Vivendi Games
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![]() Vivendi Universal Games' headquarters in Los Angeles in 2001 | |
Formerly |
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Type | Division |
Industry | Video games |
Founded | July 24, 1996Torrance, California | in
Defunct | July 10, 2008 |
Fate | Merged with Activision |
Successor | Activision Blizzard |
Headquarters | Los Angeles, California , U.S. |
Area served | North America, Europe |
Key people | Bruce Hack (CEO) |
Parent |
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Vivendi Games was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). On July 10, 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.
History[]
CUC/Cendant[]
On February 21, 1996, CUC International announced its intention to acquire Davidson & Associates (including Blizzard Entertainment) and Sierra On-Line, two American video game companies, in a US$1.8 billion stock swap.[1] The deal closed on July 24, 1996.[2] CUC International previously only operated membership shopping clubs, wherefore analysts were surprised by the company's move into the software industry.[1]
Subsequently, following the acquisitions, CUC International established CUC Software around the Torrance, California-based operations of Davidson & Associates to oversee the new video game properties.[3] Under that new umbrella, both Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line would act independently from CUC International.[4] Bod Davidson, co-founder of Davidson & Associates, became chairman and chief executive of the new establishment.[5] On November 5 that year, CUC International announced that they would additionally acquire Knowledge Adventure, another developer, in a stock deal valued between $50 million and US$100 million.[5] The acquisition was completed on February 3, 1997.[3] On February 10, Davidson announced that he had stepped down from his positions at CUC Software, and that his wife, Jan, ceased as president of Davidson & Associates, while both Davidsons stayed on CUC International's board of directors.[3] Christopher McLeod, an executive vice-president for CUC International, took over CUC Software in Bob Davidson's place.[3] In April 1997, CUC International acquired Berkeley Systems for an undisclosed sum.[6]
On May 28, 1997, CUC International announced plans to merge with Hospitality Franchise Systems to create a single, "one-stop" entity.[7][8] The merger was finalized in December that year and created Cendant.[9] As a result of the merger, CUC Software was renamed Cendant Software.[10]
Havas/Vivendi[]
On November 20, 1998, French media company Havas (acquired by Vivendi earlier that year) announced that it would acquire Cendant Software for $800 million in cash, with up to an additional $200 million contingent on its performance.[11][12] Subsequently, the division was renamed Havas Interactive.[13]
On May 16, 2001, Havas Interactive was renamed Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing, while Havas itself became Vivendi Universal Publishing.[14] The new name was likely due to the merger between Universal and Vivendi; the company also received ownership of properties from Universal Interactive Studios. Under the new name, the company was split into two parts: Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing North America and Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing International, both of which took responsibility for their respective publishing regions.[14] On November 13, 2001, both parts were streamlined under the name Vivendi Universal Games.[15]
When Vivendi Universal sold all of its media operations to General Electric in October 2003, Vivendi Universal held on to Vivendi Universal Games, which was re-organized as a direct division of the conglomerate.[16] On March 3, 2006, with the sale completed, Vivendi Universal announced they would be dropping the "Universal" part of their name.[17] The same day, the company opened a mobile games division known as Vivendi Universal Games Mobile.[18]
Merger with Activision[]
In December 2007, American publisher Activision announced a proposed merger deal with Vivendi Games that would create a new holding company named Activision Blizzard.[19][20] The deal was approved by Activision's shareholders on July 8, 2008,[20] and the merger was finalized on July 10, creating Activision Blizzard while dissolving Vivendi Games.[21] Bruce Hack, who served as chief executive officer of Vivendi Games, became vice-chairman and chief corporate officer of the new company.[21] Many of Vivendi Games' properties were later dropped by Activision, citing that they would not make for a good fit for the company's long-term strategy.[22]
Subsidiaries[]
Publishers[]
Name | Founded or acquired | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Black Label Games | August 2002 | [23][24] |
Fox Interactive | March 2003[a] | [25] |
NDA Productions | [26] | |
Sierra Entertainment | July 1996 | [27] |
Universal Interactive | June 2000[b] | [28][29] |
Vivendi Games Mobile | March 2006 | [30] |
Former[]
Centerscore | September 2006 | [31][32] |
Developers[]
Name | Founded or acquired | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Blizzard Entertainment | March 1994 | [33] |
Berkeley Systems | April 1997 | [34] |
Davidson & Associates | July 1996 | [35] |
High Moon Studios | January 2006 | [36] |
Massive Entertainment | October 2002 | [37][38] |
Radical Entertainment | March 2005 | [39][40] |
Swordfish Studios | June 2005 | [41] |
Wanako Games | February 2007 | [42][43][44] |
Former[]
Knowledge Adventure | February 1997 | [45][46] |
Coktel Vision | 1996 |
Games[]
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ a b Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). "CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion". The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ "CUC INTERNATIONAL INC. COMPLETES ACQUISITIONS OF DAVIDSON & ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SIERRA ON-LINE, INC". PR Newswire. July 24, 1996.
