Voiceless labiodental fricative

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Voiceless labiodental fricative
f
IPA Number128
Encoding
Entity (decimal)f
Unicode (hex)U+0066
X-SAMPAf
Braille⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
Audio sample
0:00
source · help
Voiceless labiodental approximant
ʋ̥
IPA Number150 402A
Encoding
X-SAMPAP_0

The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.

Some scholars also posit the voiceless labiodental approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨ʋ̥⟩. The distinction is not recognized by the International Phonetic Association.

Features[]

Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:

  • Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Its place of articulation is labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the centrallateral dichotomy does not apply.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence[]

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz фы/fy [fə] 'lightning' See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe тфы/tfy About this sound[tfə]  'five' Corresponds to [xʷ] in Kabardian and Proto-Circassian
Albanian faqe [facɛ] 'cheek'
Arabic Modern Standard[1] ظرف‎/th'arf [ðˤɑrf] 'envelope' See Arabic phonology
Armenian Eastern[2] ֆուտբոլ/futbol About this sound[fut̪bol]  'football'
Assyrian ܦܬܐ pata [fɔθɔ] 'face' Used mostly by Western speakers; corresponds to /p/ in most other dialects.
Assamese বৰ/borof [bɔɹɔf] 'snow/ice'
Azeri fəng [t̪y̆fæɲɟ] 'ɡun'
Basque fin [fin] 'thin'
Bengali ফু/ful [ful] 'flower' Allophone of /pʰ/. See Bengali phonology
Catalan[3] fase [ˈfazə] 'phase' See Catalan phonology
Chechen факс / faks [faks] 'fax'
Chinese Cantonese / fēi About this sound[fei̯˥] 'to fly' See Cantonese phonology
Mandarin (traditional) / (simplified) / fēi About this sound[feɪ̯˥] See Mandarin phonology
Coptic ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ/ftoow [ftow] 'four'
Czech foukat [ˈfoʊ̯kat] 'to blow' See Czech phonology
Dutch[4] fiets [fits] 'bike' See Dutch phonology
English All dialects fill About this sound[fɪɫ] 'fill' See English phonology
Cockney[5] think [fɪŋk] 'think' Socially marked,[6] with speakers exhibiting some free variation with [θ] (with which it corresponds to in other dialects).[7] See th-fronting.
Many British urban dialects[8]
Some younger New Zealanders[9][10]
Broad South African[11] More common word-finally.
Indian South African[12] fair [ʋ̥eː] 'fair' Described as an approximant. Corresponds to /f/ in other accents.
Esperanto fajro [ˈfajɾo] 'fire' See Esperanto phonology
Ewe[13] eflen [éflé̃] 'he spit off'
French[14] fabuleuse [fäbyˈløːz̪] 'fabulous' See French phonology
Galician faísca [faˈiska] 'spark' See Galician phonology
German fade [ˈfaːdə] 'bland' See Standard German phonology
Goemai f'at' [fat] 'to blow'
Greek φύση / fysī [ˈfisi] 'nature' See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati / faļ [fəɭ] 'fruit' See Gujarati phonology
Hebrew סופר‎/sofer [so̞fe̞ʁ] 'writer' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindustani साफ़ / صاف‎/saaf [sɑːf] 'clean' See Hindustani phonology
Hungarian figyel [ˈfiɟɛl] 'he/she pays attention' See Hungarian phonology
Indonesian vandalisme [fandalismə] 'vandalism' See Indonesian phonology
Italian fantasma [fän̪ˈt̪äzmä] 'ghost' See Italian phonology
Kabardian фыз/fyz [fəz] 'woman' Corresponds to [ʂʷ] in Adyghe and Proto-Circassian
Kabyle afus [afus] 'hand'
Macedonian фонетика/fonetika [fɔnetika] 'phonetics' See Macedonian phonology
Malay feri [feri] 'ferry' Only occurs in loanwords
Maltese fenek [fenek] 'rabbit'
Norwegian filter [filtɛɾ] 'filter' See Norwegian phonology
Persian فکر/fekr [fekr] 'thought'
Polish[15] futro About this sound[ˈfut̪rɔ]  'fur' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[16] fala [ˈfalɐ] 'speech' See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi ਫ਼ੌਜੀ/faujī [fɔːd͡ʒi] 'soldier'
Romanian[17] foc [fo̞k] 'fire' See Romanian phonology
Russian[18] орфография/orfografiya [ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə] 'orthography' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[19] фаза / faza [fǎːz̪ä] 'phase' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak fúkať [ˈfu̞ːkäc̟] 'to blow' See Slovak phonology
Somali feex [fɛħ] 'wart' See Somali phonology
Spanish[20] fantasma [fã̠n̪ˈt̪a̠zma̠] 'ghost' See Spanish phonology
Swahili kufa [kufɑ] 'to die'
Swedish fisk [ˈfɪsk] 'fish' See Swedish phonology
Thai /fon [fon˩˩˦] 'rain'
Turkish saf [säf] 'pure' See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian[21] Фастів/fastiv [ˈfɑsʲtʲiw] 'Fastiv' See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese[22] pháo [faːw˧ˀ˥] 'firecracker' See Vietnamese phonology
Welsh ffon [fɔn] 'stick' See Welsh phonology
West Frisian fol [foɫ] 'full' See West Frisian phonology
Yi / fu [fu˧] 'roast'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[23] cafe [kafɘ] 'coffee' Used primarily in loanwords from Spanish

See also[]

  • List of phonetics topics

Notes[]

  1. ^ Thelwall (1990:37)
  2. ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:18)
  3. ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  4. ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  5. ^ Wells (1982), p. 328.
  6. ^ Altendorf (1999), p. 7.
  7. ^ Clark & Trousdale (2010), p. 309.
  8. ^ Britain (2005), p. 1005.
  9. ^ Wood (2003), p. 50.
  10. ^ Gordon & Maclagan (2008), p. 74.
  11. ^ Bowerman (2004), p. 939.
  12. ^ Mesthrie (2004), p. 960.
  13. ^ Ladefoged (2005:156)
  14. ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  15. ^ Jassem (2003:103)
  16. ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  17. ^ DEX Online : [1]
  18. ^ Padgett (2003:42)
  19. ^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  20. ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
  21. ^ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  22. ^ Thompson (1959:458–461)
  23. ^ Merrill (2008:109)

References[]

  • Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominic (2004), "The dialects in the South of England: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 181–196, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Bowerman, Sean (2004), "White South African English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 931–942, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Britain, David (2005), "Innovation diffusion: "Estuary English" and local dialect differentiation: The survival of Fenland Englishes", Linguistics, 43 (5): 995–1022, doi:10.1515/ling.2005.43.5.995, S2CID 144652354
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
  • Clark, Lynn; Trousdale, Graeme (2010), "A cognitive approach to quantitative sociolinguistic variation: Evidence from th-fronting in Central Scotland", in Geeraerts, Dirk; Kristiansen, Gitte; Peirsman, Yves (eds.), Advances in Cognitive Linguistics, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-022645-4
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
  • Danylenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
  • Gordon, Elizabeth; Maclagan, Margaret (2008), "Regional and social differences in New Zealand: Phonology", in Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd (eds.), Varieties of English, 3: The Pacific and Australasia, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 64–76, ISBN 978-3110208412
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Mesthrie, Rajend (2004), "Indian South African English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 953–963, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
  • Wells, John C. (1982), Accents of English, 2: The British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-24224-X
  • Wood, Elizabeth (2003), "TH-fronting: The substitution of f/v for θ/ð in New Zealand English", New Zealand English Journal, 17: 50–56
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0

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