Weill Cornell Medical Center

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Weill Cornell Medical Center
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
New York-Presbyterian Hospital logo.svg
NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg
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Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Geography
Location525 East 68th Street, New York City, New York, United States
Coordinates40°45′53″N 73°57′14″W / 40.764690°N 73.953960°W / 40.764690; -73.953960Coordinates: 40°45′53″N 73°57′14″W / 40.764690°N 73.953960°W / 40.764690; -73.953960
Organization
TypeTeaching
Affiliated universityWeill Cornell Medicine
Services
Emergency departmentLevel I Trauma Center[1]
Level II Pediatric Trauma Center
Beds862 in current Upper East Side location[2]
History
Opened1771
Links
ListsHospitals in New York

NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, previously known as New York Hospital,[4] or Old New York Hospital or City Hospital, is a research hospital in New York City that is part of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and is the teaching hospital for Cornell University. The hospital was founded in 1771 with a charter from King George III, and is the second oldest hospital in Manhattan, New York City, and the third oldest in the United States. Since 1912 New York Hospital has been the main teaching hospital for Weill Cornell Medicine.[5] It was originally located on Broadway between Duane Street and Anthony Street (now Worth Street),[6][7] and moved to its current location in New York City's Upper East Side in 1932.[8] In 1998 it merged with Presbyterian Hospital to form NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital.

History[]

First location
1852 map showing New York Hospital on Broadway in between Duane and Worth Streets, with Church street to the rear
1800 view from the front
The West 15th Street facade of the hospital's second building, near 5th Avenue, in 1893

The origin of the New York Hospital can be traced to the commencement address of Dr. Samuel Bard, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh Medical School, Professor of the “Practice of Medicine”, delivered to the first two medical doctors to graduate from King's College, now Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, in 1769 titled “A discourse upon the duties of a physician, with some sentiments on the usefulness and necessity of a public hospital.” Apparently city leaders also listening to this address were impressed enough to pledge one thousand pounds sterling.[9]

Dr. Peter Middleton reported on the progress with furthering this idea in another address to King's College on November 3, 1769, stating “the necessity and usefulness of a public infirmary has so warmly and pathetically set forth in a discourse delivered by Dr. Samuel Bard... that his Excellency, Sir Henry Moore immediately set on foot a subscription for that purpose to which himself and most of the gentlemen present liberally contributed.” [10] Soon thereafter, the new Governor of the Colony, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore through the interposition of Lieutenant Governor Cadwallader Colden started a fund for the establishment of such a hospital.[11]

On June 13, 1771, King George III of Great Britain granted a royal charter to establish "The Society of the New York Hospital in the City of New York in America" and a Board of Governors for the "reception of such patients as require medical treatment, chirurgical management and maniacs."[12] The first regular meeting of the Governors after its organization was held on July 24, 1771, at Bolton's Tavern, the same location where General Washington would bid farewell to his officers on December 4, 1783.[13]

Attending the first meeting were John Watts, President, as well as Philip Livingston and Gerardus William Beekman.[14] The Governors purchased 5 acres (2.0 ha) (a part of the Rutgers farm) in 1771,on elevated ground surrounded at the time on three sides by marshes.[13] The location was several miles from the central part of New York; apparently the expansion of the city and the drainage of the marshes, which harbored malaria, was anticipated.

A building was begun in 1773 but was destroyed by fire before its completion. The American Revolutionary War delayed the work of reconstruction but apparently a partial structure on Broadway and Duane Street served as a barracks for Hessian and British soldiers, as a laboratory for teaching anatomy to medical students, and as a military hospital.[15] Although initially ignored by the wider community, grave-robbing incidents in the 1780s became the subject of public outrage when the medical students carrying out these acts in order to dissect them for anatomical practice turned from stealing from the New York African Burial Ground to the nearby Trinity Churchyard. The raid on the university, attack on the student perpetrators, and the riot that followed have come to be called The Doctor's Riot of 1788.[16]

The hospital was not opened until January 3, 1791.[17] The small two-storied H-shaped building was located along the west side of Broadway between present day Worth and Duane streets, set back from the street frontage about 90 feet to allow for landscaping and expansion.[18] The hospital's first patients were suffering from smallpox, syphilis and acute bipolar disorder. In 1798, the Governors announced that the hospital was primarily for the purpose of medical treatment, secondly for surgical treatment and thirdly for treatment of “maniacs” (a fourth listed purpose was for “lying in”; that is, post-partum treatment of women).[13]

1800s expansion[]

Bloomingdale Insane Asylum c. 1830

After some years of experience with the mentally ill and the particular challenges of their treatment, the Board of Governors decided to construct an additional building which would specialize in their care. After receiving financial assistance from the Legislature of New York State, they erected "a substantial and spacious stone edifice on the grounds of the hospital in the city, within the same enclosure, and but a few rods distant from the original building. It was finished and opened on the 15 July 1808. On the same day, 19 patients were removed to it from wards in other buildings and forty-eight were admitted. The new department was called the Lunatic Asylum.

