United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission

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United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission
Seal of the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission.png
Congressional commission overview
FormedOctober 2000; 20 years ago (2000-10)
JurisdictionUnited States federal government
HeadquartersWashington, D.C.
Congressional commission executive
Websitehttps://www.uscc.gov

The United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission(informally, the US-China Commission, USCC) is an independent agency of the United States government, it was established on October 30th, 2000 through Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act.[1]

The USCC is responsible for providing recommendations based on their findings on bilateral trade with people’s Republic of China, evaluating national security and trading risks in all industries, conducting research on China’s actions, all these findings are discussing in the hearings, and submitting as an annual report or specific research topics every year. [2]

In part due to its small size, the USCC directly reports to Congress and the president, it is not part of any other department or agency in the federal government. The USCC consists of 12 commissioners that staff and facilities which are absorbed from the former US Trade Deficit Review Commission commissioners, members are appointed to two-year terms by the Majority and Minority Leaders of the U.S. Senate, and by the Speaker and the Minority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives.[3] The present head of the commission is Carolyn Bartholomew and Vice Chairman Robin Cleveland who are responsible for organising meeting with other commissioners, and each commissioner is entitled to one vote. [4]


History[]

The USCC staff and facilities are from former US Trade Deficit Review Commission by the Floyd D. Spence National Defence Authorization Act of 2001. Since then, the USCC is taking care of the trade deficit matters with China.[5]

The purpose of the USCC is created as US believes some of the current trades with China were in need of urgent attentions and corrections based on analyses, in related to the concern of China’s military modernizations, change of trade policy and media and information controls. [6]

Its first annual report in 2002 evaluated China is and will be a major competitor of the U.S. and also concluded that China as the third-largest trading partner had extremely unbalanced trade relationship.[7] In the following years between 2004-2009, the USCC stated that China’s undervalued currency, counterfeiting and piracy, export subsidies and lack of protection of US intellectual property right were continually contributed to a growing trade deficit. [8][9]

The main focus for the commission is constantly changing around the eight main areas. However, the focused area in the last decade (2010-2020) is national security. [10][11]

In the 2020 Annual report, the commission stated 10 keys recommendations but many of them are related to security versus purely economic-centred. The USCC argues the main direction of US-China relation will be “A combination of containment and engagement” [12]

Function and Value[]

Annual Report

The main part of the commission is to submit annual report every year. [13]The USCC fulfills its mission by holding regular meetings with commission members to discuss recent related matters include write full analysis of eight focused parts,[14] which are Energy, American Capital Market, Economic transfers, Regional Economics and Security impacts, US-China Bilateral Programs, Weapon proliferation, World Trade Organization Compliance and Implications of restrictions on speech and information access in China. And provide conclusions and recommendations for legislative and administrative actions. [15]

The public annual report can be download and access by general public, the private annual report is provided to congress and president. The USCC provided its first annual report to Congress in 2002 and did not provide report in 2003. However, 7 research papers were provided in 2003. 18 annual reports were submitted until 2020 so far.[16]

Hearing

Multiple hearings are held every year with commissioners and outside government parties to discuss relevant matters. The first hearing was “China Trade/Sectoral and WTO Issues” on June 14,2001. [17]The latest hearing was held on April 15, 2021, the topic was “An Assessment of the CCP’s Economic Ambitions, Plans, and Metrics of Success” [18]

Research

Specific research topics are choosing according to the need of congress and popularity among general public, topics can be varying such as Economics, Trade, Technology, Military and Security. [19]

The latest research is “China’s Health System” in 2021,[20] a few popular research papers are “China’s Corporate Social Credit System” in 2020 [21]and “China’s Internet of Things” in 2018.[22] Those research papers can be parts of the annual reports. [23]

The USCC also entitled to access any information from the United States Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency and any other Federal departments that the commission considers necessary to carry out its duties. Also, government staff including the speakers of Congress, senior federal members and people from military, security, industry and academia who are relevant to the hearings must cooperate with the USCC and attend to the hearings. [24]

Structure[]

The USCC consists of 12 commission members and 19 staff. Members have the same duty responsibility of the Trade Deficit Review Commission. Each commission members are appointed to a two-year term by the Speaker of the House, after consulting with majority of US Senate’s leaders. [25] Members that appointed need to make appointments not later than 30days after the date on which each new Congress convenes, members may be reappointed for other additional terms. Each member entitled to one vote for decision-making and voting matters. [26]

A chairman and vice chairman are selected from among twelve members by equal voting.

An annual report is needed to submit to congress in both classified and unclassified form on a date that not late than 1st of December every year. Recommendations should also consider trade and transfer through third countries if necessary.

