West Kowloon Cultural District

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West Kowloon Cultural District
West Kowloon logo.svg
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
LocationWest Kowloon, Yau Tsim Mong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Coordinates22°18′04″N 114°09′18″E / 22.3010°N 114.1550°E / 22.3010; 114.1550Coordinates: 22°18′04″N 114°09′18″E / 22.3010°N 114.1550°E / 22.3010; 114.1550
OwnerWest Kowloon Cultural District Authority
TypeVisual arts, performing arts and educational venues
Construction
Built22 July 2016; 5 years ago (2016-07-22) (M+ Pavilion)
Construction costAt least HKD$ 21.6 billion
Website
westkowloon.hk
West Kowloon Cultural District
Traditional Chinese西九文化區
Simplified Chinese西九文化区

The West Kowloon Cultural District (WKCD) is a large arts development in Hong Kong. Based on a Foster and Partners master plan and comprising 40 hectares, the district will eventually include 17 venues. The Xiqu Center for Chinese opera and the Freespace centre for contemporary performance are already open, while the M+ Museum, Hong Kong Palace Museum, and Lyric Theater, as well as spaces for arts education and commercial structures, are expected. It is managed by the West Kowloon Cultural District Authority (WKCDA).

Location[]

The wedge-shaped, waterfront site was created from reclaimed land in the 1990s as part of the Airport Core Programme. It lies west of Yau Ma Tei in the Yau Tsim Mong District and is bounded by Canton Road in the east, the Western Harbour Crossing, Austin Road West, and Victoria Harbour.

It is within walking distance of Tsim Sha Tsui (TST), a popular tourist area, and of the Kowloon Station complex, which is connected to the Elements commercial centre and high-speed rail to mainland China.

History[]

The project has gone through multiple, well-publicised delays for nearly 20 years. The first phase opened in 2015, while the second phase is expected to be completed in 2026.[1]

In 1996, the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) conducted a survey of visiting tourists, who cited a lack of cultural attractions. The HKTB proposed to LegCo in 1998 that new venues for the arts and cultural events be established. In his 1998 Policy Address, Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa proposed the establishment of the West Kowloon Cultural District, endeavouring to develop Hong Kong as a cultural hub for Asia.

In April 2001,[2] an international design competition was launched. Ten members of the judging panel selected a canopy design submitted by Foster and Partners as the winner under eight aspects.[3] Leslie E. Robertson Associates were appointed as the structural engineering firm. However, the design was scrapped in 2005 due to intense public criticism[4] with regard to financing models, the involvement of property developers, lack of planning, and the design itself. In 2006, the government established consultative committees to formulate a report on what facilities to offer and how they would be managed. In 2007, a three-month public consultation was carried out again, the early stages of which were completed in December 2007.[5]

Invitation for proposals[]

In September 2003, the government announced an Invitation For Proposals for the Development of the district.[6] While it required the provision of certain facilities, proponents were allowed considerable freedom, which meant that developers could sell residential and commercial space for profit. The requirements were:[7]

  • Three theatres with at least 400, 800 and 2,000, seats respectively
  • A performance venue with at least 10,000 seats
  • A cluster of four museums of at least 75,000 square metres
  • An art exhibition centre of at least 10,000 square metres
  • A water amphitheatre
  • At least four piazzas
  • A canopy covering at least 55% of the development area

Three proposals, submitted by Dynamic Star International Limited, Sunny Development Limited and World City Culture Park Limited, were consulted on with the public from December 2004 to June 2005.

  • Foster and Partners's original design

  • Dynamic Star International[8]

  • Henderson Land

  • Yell Lin International

First public consultation[]

The executive summary of the consultation report[9] showed that the single-package development approach, the large canopy, government supervision of the district and the concept of the project itself were among most questioned in the open question section of the consultation form. The report noted there was fear that the project could evolve into an ordinary property development project, common in Hong Kong. Over half of the written submissions were opposed to the canopy.

As the government renewed conditions for the development, the shortlisted proponents failed to renew their proposals and Chief Secretary Rafael Hui Si-yan said the much-criticised giant canopy – a centrepiece of the winning design by Foster and Partners – would be scrapped.

