]Sarri-Kusuh[k][l]Zannanza[m]Gassulawiya[n] (1)Mursili II[g](2) Tanuhepa[o]
Talmi-Sarruma[p]Sahurunuwa[k][q]Muwatalli II[o]Halpasulupi[r]Massanauzzi[s]Hattusili III[t]Puduhepa[u]
Ini-Tesub[k][v]Urhi-Tesub[o]Kurunta[w]Nerikkaili[x]numerous daughters[y] and sons[z]Tudhaliya IV[aa]
Talmi-Tesub[k][ab]Hartapu[ac]Arnuwanda III[ad]Suppiluliuma II[ad][ae]
Kuzi-Tesub[af]
  • (1) = 1st spouse
  • (2) = 2nd spouse
  • Small caps indicates a Great King (LUGAL.GAL) of the Land of Hatti; italic small caps indicates a Great Queen or Tawananna.
  • Dashed lines indicate adoption.
  • Solid lines indicate marriage (if horizontal) or parentage (if vertical).
References:
  • Trevor Bryce (1997). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  • Trevor Bryce (2012). The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Volkert Haas (2006). Die hethitische Literatur. Berlin, Germany: de Gruyter.
Notes:
  1. ^ Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II (Bryce 1997, p. 131).
  2. ^ Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133).
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bryce (1997), p. 139.
  4. ^ The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154).
  5. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 158.
  6. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 172.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Bryce (1997), p. 174.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Bryce (1997), p. 168.
  9. ^ Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).
  10. ^ ‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d King (lugal) of Carchemish.
  12. ^ Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.
  13. ^ Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).
  14. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 227.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bryce (1997), p. 230.
  16. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 220.
  17. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 222.
  18. ^ Haas (2006), p. 91.
  19. ^ Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).
  20. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 296.
  21. ^ Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).
  22. ^ Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.
  23. ^ King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).
  24. ^ Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).
  25. ^ Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.
  26. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 332.
  27. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).
  28. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 363.
  29. ^ Great King of Tarhuntassa; son of Mursili, the Great King, who is likely identical with Mursili III/Urhi-Tesub (Bryce 2012, p. 21 f.).
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b Bryce (1997), p. 361.
  31. ^ Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.
  32. ^ King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

See also[]

  • History of the Hittites

External links[]

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Hattusili III 		Hittite king Succeeded by
Arnuwanda III
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