Qualification of members[]

  • Members are selected by the Speaker of the House of representative after consulted with Armed Services’ and The Committee on Ways and Means’ Chairman.
  • Members are selected by the president after the consultation with most of the Senate’s leaders, ranking minority members and chairman of committee on Finance of the Senate.
  • Members are needed to have expertise in national security and US-China relation matters
  • Members are needed to be US citizens. [27]

Commission members and staff[]

USCC is administered by US Senate, comprising a commission chairman, vice chairman and ten other members. The commission members are Chairman Carolyn Bartholomew, Vice chairman Robin Cleveland, Bob Borochoff. The rest of the members are Jeffrey Fiedler, Carte P. Goodwin, Roy D. Kamphausen, Derek Scissors, James M. Talent, Michael R. Wessel and Alex Wong.[28]

Carolyn Bartholomew – Chairman

Chairman Bartholomew previously served as the Commission's Chairman for four report cycles and served as Vice Chairman for six report cycles. She was reappointed by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi for a two-year term expiring December 31, 2021. She is the former Chief of Staff, Counsel, Legislative Director, and Foreign Policy Advisor to U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi. She also served as a Professional Staff Member on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. [29]

Robin Cleveland – Vice Chairman

Vice Chairman Cleveland was reappointed by Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell for a two-year term expiring December 31, 2022. She is currently a psychotherapist in private practice after earning her PhD in Counselling. Previously, she worked as the Executive Director at the Education and Human Development at The George Washington University, she also worked in a variety of positions for U.S. Senator Mitch McConnell including service on the Senate Intelligence, Foreign Relations, and Appropriations Committees. She has also served as former Counsellor to the President of the World Bank, and as former Associate Director at the White House Office of Management and Budget. [30]

Bob Borochoff

Commissioner Borochoff was appointed by House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy for a term expiring December 31, 2021. He is a successful businessman and community leader for over 40 years, he as a company owner provides a myriad of services for the restaurant industry, including real estate consulting, marketing, strategy developments, concept designs, management and operational services. He also as a commission member of the Texas Finance Commission which coordinate the government departments responsible for the state’s financial services industry and member of the executive committee for one of the nation’s largest chambers of commerce, member of the board of the National restaurant Association. [31]

Jeffrey Fiedler

Commissioner Fiedler was reappointed by House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi for a two-year term expiring December 31, 2022. Jeffrey Fiedler is the retired National Strategic Retail Director, United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, formerly Assistant to the General President, and Director for the International Union of Operating Engineers. Previously, Commissioner Fiedler was President of Research Associates of America (RAA) and the elected president of the Food and Allied Services Trades Department, AFL-CIO. He served on the Board of Directors of the Consumer Federation of America. In 1992, Commissioner Fiedler co-founded the Laogai Research Foundation (LRF), an organisation devoted to studying the forced labour camp system in China.[32]

Kimberly T. Glas

Commissioner Glas was appointed by Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer for a term expiring December 31, 2022. Previously, Kimberly T. Glas joined the National Council of Textile Organisations in May 2019 as President and CEO. She has more than 20 years of experience in government policy development and advocacy. She used to work at the spearheading manufacturing and trade policy efforts on Capitol Hill, serving as a key leader on behalf of the textile industry in the Obama Administration, and leading a non-profit organisation working to advance critical policies to grow quality, U.S. jobs in the clean energy economy, she also served as Executive Director of the BlueGreen Alliance, a non-profit partnership of labor unions and environmental organisations.[33]

Carte P. Goodwin

Senator Carte Goodwin was appointed by Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer for a two-year term expiring December 31, 2021. He is an attorney with the law firm of Frost Brown Todd, and as the member in charge in Charleston office, member of CivicPoint which is the firm’s government affairs subsidiary. [34]

Roy D. Kamphausen

Commissioner Kamphausen was appointed by Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell for a term expiring on December 31, 2021. He is the president of the National Bureau of Asian Research, he also serves as a career U.S. Army officer, senior adviser on East Asia for the University of the Connecticut’s Office of Global Affairs.[35]

Derek Scissors

Commissioner Scissors was appointed by House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy for a term expiring December 31, 2022. He is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), where he focuses on the Chinese and Indian economies and on US economic relations with Asia. He is concurrently chief economist of the China Beige Book. Dr. Scissors is the author of the China Global Investment Tracker. Dr. Scissors has a bachelor’s degree from the University of Michigan, a master’s degree from the University of Chicago, and a doctorate from Stanford University.[36]

Hon. James M. Talent

Commissioner Talent was appointed by Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell for a two-year term expiring December 31, 2021. He is currently a partner at Banner Public Affairs, a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Centre, and a Visiting Senior Fellow and Director. From 2007 to 2010, Sen. Talent served as Vice-Chairman of the Commission on Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, served on the Independent Panel that reviewed the Quadrennial Defence Review of the Department of defence, served as a member of the Executive Panel advising the Chief of Naval Operations, and was a Distinguished Fellow at the Heritage Foundation. [37]

