W. W. Jacobs

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W. W. Jacobs
Portrait of Jacobs by Elliott & Fry
Portrait of Jacobs by Elliott & Fry
BornWilliam Wymark Jacobs
(1863-09-08)8 September 1863
Wapping, Middlesex, England
Died1 September 1943(1943-09-01) (aged 79)
Islington, London, England
OccupationShort story writer, novelist
NationalityEnglish
Period1885–1943

William Wymark Jacobs (8 September 1863 – 1 September 1943) was an English author of mainly comic fiction.[1] He wrote occasional horror stories and is best remembered for "The Monkey's Paw." He was born in Wapping, London on 8 September 1863, the son of William Gage Jacobs and his wife Sophia, née Wymark.[2] His father managed the South Devon wharf at Lower East. William and his siblings were still young when their mother died. Their father then married his housekeeper and had seven children by her.[3] Jacobs attended a private London school and then Birkbeck College (Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution, now part of the University of London),[4] where he made friends with William Pett Ridgcap

Early work[]

In 1879, Jacobs began work as a clerk in the Post Office Savings Bank. By 1885 he had his first short story published, but success came slowly. Yet Arnold Bennett in 1898 was astonished to hear that Jacobs had turned down £500 for six short stories. He was financially secure enough to be able to leave the post office in 1899.

Literature[]

Jacobs is remembered for a macabre tale, "The Monkey's Paw", (published 1902 in a short-story collection, The Lady of the Barge)[5] and several other ghost stories, including "The Toll House" (from the 1909 collection Sailors' Knots) and "Jerry Bundler" (from the 1901 Light Freights).[5][6] Most of his work was humorous. His favourite subject was marine life – "men who go down to the sea in ships of moderate tonnage," said Punch, reviewing his first collection, Many Cargoes,[7] which gained popular success on publication in 1896.

Michael Sadleir has said of Jacobs's fiction, "He wrote stories of three kinds: describing the misadventures of sailor-men ashore; celebrating the artful dodger of a slow-witted village; and tales of the macabre."[8]

W. W. Jacobs

Many Cargoes was followed by the novel The Skipper's Wooing in 1897, and another collection of short stories, Sea Urchins (1898), confirmed his popularity. Other titles included Captains All, Sailors' Knots, and Night Watches. The title of the last reflects the popularity of an enduring character: the night-watchman on the wharf in Wapping, recounting the preposterous adventures of his acquaintances Ginger Dick, Sam Small, and Peter Russet. These three characters, pockets full after a long voyage, took lodgings together, set on enjoying a long spell ashore, but the crafty inhabitants of dockland London soon relieved them of their funds, assisted by their own fecklessness and credulity. Jacobs showed a delicacy of touch in his use of the coarse vernacular of the East End of London, which attracted the respect of such writers as P. G. Wodehouse, who mentions Jacobs in his autobiographical work Bring on the Girls!, written with Guy Bolton and published in 1954.

The stories in Many Cargoes had varied previous serial publication, while those in Sea Urchins were for the most part published in Jerome K. Jerome's Idler. From October 1898, Jacobs's stories appeared in the Strand, which provided him with financial security almost up to his death.

John Drinkwater described Jacobs' fiction as "in the Dickens tradition".[4]

Dramatic work[]

Jacobs's short-story output declined somewhat around the time of the First World War. His literary efforts thereafter were mainly adaptations of his own short stories for the stage. His first stage work, The Ghost of Jerry Bundler, opened in London in 1899, was revived in 1902 and was eventually published in 1908. He wrote 18 plays altogether, some in collaboration.

Personal life[]

Jacobs married Agnes Eleanor Williams in 1900 at West Ham, Essex. Agnes was later a noted suffragette. The 1901 Census records their living with a first child, a three-month-old daughter, at Kings Place Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Also recorded in the household were his journalist sister Amy, his sister-in-law, Nancy Williams, a cook, and an additional domestic servant. Altogether the Jacobs had two sons and three daughters.[9]

Jacobs went on to set up home in Loughton, Essex, first at the Outlook in Park Hill, and then at Feltham House in Goldings Hill, which bears a blue plaque to him. Loughton is the "Claybury" of some of the stories; Jacobs's love for the local forest scenery features in "Land Of Cockaigne". Another blue plaque appears on Jacobs's central London residence at 15 Gloucester Gate, Regents Park (later held by the Prince of Wales's Institute of Architecture).

