U.S. Livorno 1915

The progress of Livorno in the Italian football league structure since the first season of a united Serie A (1929/30). The graph depicts only four upper tiers, hence the hole in the early 1990s.

Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915,^[3] commonly referred to as Livorno, is an Italian football club based in Leghorn, Tuscany.

The team's colours are dark red (amaranto in Italian, from which the team nickname derives).

The best placement in Italian Serie A was second place in 1942–43 season, during which the amaranto gave life to a head-to-head competition with Torino.

US Livorno play their home matches at the Stadio Armando Picchi.

History[]

Livorno supporters in 2007.

Livorno supporters in 2013.

Founded 15 February 1915 as US Livorno, the club ended the Italian Football Championship 1919–20 in second place, losing the final to Internazionale. One year later, they were defeated in the semi-final by arch-rivals Pisa. In 1933, the club moved to the current stadium, originally named after Edda Ciano Mussolini, daughter of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. Livorno was one of the original Serie A teams. They played in top level during periods of 1929–31, 1933–35 and 1937–39. Successively, Livorno ended as Serie A runners-up in the 1942–43 season. Livorno left Serie A in 1949 after seven consecutive seasons. They were relegated to Serie C soon after (1951–52 season), making a return to Serie B in 1955 for a single season and again from 1964 to 1972. They relegated to Serie C2 in 1982–83 and played again in third level between 1984 and 1989. The club was then cancelled in 1991, being forced to start from Eccellenza; two consecutive promotions led the team back to Serie C2. The club was promoted to Serie C1 in 1997 and was acquired by Aldo Spinelli two years later. Under the new property, Livorno returned to Serie B in 2001.

Livorno were promoted to Serie A after finishing third in the Serie B 2003–04, one of six clubs to be promoted that season. It had been 55 years since Livorno's last season in the top flight, and as a result of this, most were predicting an instant return to Serie B for the club. The first match in the major league was attended by Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, a Livorno's citizen and team supporter in his childhood. There were spells of struggle during the season, but there were many more good performances shown, and Livorno finished a surprise and creditable ninth place in the league for the Serie A 2004–05, also thanks to goals by striker Cristiano Lucarelli, who won the Serie A top scorer award that season, outscoring even the likes of Andriy Shevchenko and Adriano.

The Serie A 2005–06 saw Livorno in sixth place after the first half of the season the team, being involved for qualification to the next UEFA Cup. However, shortly after Roberto Donadoni announced his resignations after having been criticised by club's chairman Aldo Spinelli. Donadoni was replaced by veteran coach Carlo Mazzone, who was only able to save a UEFA Cup place due to the expulsion of three teams from Europe in the 2006 Serie A match fixing scandal. Mazzone then saw his team suffer a run of seven straight defeats. In May 2006, Daniele Arrigoni was appointed new coach for the next season.

In the Serie A 2006–07 season, Livorno took part to the UEFA Cup for their first time ever. The Tuscan side were drawn to face Austrian team SV Pasching in the first round, beating them comfortably 3–0 on aggregate. They thus qualified for the group stages being drawn in Group A, along with Rangers, Auxerre, FK Partizan, and Maccabi Haifa. After a home loss to Rangers (2–3) and two 1–1 draws against Partizan in Belgrade (where goalkeeper Marco Amelia scored in the 87th minute) and Maccabi (in Livorno), the Tuscan side gained a 1–0 victory over Auxerre in the last game played in France, thus earning a spot in the Round of 32 of the competition. However, Spanish team Espanyol knocked out Livorno from the UEFA Cup by winning 4–1 on aggregate.

After day 19 of the Italian Serie A, Arrigoni was sacked by chairman Spinelli, but his position was kept due to the strong opposition by the team. His dismissal was, however, only delayed, as Arrigoni was eventually fired on 21 March 2007, and replaced by Fernando Orsi, who managed to keep the team away from the relegation battle. For the 2007–08 campaign, Orsi was confirmed as head coach and a number of notable signings such as Francesco Tavano, Diego Tristan and Vikash Dhorasoo were finalised, but also the transfer of Lucarelli to Ukrainian club Shakhtar Donetsk. The club, however, did not start well, making a mere two points in the first seven matches, and Orsi was sacked on 9 October and replaced by Giancarlo Camolese. Despite showing some positive signals at the beginning, Livorno found himself again at the bottom of league table. On 28 April 2008, Camolese was fired as Orsi was re-appointed, but in the penultimate day of the season, the team could not avoid relegation, due to a 1–0 home defeat against Torino. They finished last in the Serie A standings of the 2007–08 season. Thus, being relegated to Serie B. They finished Serie B as the third place team in 2008–09 season and returned to Serie A after winning promotion play-offs after defeating successively Grosseto with a 4–3 aggregate score and Brescia with a 5–2 aggregate score. However, this return was short-lived and one season later they relegated again to Serie B after finishing last. Livorno were promoted again after they beat Empoli 2–1 on aggregate to get the Serie A promotion.^[4]

