Tytthaena

Tytthaena; Temporal range: 60.9–54.9 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N middle Paleocene - early Eocene
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Oxyaenodonta
Family:	†Oxyaenidae
Subfamily:	†Tytthaeninae; Gunnell & Gingerich, 1991
Genus:	†Tytthaena; Gingerich, 1980
Type species
	†Tytthaena parrisi; Gingerich, 1980
Species
	T. lichna (Rose, 1981); T. parrisi (Gingerich, 1980);
Synonyms
	synonyms of subfamily: Tyttaeninae (Lavrov, 1999) ; synonyms of genus: Tyttaena (Lavrov, 1999) ; synonyms of species: T. lichna: Oxyaena lichna (Rose, 1981) ; ;

Tytthaena ("little hyena") is an extinct genus of oxyaenids from subfamily Tytthaeninae. It lived during the late Paleocene to early Eocene in North America.^[1] Two species are known, T. parrisi and T. lichna.

Description[]

Tytthaena is the smallest oxyaenid known. Morphologically, it resembles Oxyaena. It can be distinguished from other oxyaenids by its size and dentition. Its molars were narrow, with elongate talonids.^[2]^[4]

Phylogeny[]

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Tytthaena are shown in the following cladogram.^[3]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Pan-Carnivora

†Hyaenodonta

†Hyaenodonta (sensu stricto)

	†Altacreodus

	†

†Altacreodus/Tinerhodon clade

sensu lato

Carnivoramorpha

†Oxyaenodonta

†Oxyaenidae

†Tytthaeninae

†Tytthaena

	†Tytthaena parrisi

	†Tytthaena lichna

†Oxyaeninae

	†

	†Machaeroidinae

References[]

^ ^a ^b "Tytthaena". Fossilworks.
^ ^a ^b ^c P. D. Gingerich. (1980.) "Tytthaena parrisi, Oldest Known Oxyaenid (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Late Paleocene of Western North America." Journal of Paleontology 54(3):570-576
^ ^a ^b Gunnel, Gregg F.; Gingerich, Philip D. (1991). "Systematics and evolution of late Paleocene and early Eocene Oxyaenidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming" (PDF). Contributions From the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan. 28 (7): 141–180.
^ ^a ^b K. D. Rose. (1981.) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197
^ A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
^ Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
^ Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"
^ Shawn P. Zack (2019). "A skeleton of a Uintan machaeroidine 'creodont' and the phylogeny of carnivorous eutherian mammals". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (8): 653–689. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1466374.

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[Fossilworks-1] "Tytthaena". Fossilworks.

[Gingerich1980-2] P. D. Gingerich. (1980.) "Tytthaena parrisi, Oldest Known Oxyaenid (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Late Paleocene of Western North America." Journal of Paleontology 54(3):570-576

[Gunnel1991-3] Gunnel, Gregg F.; Gingerich, Philip D. (1991). "Systematics and evolution of late Paleocene and early Eocene Oxyaenidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming" (PDF). Contributions From the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan. 28 (7): 141–180.

[Rose1981-4] K. D. Rose. (1981.) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197

[Lavrov1999-5] A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].

[6] Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.

[7] Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"

[Zack-8] Shawn P. Zack (2019). "A skeleton of a Uintan machaeroidine 'creodont' and the phylogeny of carnivorous eutherian mammals". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (8): 653–689. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1466374.

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