Voiced bilabial plosive

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Voiced bilabial plosive
b
IPA Number102
Encoding
Entity (decimal)b
Unicode (hex)U+0062
X-SAMPAb
Braille⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
Audio sample
0:00
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The voiced bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨b⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter ⟨b⟩ in obey [obeɪ] (obeI).

Features[]

Features of the voiced bilabial stop:

  • Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
  • Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Varieties[]

IPA Description
b plain b
bʷ labialised
b̜ʷ semi-labialised
b̹ʷ strongly labialised
bʲ palatalised
bʱ breathy voiced
bˠ velarised

Occurrence[]

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe бгъу/bġ° About this sound[bʁʷə] (help·info) 'nine'
Arabic Standard[1] باب‎/baab/bāb [baːb] 'door' See Arabic phonology
Assyrian ܒܒܐ baba [baːba] 'father'
Armenian Eastern[2] բարի/bari About this sound[bɑˈɾi] (help·info) 'kind'
Basque bero [beɾo] 'hot'
Bengali বলো/balo [bɔlo] 'say!' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
Catalan[3] bèstia [ˈbɛstiə] 'beast' See Catalan phonology
Chinese Southern Min 閩/ ban [ban] 'Fujian province' Only in colloquial speech.
Wu 皮/ bi [bi] 'skin'
Xiang 浮/ baw [bau] 'to float'
Czech bota [ˈbota] 'boot' See Czech phonology
Dutch[4] boer [buːr] 'farmer' See Dutch phonology
English aback About this sound[əˈbæk] 'aback' See English phonology
Esperanto batalo [baˈtalo] 'war' See Esperanto phonology
Filipino buto [buto] 'bone'
French[5] boue [bu] 'mud' See French phonology
Georgian[6] ბავშვი/ bavšvi [ˈbavʃvi] 'child'
German aber About this sound[ˈäːbɐ] 'but' See Standard German phonology
Greek μπόχα / bócha [ˈbo̞xa] 'reek' See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati બક્રી/bakri [bəkri] 'goat' See Gujarati phonology
Hebrew בית‎/báyit [bajit] 'house' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindi बाल / bāl [bäːl] 'hair' Contrasts with aspirated version ⟨भ⟩. See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian baba [ˈbɒbɒ] 'baby' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[7] bile [ˈbile] 'rage' See Italian phonology
Japanese[8] 番 / ban [baɴ] '(one's) turn' See Japanese phonology
Kabardian бгъуы/bg"uy About this sound[bʁʷə] (help·info) 'nine'
Korean 지붕 / jibung [t͡ɕibuŋ] 'roof' See Korean phonology
Kurdish Northern bav [bɑːv] 'father' See Kurdish phonology
Central باوک/bâwk [bɑːwk]
Southern باوگ/bâwig [bɑːwɨg]
Luxembourgish[9] geblosen [ɡ̊əˈbloːzən] 'blown' More often voiceless [p].[9] See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonian убав/ubav [ˈubav] 'beautiful' See Macedonian phonology
Malay baru [bäru] 'new'
Maltese għatba [aːtˈba] 'threshold'
Marathi बटाटा / baṭāṭā [bəˈʈaːʈaː] 'potato' See Marathi phonology
Nepali बाटो / bāṭo [bäʈo] 'path' See Nepali phonology
Norwegian bål [ˈbɔːl] 'bonfire' See Norwegian phonology
Odia ବାର/barô [bärɔ] 'twelve' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Persian خوب‎/ xub [xub] 'good' See Persian phonology
Pirahã pibaóí [ˈpìbàóí̯] 'parent'
Polish[10] bas About this sound[bäs] (help·info) 'bass' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[11] bato [ˈbatʊ] 'I strike' See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi ਬਿੱਲੀ/billī [bɪlːi] 'cat'
Romanian[12] bou [bow] 'bull' See Romanian phonology.
Russian[13] рыба/ryba [ˈrɨbə] 'fish' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[14] биће / biće [bǐːt͡ɕě] 'creature' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak byť [bi̞c̟] 'to be'
Spanish[15] invertir [ĩmbe̞ɾˈt̪iɾ] 'to invest' See Spanish phonology
Swedish bra [ˈbɾɑː] 'good' May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology
Thai บำบัด/bam-bàt [bam.bat̚] 'therapy' See Thai phonology
Turkish bulut [ˈbuɫut̪] 'cloud' See Turkish phonology
Tyap bai [bai] 'to come'
Ukrainian[16] брат / brat [brɑt̪] 'brother' See Ukrainian phonology
Urdu بال‎/bāl [bɑːl] 'hair' Contrasts with aspirated version(بھ). See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Welsh mab [mɑːb] 'son' See Welsh phonology
West Frisian bak [bak] 'tray'
Yi ꁧ / bbo [bo˧] 'mountain'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[17] bald [bald] 'few'

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Thelwall (1990:37)
  2. ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:13)
  3. ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  4. ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  5. ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  6. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  7. ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  8. ^ Okada (1999:117)
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
  10. ^ Jassem (2003:103)
  11. ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  12. ^ DEX Online : [1]
  13. ^ Padgett (2003:42)
  14. ^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 66.
  15. ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
  16. ^ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  17. ^ Merrill (2008:108)

References[]

  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
  • Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0

External links[]

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