In 2014 Livorno relegated back to Serie B again. The club also sold flagship striker Paulinho for €8 million fee,^[5] in order to cover the net loss. In 2016 Livorno relegated again to Lega Pro, but two years later the team managed to bounce back to Serie B.

In the 2019–20 season of Serie B, Livorno ended up last, leading them to be relegated to Serie C. In the 2020–21 season, it was relegated once again, this time to Serie D, and successively excluded from Italian football and readmitted to Eccellenza under the new denomination of Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915 and the ownership of former Prato chairman Paolo Toccafondi.

Coaching staff[]

Position	Name	Nationality
Head Coach	Francesco Buglio	Italy
Assistant Coach	Matteo Bonatti	Italy
Goalkeeper Coach	Fabrizio Vivaldi	Italy
Fitness Coach	Alberto Marsili	Italy
Physiotherapist	Manuel Lenzi	Italy
Physiotherapist	Gianluca Teresi	Italy

Managers[]

Supporters[]

AS Livorno supporters during a match against Udinese

Livorno's supporters are well known for their left-wing politics which often spark fiercely violent clashes with opposing right-wing supporter groups, especially those of Lazio and Verona. Former Lazio striker Paolo Di Canio once made a roman salute to his own fans during a match against Livorno, when tensions were running high between the two clubs' ultra groups.^[7]

Since 2005, a group of migrant Livorno supporters resident in northern Europe have styled themselves Partigiani Livornesi Scandinavia (Livornian partisans of Scandinavia). A so-called "triangle of brotherhood" has developed between the most heavily supported left-wing fan clubs of Marseille, Livorno, and AEK Athens, namely between Commando Ultras 84, Brigate Autonome Livornesi 99, and Original 21. Their connection is mostly an ideological one. They also have a connection with Adana Demirspor (Şimşekler) and Celtic.

In Europe[]

UEFA Cup[]

Season	Round	Club	Home	Away	Aggregate	Reference
2006–07	First round	Pasching	2–0	1–0	3–0	[8]
	Group A	Rangers	2–3	N/A	3rd
		Partizan	N/A	1–1
		Maccabi Haifa	1–1	N/A
		Auxerre	N/A	1–0
	Round of 32	Espanyol	1–2	0–2	1–4

Honours[]

• Serie A
  • Runners-up (2): 1919–20, 1942–43
• Serie B
  • Winners (2): 1932–33, 1936–37
  • Runners-up (1): 1939–40
  • Other Promotions (3): 2003–04, 2008–09, 2012–13
• Serie C/Serie C1/Lega Pro
  • Winners (3): 1963–64, 2001–02, 2017–18
  • Promotions (5): 1954–55, 1959–60, 1963–64, 2001–02, 2017–18
• Serie C2/Lega Pro Seconda Divisione
  • Winners (1): 1983–84
  • Runners-up (1): 1995–96, 1996–97
  • Promotions (2): 1983–84, 1996–97
• Coppa Italia Serie C/Coppa Italia Lega Pro
  • Winners (1): 1986–87
  • Runners-up (1): 2001-02

Divisional movements[]

Series	Years	Last	Promotions	Relegations
A	18	2013–14	-	7 (1931, 1935, 1939, 1949, 2008, 2010, 2014)
B	27	2019–20	6 (1933, 1937, 1940, 2004, 2009, 2013)	5 (1952, 1956, 1972, 2016, 2020)
C +C2	35 +7	2020–21	4 (1955, 1964, , 2018) 2 (, )	3 (1983 C1, , 2021✟) 1 ()
87 out of 90 years of professional football in Italy since 1929
D	1		1 ()	never
E	2		1 ()	never

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to A.S. Livorno Calcio.

• Official website (in Italian)