Vital-Justin Grandin

The Most Reverend Venerable Vital-Justin Grandin OMI
Bishop of St. Albert
Vital-Justin Grandin, c. 1900
Diocese	Diocese of St. Albert
In office	1871–1902
Successor	Émile-Joseph Legal
Other post(s)	Bishop of Satala (titular)
Orders
Ordination	1854 (priest)
Consecration	1859
Personal details
Born	(1829-02-08)8 February 1829 Saint-Pierre-sur-Orthe, France
Died	3 June 1902(1902-06-03) (aged 73) St. Albert, Alberta, Canada
Denomination	Roman Catholic

Vital-Justin Grandin (8 February 1829 – 3 June 1902) was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop known as a key architect of the Canadian Indian residential school system, which has been labeled an instrument of cultural genocide. In June 2021, this led to governments and private businesses to begin removing his name from institutions and infrastructure previously named for him. He served the Church in the western parts of what is now Canada both before and after Confederation. He is also the namesake or co-founder of various small communities and neighbourhoods in the Province of Alberta, Canada - especially those of Francophone residents.

Early life[]

Grandin was born in Saint-Pierre-sur-Orthe, France, on 8 February 1829. He was the ninth son in a family of fourteen children of Jean Grandin and Marie Veillard. He was ordained as a priest in 1854; one month later he was sent by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate to Canada to perform missionary work in what was then Rupert's Land. Upon arrival he was sent to Saint-Boniface, where Bishop Alexandre-Antonin Taché was in charge. Grandin was subsequently assigned to a mission at Fort Chipewyan (now in Alberta). He next served at Île-à-la-Crosse (now in Saskatchewan) for a number of years.^[1]

Life as bishop[]

In 1867, Taché proposed that the vicariate of Saskatchewan be formed with Grandin as vicar of missions. This took place in 1868; in the same year, Grandin attended the council of Quebec bishops in 1868 to discuss new religious boundaries in the Canadian northwest. As a result of these discussions, St. Boniface was elevated and the suffragan diocese of St Albert was created. In 1871, Vital-Justin Grandin was appointed bishop.^[2]

Grandin was an early supporter of the Canadian Indian residential school system, believing that they faced extinction and the best way for Indigenous Peoples "to become civilized" and avoid destruction was to educate the young with the "consent of their parents."^[3]:159​ In 1880 he wrote a letter to then Public Works Minister Hector-Louis Langevin explaining that boarding schools were the best way to ensure children "forget the customs, habits & language of their ancestors".^[3]:159​

The 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada states that he had "led the campaign for residential schooling," convinced that parents would willingly give their children to boarding schools. He wrote, “The poor Indians wish nothing more than the happiness of their children. They foresee well enough the future which awaits them and often beg of us to take them so that we can prepare them for a better prospect.”^[3]:159​ In a letter to Canada's first Prime Minister John A. Macdonald, Grandin stressed the "success" that had been achieved at the missionary boarding schools, and reported, “The children whom we have brought up are no longer Indians & at the time of leaving our Establishments, the boys at least, do not wish to receive even the ordinary grants made to Indians, they wish to live like the whites and they are able to do so.” Given these "successes", he proposed that the government “make a trial of letting us have children of five years old and leaving them in our Orphan Asylums & Industrial schools until the time of their marriage or the age of 21 years.” For this cause, he made the trip to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, to directly lobby the government as well as the upper echelons of the Catholic bureaucracy.^[3]:159​ His efforts were later described by commentators in 2021 as an implementation of cultural genocide.^[4]

Grandin was never completely healthy; he had been a sickly child and also had a speech impediment, and his health deteriorated during his later years. As bishop, he presided over the development and expansion of the Diocese of St. Albert, including the founding of new missions and churches throughout Alberta and the construction of hospitals and schools which, unusually for the time, were administered by members of female religious orders and lay clergy. Grandin's efforts to increase Francophone settlement in Alberta were less successful, but many Francophone communities founded at the behest of Grandin (such as Beaumont, Lacombe, and Morinville) still exist in central and Northern Alberta.^[2]

Bishop Grandin died in office on 3 June 1902. He was declared venerable by the Roman Catholic Church in 1966.^[2]

Upon his death, Grandin was succeeded by Bishop Émile-Joseph Legal in the St. Albert diocese.

Legacy[]

Many institutions were named for Grandin during the 20th century, including Edmonton-area businesses, schools, and city infrastructure.^[5][6] This included public murals painted in homage of him, as late as 1989,^[7] which were one of the first items related to Grandin to come under scrutiny in 2011, when an Indigenous working group in Edmonton found the mural glorified residential schooling "and of all the horrors of the cultural genocide that entailed."^[8] In June 2021, after the discovery of an unmarked grave site of Indigenous children outside a former residential school in Kamloops, British Columbia, Edmonton and St. Albert city officials, as well as private businesses, began removing his name in reaction to a strengthening public condemnation of his role in creating the Indigenous residential school system.^[6][5] Similar pushes to remove his name also occurred in other cities, including the Canadian cities of Winnipeg^[4] and Calgary,^[9] as well as smaller communities like South Indian Lake, Manitoba.^[10]

Buildings and businesses the Grandin name has been removed from[]

• June 9, 2021: The city of Edmonton votes to rename the Grandin LRT station and remove a mural of Grandin displayed in the station.^[11]
• June 15, 2021: Grandin Fish ‘n’ Chips restaurant renames to Prairie Fish ‘n’ Chips^[12]
• June 28, 2021: Edmonton Catholic Schools votes to rename Grandin School and remove a mural depicting Bishop Grandin on an exterior wall of the school^[13][14]
• June 28, 2021: Calgary Catholic School District votes to rename Bishop Grandin High School to Haysboro Catholic High School^[15]
• June 28, 2021: In a Special Public Meeting, Greater St. Albert Catholic Schools' unanimously approved a motion to change the name of Vital Grandin Catholic Elementary School by Sept. 30, 2021. Signage was removed from the school building immediately following the decision.^[16]

See also[]

• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton
• Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada

Notes[]

External links[]

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Catholic Missions of Canada
• Biography from the Manitoba Historical Society
• Biography from the Alberta Online Encyclopedia
• Portrait Photo