Verbascum

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Verbascum
Verbascum sinuatum August 2007-1.jpg
Wavyleaf mullein, Verbascum sinuatum
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Tribe:
Genus: Verbascum
L.
Type species
Verbascum thapsus [1]
L.
Synonyms[2]
  • Celsia L.
  • Rhabdotosperma Hartl
  • Staurophragma Fisch. & C. A. Mey.

Verbascum is a genus of about 360 species of flowering plants, common name mullein (/ˈmʌlɪn/[3]), in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean.[4][5]

Mullein or "mullein leaf" often refers to the leaves of Verbascum thapsus, the great or common mullein, which is frequently used in herbal medicine.

Description[]

They are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to 0.5 to 3.0 m (1.6 to 9.8 ft) tall. The plants first form a dense rosette of leaves at ground level, subsequently sending up a tall flowering stem. Biennial plants form the rosette the first year and the stem the following season. The leaves are spirally arranged, often densely hairy, though glabrous (hairless) in some species. The flowers have five symmetrical petals; petal colours in different species include yellow (most common), orange, red-brown, purple, blue, or white. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous minute seeds.

Cultivation[]

Dark mullein (V. nigrum)

In gardening and landscaping, the mulleins are valued for their tall narrow stature and for flowering over a long period of time, even in dry soils.

These cultivars have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

  • 'Gainsborough' (Cotswold Group)[6]
  • 'Letitia'[7]
  • 'Pink Domino' (Cotswold Group)[8]
  • 'Tropic Sun'[9]

Other uses[]

See also: Verbascum_thapsus § Traditional_medicine

Plants of the genus have a long history of use as herbal remedies.[10] Although this plant is a recent arrival to North America, Native Americans used the ground seeds of V. thaspus as a paralytic fish poison due to their high levels of rotenone.[citation needed] Verbascum flowers have been used in traditional Austrian medicine internally (as tea) or externally (as ointment, tea, baths, or compresses) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, skin, veins, gastrointestinal tract, and the locomotor system.[11]

Species[]

These species are accepted as valid by The Plant List:[12]

  • (Bory & Chaub.) Kuntze
  • Heldr.
  • Bornm.
  • Podp.
  • Huber-Morath
  • Murb.
  • L.
  • Ten.
  • Schott
  • Degen
  • Schrad.
  • Vahl
  • Boiss.
  • Verbascum blattaria L.
  • L.
  • (Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.) Kuntze
  • Murb.
  • (Engl.) Hub.-Mor.
  • Verbascum bugulifolium Lam.
  • Hausskn. ex Murb.
  • Kar. & Kir.
  • Verbascum chaixii Vill.
  • (L.) Santapau
  • (L.f.) Cav.
  • Griseb.
  • (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kuntze
  • (Fauché & Chaub.) Fenzl
  • Murb.
  • Velen.
  • Boiss. & Heldr.
  • Verbascum densiflorum Bertol.
  • Delile
  • Borbás & Degen
  • Mattf. & Stef.
  • Gritzenko
  • Rohlena
  • Dane & G.Yılmaz
  • Verbascum epixanthinum Boiss. & Heldr.
  • Godr.
  • Karavel., Ocak & Ekici
  • Murb. & Rech.f.
  • (Boiss.) Freyn & Bornm.
  • Hub.-Mor.
  • Benth.
  • Friv.
  • Delile
  • M.Bieb.
  • Heldr. & Sart.
  • Heldr.
  • Sint. & Bornm. ex Halácsy
  • Parolly & Eren
  • Degen
  • Bornm.
  • Janka
  • Pančić
  • (Poir.) Kuntze
  • Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
  • Schrad.
  • Boiss. ex Benth.
  • Filar. & Jav.
  • Griseb.
  • Micevski
  • I.K.Ferguson
  • Verbascum litigiosum Samp.
  • Ten.
  • Verbascum lychnitis L.
  • Kosonin & Murb.
  • Boiss.
  • Ten.
  • Boiss. & Heldr.
  • Huber-Morath
  • Lam.
  • Boiss.
  • Rohlena
  • Verbascum nigrum L.
  • Ten.
  • Velen.
  • Takht.
  • C. Koch
  • (L.) All.
  • Murb.
  • Donn ex Sims
  • Karavel., Uzunh. & S.Çelik
  • Bordz.
  • Halácsy
  • Murb.
  • Verbascum phlomoides L.
  • Verbascum phoeniceum L.
  • Vahl
  • Stoj. & Stef.
  • Nyman
  • Vill.
  • (Janka) Hub.-Mor.
  • M.Bieb.
  • Halácsy
  • (Halácsy) I.K.Ferguson
  • Ten.
  • Waldst. & Kit.
  • (Davidov) I.K.Ferguson
  • Soldano
  • Ten.
  • Gritzenko
  • Tod. ex Lojac.
  • Benth.
  • Verbascum sinuatum L.
  • Schrenk
  • Verbascum speciosum Schrad.
  • L.
  • Kuntze
  • Boiss.
  • Verbascum thapsus L.
  • Lam.
  • (Rohlena) Rohlena
  • Freyn & Sint.
  • Verbascum virgatum Stokes
  • Griseb.
  • (Boiss.) I.K.Ferguson

See also[]

  • Mullein moth, a species in the order Lepidoptera which feeds on Verbascum and other plants.

References[]

  1. ^ Nathaniel Lord Britton; Addison Brown (1947). An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions from Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian. 3 (2nd ed.). New York Botanical Garden. p. 173.
  2. ^ "USDA GRIN Taxonomy". Retrieved February 11, 2014.
  3. ^ "mullein". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  4. ^ Sotoodeh, Arash (2018). "Focusing on three Verbascum L. taxa (Scrophulariaceae) of the Flora of Iran". Adansonia. 40 (13): 171. doi:10.5252/adansonia2018v40a13. S2CID 198148731.
  5. ^ Sotoodeh, Arash (2015). Histoire biogéographique et évolutive des genres Verbascum et Artemisia en Iran à l'aide de la phylogénie moléculaire. France: Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier.
  6. ^ "Verbascum 'Gainsborough' (Cotswold Group)". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  7. ^ "Verbascum 'Letitia'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  8. ^ "Verbascum 'Pink Domino' (Cotswold Group)". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  9. ^ "Verbascum 'Tropic Sun'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  10. ^ Tierra, Michael & John Lust (2003). The Natural Remedy Bible (revised and updated ed.). New York: Pocket Books. pp. 164, 180. ISBN 978-0-7434-6642-4.
  11. ^ Vogl, S; Picker, P.; Mihaly-Bison, J.; Fakhrudin, N.; Atanasov, A. G.; Heiss, E. H.; Wawrosch, C.; Reznicek, G.; Dirsch, V. M.; Saukel, J.; Kopp, B. (2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine—an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053.
  12. ^ "Verbascum". The Plant List. Retrieved 7 March 2017.

Further reading[]

External links[]

Retrieved from ""