Michael R. Wessel

Commissioner Wessel was reappointed by House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi for a term expiring December 31, 2022. He is an original member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. He is currently the president of The Wessel Group Inc. And he serves as staff liaison to the Labour Advisory Committee to the USTR and Secretary of Labour. Previously he worked as former General Counsel to Congressman Richard A. Gephardt, and was on Gephardt’s staff for more than two decades in a variety of positions.[38]

Alex Wong

Commissioner Wong was appointed by House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy for a term expiring December 31, 2021. He is a senior fellow at Hudson Institute that his research spans U.S. national security policy and foreign affairs with a particular focus on U.S strategy in the Indo-Pacific region, , he also serves as the Deputy Special Representative for North Korea and the Deputy Assistant Secretary for North Korea at the U.S. Department of State. In that position, he was the No. 2 negotiator in denuclearization talks with North Korea and guided the U.S.-led international pressure campaign.[39]


Commission Staff

The nineteen commission staff are Daniel Peck, Nargiza Salidjanova, Benjamin Frohman, Jameson Cunningham, Charles Horne, Alexander Bowe, Kendra Brock, Erik Castillo, Lauren Costello, Alexis Dale-Huang, Christopher Fioravante, Will Green, Sierra Janik, Anastasya L loyd-Damnjanovic, Kaj Malden, Leyton Nelson, Emma Rafaelof, Taylor Roth and Howard Wong.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ § 1238 of Title XII of H.R. 5408, the "Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001", enacted by reference by Pub.L. 106–398 (text) (pdf), H.R. 4205, 114 Stat. 1654, enacted October 30, 2000, codified at 22 U.S.C. § 7002
  2. ^ United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, "United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission".
  3. ^ United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission Fact Sheet
  4. ^ "Charter". USCC.
  5. ^ § 1238 of Title XII of H.R. 5408, the "Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001", enacted by reference by Pub.L. 106–398 (text) (pdf), H.R. 4205, 114 Stat. 1654, enacted October 30, 2000, codified at 22 U.S.C. § 7002
  6. ^ "US–China relations and the liberal world order: contending elites, colliding visions?". academic.oup. Oxford Academic.
  7. ^ Report to Congress to US-China Security Review Commission. USCC. p. 15-37.
  8. ^ 2004 Report to Congress of the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission. USCC. p. 231.
  9. ^ 2009 Report to Congress of the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission. USCC. p. 254.
  10. ^ "Same Bed, Different Dreams". ucpress.edu. University of California Press.
  11. ^ zhang, Shengtong. The Perception of the U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission toward China and its Influence on Sino-U.S. Relations (PDF). University of Dezhou. p. 155.
  12. ^ 2020 Report to Congress of the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission (PDF). USCC. p. 329-364.
  13. ^ zhang, Shengtong. The Perception of the U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission toward China and its Influence on Sino-U.S. Relations (PDF). University of Dezhou. p. 155.
  14. ^ "Charter". USCC.
  15. ^ "Job Opportunities". USCC.
  16. ^ "Charter". USCC.
  17. ^ "Hearing: China Trade/Sectoral and WTO Issues". USCC.gov. USCC.
  18. ^ "An Assessment of the CCP's Economic Ambitions, Plans, and Metrics of Success". USCC>gov. USCC.
  19. ^ zhang, Shengtong. The Perception of the U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission toward China and its Influence on Sino-U.S. Relations (PDF). University of Dezhou. p. 155.
  20. ^ "China's Healthcare System: Addressing Capacity Shortfalls before and after COVID-19". USS.gov. USCC.
  21. ^ "China's Corporate Social Credit System: Context, Competition, Technology and Geopolitics". USCC.gov. USCC.gov.
  22. ^ "U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION". USCC.gov. USCC.
  23. ^ zhang, Shengtong. The Perception of the U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission toward China and its Influence on Sino-U.S. Relations (PDF). University of Dezhou. p. 155.
  24. ^ "Charter". USCC.
  25. ^ United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, "United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission".
  26. ^ "Charter". USCC.
  27. ^ "USCC qualification".
  28. ^ United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission Commission Members
  29. ^ "Carolyn Bartholomew". ASPI.
  30. ^ "Robin Cleveland". BusinessWorld.
  31. ^ "Bob Borochoff". Twitter.
  32. ^ "Jeffrey Fiedler". boomberg.
  33. ^ "Kimberly T. Glas". USCC.
  34. ^ "Carte P. Goodwin". USCC.
  35. ^ "Roy D. Kamphausen" (PDF). NBA.
  36. ^ "Darek Scissors". Heritage.
  37. ^ "Hon. James M. Talent". USCC.
  38. ^ [Michael R. Wessel "Micheal R. Wessel"] Check |url= value (help). Bloomberg.
  39. ^ "Alex Wong". USCC.


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