Consultative Committee and Public Engagement[]

The government appointed members to the Consultative Committee on the Core Arts and Cultural Facilities (CACF) of WKCD in April 2006 and the committee was scheduled to last until June 2007. It re-examined and re-confirmed the need for the CACF as defined in the Invitation for Proposals issued in September 2003. A Stage 1 Public Engagement Exercise was conducted from October 2009 to January 2010. Public forums and focus group meetings were held to understand the views and needs of the stakeholders and the public. Around 66 public engagement events were held.[10] A Stage 2 Public Engagement Exercise followed, which sought to obtain feedback on the concept plans prepared by three planning teams, which incorporated public views learnt in Stage 1 into their conceptual plans.

Master Plan[]

The three conceptual plans were unveiled on 20 August 2010 by the WKCDA:

The Stage 2 Public Engagement exercise lasted three months and ran until November 2010.[11]

On 4 March 2011, Foster and Partners' plan, City Park, was selected as the master plan out of the three entries.[12][13][14] Ronald Arculli, then head of the WKCDA, as well as of the selection board, said the master plan would be submitted to the Town Planning Board at the end of 2011. Construction could start as soon as the fourth quarter of 2012 with the first phase of the WKCD finished by the end of 2015.[15] The plan was originally estimated to cost HK$21.6 billion. In October 2011, the government revised its cost estimates upwards, to over HK$29 billion.[16]

The WKCD's Stage 3 Public Engagement Exercise began in September 2011 at the Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre. The focal point of the exhibition was a giant 1:250 physical model of the hub. A digital 3D model, photo montages and panels displaying key information and features were also presented. [17] The plan – with public consultation running until 30 October – eventually went to the Town Planning Board, which subsequently gave the go-ahead by the end of next year.

Venues[]

West Kowloon Bamboo Theatre (2012, demolished)
WKCDA Temporary Project Site Office (PSO)

The WKCDA seeks to deliver the West Kowloon Park and core arts and cultural facilities in three stages or batches:

Batch 1[]

West Kowloon Bamboo Theatre (demolished)[]

The West Kowloon Bamboo Theatre was built at the junction of Canton Road and Austin Road West (the present site of Xiqu Centre) in January 2012. It was the first cultural event organised by WKCDA to mark the launch of the design and construction stage of the district. Bamboo theaters were once a staple for honouring and celebrating the Chinese sea goddess Tin Hau and Zhen Jun. The event, which was a combination of traditional Cantonese opera, contemporary visual art installations and film shows in collaboration with the Chinese Artists Association of Hong Kong and involved various renowned visual artists, attracted over 12,000 participants in 7 days. The Bamboo Theatre was initially to be an annual event, but as of 2021 has not been recreated.

Temporary Nursery Park[]

Opened in July 2015, the temporary Nursery Park is located at the northwestern part of the site. It features open lawns and a pet zone, and is a testing ground for greenery in the future park. It is also where Freespace Happening, a free outdoor music and arts event, takes place.

Art Park Construction Site (September 2016)

M+ Pavilion (demolished)[]

Designed by VPANG + JET + Lisa Cheung, the M+ Pavilion was used to provide exhibition space for M+ prior to the completion of the main museum building. It was inaugurated with the exhibition 'Nothing' by Hong Kong artist Tsang Kin-Wah in September 2016.

Park[]

The park includes Freespace and The Lawn. Designed by Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers with West 8 and ACLA, the park was partially opened in 2017 and fully operational by 2018.

Xiqu Centre[]

Located on the eastern edge of the district, at the junction of Canton Road and Austin Road, the Xiqu Centre is directly accessible from Kowloon Station (Express Rail Link terminus) and Austin MTR station. The building was inspired by traditional Chinese lanterns. Stepping through the main entrance, shaped to resemble parted stage curtains, visitors are led directly into an atrium with a raised podium and space for presenting Chinese traditional theatre. The eight-storey building has a total area of 28,164 sq m and houses a Grand Theatre, accommodating 1,075 seats, a Tea House Theatre, with a capacity of up to 200 seats, eight professional studios and a seminar hall, all specially designed for different types of xiqu-related functions and activities. A unique feature of the venue is the location of the Grand Theatre at the top of the building, which allows for the large open atrium below. It was designed by Revery Architecture (formerly Bing Thom Architects) and Ronald Lu & Partners and opened in January 2019.