In June 1821, the hospital opened the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum on Broadway and West 116th Street in Morningside Heights.[19] Due to real estate pressures, it moved to White Plains, New York in 1891,[20] where it eventually became the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic, now known as "New York-Presbyterian/Westchester". The Morningside Heights site became part of Columbia University.[20]

New York Hospital outgrew its original building by the 1870s, and moved to a new building between Fifth and Sixth Avenues and West 15th and 16th Streets, which opened in 1877. The original facility was maintained as a 'house of relief', which moved to Hudson Street in 1884.[6]

Affiliation with Cornell University[]

Weill Cornell Medical Center (left), pictured next to the Hospital for Special Surgery (right).

In 1912, New York Hospital became affiliated with the Cornell University Medical College and moved in 1932 to a joint facility, the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, now the Weill Cornell Medical Center, on York Avenue between East 67th and 68th Streets. In 1998 it administratively merged with Presbyterian Hospital to become NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (NYP) and the site functions as one of the six campuses of NYP.[6]

Komansky Children's Hospital[]

Komansky Children's Hospital is a pediatric acute care hospital located within Weill Cornell Medical Center. The hospital has 103 beds[21] and is affiliated with Weill Cornell Medical School and is a member of NYP. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to pediatric patients aged 0–20 throughout New York City. Komansky Children's Hospital features a Level II Trauma Center and houses the only pediatric burn unit in the region.[22] Komansky Children's Hospital is a full-service pediatric "hospital within a hospital." KCH was listed on the 2009 U.S. News & World Report "America's Best Children's Hospitals" "Honor Roll" and was one of only 10 children's hospitals in the nation to be ranked in all 10 clinical specialties.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Trauma Center". Weill Cornell. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  2. ^ "Weill Cornell Medical Center". New York P. Archived from the original on 2020-08-02. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  3. ^ "Historical Beginnings". Weill Library, Cornell. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  4. ^ "New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell". Archived from the original on 2020-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  5. ^ "Historical Timeline". Weill Cornell. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c Lerner, Adele A. "New York Hospital" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 920. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2.
  7. ^ "City of New York Extending Northward to Fiftieth St". M. Dripps. Archived from the original on 2017-04-26. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
  8. ^ "Historical beginnings". Weill Cornell. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  9. ^ "Dr. Bard's Dream". New York Times. May 17, 1971. Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2014-01-20.
  10. ^ Earle, Pliny (1843). History, Description, and Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane. New York: Egbert, Hovey and King, Printers.
  11. ^ "Old New York Hospital. Its Interesting History Retraced by Dr. D. B. St. John Roosa. Episode Of The Doctors Mob. The Aftermath of a Fourth of July Celebration. Forty Years Ago. Surgery Then and Now". New York Times. February 11, 1900. Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-20.
  12. ^ Bailey, Harriet (1920). Nursing Mental Diseases. New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 27.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c Stone, William L. (1872). History of New York City from the Discovery to the Present Day. New York: Virtue and Yorston. p. 231.
  14. ^ "Old New York Hospital". The New York Times. February 11, 1900.
  15. ^ Kobbe, Gustav (1891). New York and its Environs. Franklin Square, New York: Harper and Brothers. p. 173.
  16. ^ Blakey, M. L. (1998). The New York African Burial Ground Project: An Examination of Enslaved Lives, A Construction of Ancestral Ties. 7. Transforming Anthropology. pp. 53–58.
  17. ^ Hurd, Henry, ed. (1916). The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada. III. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. p. 111.
  18. ^ "New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Weill Cornell Medical Center". Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  19. ^ Earle, Pliny (1843) History, Description, and Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane, New York: Egbert, Hovey and King. p 9.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b Grob, Gerald N. "Bloomingdale Insane Asylum" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2.
  21. ^ "NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children's Hospital". www.childrenshospitals.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2020-01-30.
  22. ^ "Burn Center | Weill Cornell Medicine". weillcornell.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2020-01-30.

External links[]

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