- ^ a b c d KAPLAN, KAREN (February 10, 1997). "Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit". Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
- ^ HELM, LESLIE (February 21, 1996). "Marketer CUC to Buy Davidson & Associates". Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
- ^ a b KAPLAN, KAREN (November 6, 1996). "CUC Will Buy Knowledge Adventure". Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
- ^ "CUC Buys Content Maker Berkeley Systems". Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ Bagli, Charles V. (May 28, 1997). "$11 Billion Merger Plan Would Join HFS and CUC". The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ "CUC-HFS Merger Deal to Create Strong One-Stop-Shopping Entity". Associated Press. May 28, 1997. Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
- ^ Jebens, Harley (April 28, 2000). "CUC Gets Renamed". gamespot.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ "CUC Now Cendant". Game Developer. UBM TechWeb. March 1998. p. 13.
- ^ Hansell, Saul (November 20, 1998). "Cendant Said to Near Sale of Software Division". The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ "Cendant Sells Software Unit". Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ "Vivendi's High Wireless Act". Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ a b "Havas Interactive Changes Name To Vivendi". gamasutra.com. May 16, 2001. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ Graser, Marc (November 15, 2001). "Viv U streamlines games". variety.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ "General Electric buys Vivendi media empire". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ "Vivendi Universal to shorten company name". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ Maragos, Nich (March 3, 2006). "Gamasutra - The Art & Business of Making Games". www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ Rosmarin, Rachel. "Vivendi To Merge With Activision". forbes.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ a b Alexander, Leigh. "Activision Blizzard Merger Official". kotaku.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ a b Alexander, Leigh. "Activision Blizzard Merger Finalized". kotaku.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ Pattison, Narayan (July 29, 2008). "Activision Drops Several Vivendi Games". IGN.
- ^ Varanini, Giancarlo (August 13, 2002). "Vivendi creates new studio". gamespot.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ IGN Staff (August 13, 2002). "VU Creates Black Label Games". ign.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ Pham, Alex (March 11, 2003). "Fox Sells Video Game Division to Vivendi". Retrieved July 22, 2018 – via LA Times.
- ^ IGN Staff (November 13, 2002). "Europe Gets Hard Early". ign.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). "CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion". The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ "Buy Low, Sell High: Vivendi's History in Video Games". Kotaku UK. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ Teather, David (June 19, 2000). "Vivendi seals merger". the Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ Maragos, Nich (March 3, 2006). "Gamasutra - The Art & Business of Making Games". www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ "Vivendi acquires Centerscore". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ Dobson, Jason (September 12, 2006). "Vivendi Acquires Centerscore, Expands Mobile Portfolio". gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ Takahashi, Dean (March 1, 1994). "Technology". Retrieved July 22, 2018 – via LA Times.
- ^ "2K Madrid". 2K Madrid. Archived from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
- ^ Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). "CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion". The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ^ "Vivendi Universal acquires High Moon Studios". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ "Vivendi Universal Publishing announces the acquisition of Massive Entertainment - Blue's News". www.bluesnews.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ Parker, Sam (October 3, 2002). "Vivendi Universal acquires Massive Entertainment". gamespot.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ "VU Games acquires Simpsons: Hit & Run developer Radical Entertainment". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ Jenkins, David (March 23, 2005). "Gamasutra - The Art & Business of Making Games". www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ "Vivendi nets Swordfish in new acquisition deal". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ "Vivendi Acquires Assault Heroes Developer". Wired. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ Boyer, Brandon (February 20, 2007). "Vivendi Acquires Wanako Games". gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ "Vivendi acquires Wanako Games". engadget.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ KAPLAN, KAREN (February 10, 1997). "Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit". Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
- ^ "Vivendi Universal sells educational games division". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- 1996 establishments in California
- 2008 disestablishments in California
- Activision Blizzard
- American companies established in 1996
- Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
- Defunct companies based in Greater Los Angeles
- Defunct video game companies of the United States
- Former Vivendi subsidiaries
- Holding companies of the United States
- Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles
- Video game companies based in California
- Video game companies disestablished in 2008
- Video game companies established in 1996
- Video game publishers