Freespace[]

Freespace, a centre for contemporary performance, has the largest blackbox theatre in Hong Kong, accommodating up to 900 people, as well as other multi-purpose venues designed for creative exchanges, exhibitions and workshops, as well as professional and private meetings and gatherings. up to is a highly flexible space fully adaptable for small- to medium-sized performances of experimental theatre, dance, multimedia shows and music events, as well as exhibitions. Freespace Livehouse is a small bar and performance space presenting music from Hong Kong and around the world, also hosting workshops, film screenings and cultural events, and free outdoor music in the Art Park. Freespace was designed by Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects and Engineers (DLN) and opened in 2019.

M+ Museum[]

The M+ Museum has three major focuses: visual art, design and architecture, and the moving image. It is targeted to open at the end of 2021.

Batch 2[]

Lyric Theatre Complex[]

The Lyric Theatre Complex will be a major performing arts venue in the WKCD, comprising a 1,450-seat theatre, a 600-seat medium theatre and a 250-seat studio theatre. A Resident Company Centre and extensive rehearsal facilities will be situated in the complex as well.

Centre for Contemporary Performance[]

The centre will include two Black Boxes.

Batch 3[]

Hong Kong Palace Museum[]

On 23 December 2016, Carrie Lam, then chair of the WKCDA, announced in Beijing that a new Hong Kong Palace Museum would be built on the southern part of the land originally slated for the Mega Performance Venue and Exhibition Centre. Occupying around 10,000 square metres, the floor area of the new Palace Museum is estimated at 30,500 square metres, housing two exhibition galleries, activity rooms, a 400-seat lecture theatre, shops and restaurants. The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust donated HK$3.5 billion for the design, construction and exhibition preparation works of the museum. Rocco Design Architects were commissioned to design the building. The museum is due to open on 1 July 2022.

Mega Performance Venue (MPV) and Exhibition Centre[]

The MPV was planned as a performance venue with 15,000 seats. The board of the WKCDA, however, decided not to use the current Nursery Park as the site for the MPV. As of 2021, the Authority was presently considering developing the northern part of the coastal land as a medium-sized multipurpose venue for exhibitions, conventions and performances through privately financed initiatives.

Batch 3 will also accommodate additional projects under the working titles of Musical Theatre, Great Theatre, Music Centre, Medium Theatre, Xiqu Small Theatre and M+ Phase II.

Temporary usage[]

West Kowloon Waterfront Promenade[]

West Kowloon Waterfront Promenade

Part of the district's site is still used as a temporary promenade, the West Kowloon Waterfront Promenade, opened in 2005 and managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department. The promenade can be accessed from the east via Museum Drive or via a pedestrian entrance close to the bus station, to the west of the toll booths. Bicycles are available for hire for riding along a short waterfront cycle track, which will be removed when the site is developed.

West Kowloon Cultural District Authority (WKCDA)[]

West Kowloon Cultural District Authority
AbbreviationWKCDA
Legal statusStatutory authority
PurposeArtistic
Membership
Private
Chairperson
CEO
Henry Tang Ying-yen
Betty Fung Ching Suk-yee
Budget
HK$21.6 billion
Websitehttp://www.wkcda.hk

The WKCD Authority was established under the West Kowloon Cultural District Authority Ordinance, Cap 601 to develop the West Kowloon Cultural district. It came into action on 11 July 2008. The authority is made up of a board, committees and executive board directors.