Jacobs stated that after his youthful left-wing opinions, his political position in later years was "Conservative and Individualistic".[4]

On 7 January 1914, in King's Hall, Covent Garden, Jacobs was a member of the jury in the mock trial of John Jasper for the murder of Edwin Drood. At this all-star event G. K. Chesterton was Judge and George Bernard Shaw appeared as foreman of the jury.[10]

W. W. Jacobs died on 1 September 1943 at Hornsey Lane, Islington, London, at the age of 79. An obituary in The Times (2 September 1943) described him as "Quiet, gentle and modest... not fond of large functions and crowds." Ian Hay remarked, "He invented an entirely new form of humorous narrative. Its outstanding characteristics were compression and understatement."[11]

Bibliography[]

  • Many Cargoes, 1896
  • The Skipper's Wooing and The Brown Man's Servant, 1897 (novel and novella)
  • More Cargoes, 1897
  • Sea Urchins, 1898 (also known as More Cargoes, US)
  • A Master of Craft, 1900
  • Light Freights, 1901
  • The Lady of the Barge, 1902 (contains "The Monkey's Paw")
  • Dialstone Lane, 1902
  • At Sunwich Port, 1902
  • Odd Craft, 1903 (contains "The Money Box")
  • Captains All, 1905
  • Short Cruises, 1907
  • Salthaven, 1908
  • Sailors' Knots, 1909 (contains "The Toll House")
  • Ship's Company, 1911
  • Night Watches, 1914
  • The Castaways, 1916
  • Deep Waters, 1919
  • Sea Whispers, 1926

Film adaptations[]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "FORTH COMING BOOKS.; W.W. Jacobs's New Collection of Short Stories -- A Social Progress Series". 6 April 1907. Retrieved 11 May 2021 – via NYTimes.com.
  2. ^ Wooten, Bud; Kennedy, Connor; Celello, Kayla; Chasek, Lane; Werner, Lia; Brown, Taylor (26 October 2016). "Unexplained Circumstance: An anthology of Supernatural literature". Lulu.com. Retrieved 11 May 2021 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Loughton and District Historical Society Newsletter, No. 186. September/October 2010, p. 6. [1]
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Jacobs, William", in Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft, Twentieth Century Authors, A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature, (Third Edition). New York, The H. W. Wilson Company, 1950, pp. 721–723.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Norman Donaldson, "W. W. Jacobs", E. F. Bleiler, ed. Supernatural Fiction Writers. New York: Scribner's, 1985, pp. 383–388. ISBN 0684178087
  6. ^ Mike Ashley, Who's Who in Horror and Fantasy Fiction. Elm Tree Books, 1977, ISBN 0-241-89528-6, p. 102.
  7. ^ Lemon, Mark; Mayhew, Henry; Taylor, Tom; Brooks, Shirley; Burnand, F. C. (Francis Cowley); Seaman, Owen. "Punch". [London, Punch Publications Ltd., etc.] Retrieved 11 May 2021 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ John Sutherland, The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1990. ISBN 0804718423, pp. 324–325.
  9. ^ Michael Sadleir "Jacobs, William Wymark (1863–1943)", rev. Sayoni Basu, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2004 Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  10. ^ Programme, The Trial of John Jasper for the Murder of Edwin Drood, at King's Hall, Covent Garden, January 7th 1914. Copy in a private collection, annotated by the original owner.)
  11. ^ Sandra Kemp, Charlotte Mitchell and David Trotter, eds., "Jacobs, W. W.", The Oxford Companion to Edwardian Fiction, Oxford: OUP, 1997, ISBN 9780191727382

External links[]

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