Uutaalnganu

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"Kawadji" redirects here. For a neighboring group with that name, see Pontunj.

The Night Island Kawadji, or Uutaalnganu,[1] were an Indigenous Australian group of Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland.[2][3] The name is also used collectively for several tribes in this area, such as the Pontunj / Jangkonj (Yanganyu), whose language is unconfirmed.[4]

Name[]

Kawadji formerly referred to a people, who inhabited Night Island and the coastal strip opposite. It now refers primarily to a modern aggregation of six tribes, collectively known by the same ethnonym kawadji which means 'people of the sandbeach' (pama malnkana).[2][5] These tribes, the Umpithamu/Koko Ompindamo, Pakadji, Yintyingka, Otati, Umpila and Pontunj[6] were the traditional owners and users of the coastal areas east of the Great Dividing Range of northeastern Cape York from Oxford Bay to Princess Charlotte Bay.[7]

Language[]

See also: Kawadji language

The Night Island Kawadji spoke, according to Norman Tindale, Yankonyu, a dialect of the Umpila language spoken by the Umpila and Pontunj, to whom they were closely related.[8][9]

People[]

The traditional Kawadji of Night Island were a small population and intermarried with clans of the mainland Barungguan.[9]

Economy[]

The Night Island Kawadji were known for their skill in building and then employing double-outrigger wooden canoes (tango) in adventurous voyages to outlying reefs where they would hunt for dugong, turtles, and the eggs of both sea birds and turtles.[7]

Curiosity[]

Narcisse Pelletier survived a shipwreck of a French merchantman Saint Paul in 1858, when he was abandoned by the crew. He was taken in by the Kawadji/Pama Malngkana, with linguistic and other evidence pointing to the area of the Uutaalnganu. He stayed with them 17 years.[10]

Alternative names[]

The following list of alternative names refers to the original people of Night Island.

  • Kawadji (This term was also an exonym used by the Kaantju and other tribes within the interior, bearing the general sense of 'east' (kawai)
  • Night Island people[8]

Names of other peoples also called 'Kawadji' -

  • Mälnkänidji ( formed from malqkan (beach) and (-idja (a suffix meaning 'belonging to')
  • Jangkonju (a name for their language, shared by the Pontunj)
  • Yankonyu

Notes[]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Rigsby & Chase 2014, p. 313 n.4.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Tindale 1974.
  3. ^ Y211 Uutaalnganu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  4. ^ Y38 Yanganyu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  5. ^ Thomson 1933, pp. 457–458.
  6. ^ Thomson 1933, pp. 456–457.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Haddon 2011, p. 266.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Tindale 1974, p. 175.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Hale & Tindale 1933, p. 70.
  10. ^ Anderson 2009.

Sources[]

  • Haddon, A. C. (2011) [First published 1935]. Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-17986-7.
  • Hale, H. M.; Tindale, N.B. (1933). "Aborigines of Princess Charlotte Bay, North Queensland". Records of the South Australian Museum. Adelaide. 5 (1): 64–116.
  • Rigsby, Bruce; Chase, Athol (2014). "The Sandbeach People and Dugong hunters of Eastern Cape York Peninsula: property in land and sea country". In Peterson, Nicolas; Rigsby, Bruce (eds.). Customary marine tenure in Australia. Sydney University Press. pp. 307–350. ISBN 978-1-743-32389-2.
  • Sharp, R. Lauriston (March 1939). "Tribes and Totemism in North-East Australia". Oceania. 9 (3): 254–275. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1939.tb00232.x. JSTOR 40327744.
  • Anderson, Stephanie (2018) [2009]. Pelletier: The Forgotten Castaway of Cape York. Melbourne Books. ISBN 978-1-922-12902-4.
  • Thomson, Donald F. (1933). "The Hero Cult, Initiation and Totemism on Cape York". Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 63: 453–537. doi:10.2307/2843801. JSTOR 2843801.
  • Thomson, Donald F. (July–December 1934). "The Dugong Hunters of Cape York". Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 64: 237–263. doi:10.2307/2843809. JSTOR 2843809.
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Kawadji (QLD)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
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