A board of directors was appointed in October 2008. Its chairman was former Chief Secretary Henry Tang Ying-yen,[18][19] subsequent chairperson of the WKCDA. While government officials and experts were recruited to aid the authority operation temporarily, executives and managers were recruited to independently manage the operation.[20]

The authority has an executive team of seven. Its first Executive Director, Angus Cheng Siu-chuen, a former executive at Hong Kong Disneyland, was appointed in June 2009 but resigned for personal reasons less than two weeks after taking up the post. Project Director Augustine Ng Wah-keung subsequently led the project on a provisional basis.[21][22] On 24 March 2010, Graham Sheffield, formerly Artistic Director of the Barbican Centre, was appointed CEO of the authority on a three-year, HK$3.5 million-a-year contract.[1][23][24] However, on 7 January 2011, he, too, suddenly resigned for "health reasons," just five months into the job. A recruitment exercise to replace Sheffield as CEO was subsequently launched,[25][26] though the impact of these two top-level resignations worried critics. A member of the Legislative Council's home affairs panel, Tanya Chan, expressed fear at the time that candidates for the job could be deterred by the apparent problems with the project, ostensibly delaying the project until 2020.[1]

On 27 May 2011, Michael Lynch, former Chief Executive of the Southbank Centre, was appointed CEO of the West Kowloon Cultural District Authority by Tang.[27] Lynch resigned in 2015, citing family reasons, and was replaced by Duncan Pescod.[28] A popular figure, Pescod was forced to resign from the WKCDA in 2020, not long before his term was due to end.[29] Longtime bureaucrat Betty Fung Ching Suk-yee was subsequently appointed to the post in June 2021, assuming her duties on 15 October 2021 for a term of three years.[30]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Sudden exit of arts hub chief may delay project, SCMP, Vivienne Chow, 8 Jan 2011
  2. ^ Invitation For Proposals Development of West Kowloon Cultural District, Hong Kong Archived 10 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ WKR Concept Plan Competition Archived 13 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Yan, Cathy (4 March 2011). "Norman Foster to Design Kowloon Cultural District". The Wall Street Journal.
  5. ^ 西九文化區公眾參與活動 Archived 15 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Invitation For Proposals Development of West Kowloon Cultural District, Hong Kong Archived 9 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Invitation For Proposals Development of West Kowloon Cultural District, Hong Kong Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2008.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ "Legal Service Division Report on West Kowloon Cultural District Authority Bill" (PDF). Retrieved 1 May 2009.[dead link]
  10. ^ http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr11-12/english/panels/wkcd/papers/wkcd1129cb2-385-4-e.pdf
  11. ^ Conceptual Plan Options Unveiled as the West Kowloon Cultural District Authority Launches Stage 2 Public Engagement Exercise www.wkcda.hk 20 August 2010
  12. ^ "Foster + Partners". Fosterandpartners.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  13. ^ "西九方案選用「城市中的公園」 – 新浪網 – 新聞". News.sina.com.hk. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  14. ^ "西 九 管 理 局 選 用 Norman Foster 「 城 市 中 的 公 園 」 設 計 方 案". Rthk.org.hk. 4 March 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  15. ^ "夏佳理料西九圖則最快年底提交 – 新浪網 – 新聞". News.sina.com.hk. 5 March 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  16. ^ Benitez, Mary Ann (6 October 2011). "Culture bill likely to rocket" Archived 9 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Standard. "The West Kowloon cultural district is set to be the SAR's downtown pioneer green area, but it could cost taxpayers at least HK$8 billion more than expected before it finally becomes a reality."
  17. ^ Stage 3 Public Engagement Exercise starts on 30 September WKCDA. 23 September 2011.
  18. ^ "Speeches of the Honourable Henry Tang Ying-yen, Chairman of the Board; Professor Stephen Cheung Yan-leung, Chairman of the Consultation Panel; Mr Graham Sheffield, Chief Executive Officer, at the Opening Ceremony of the Stage 2 Public Engagement Exercise". West Kowloon. Authority. 20 August 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
  19. ^ "West Kowloon Cultural District". Retrieved 1 May 2009.[dead link]
  20. ^ [1] Archived 22 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ Angus Cheng resigns from cultural post HK Govt press release, 17 June 2009 Archived 19 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ West Kowloon authority director quits RTHK, 17 June 2009
  23. ^ "West Kowloon Cultural District Authority Appoints Chief Executive Officer". West Kowloon Cultural District Authority. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2010.[dead link]
  24. ^ "Graham Sheffield named WKCD CEO". Information Services Department of Hong Kong. 24 March 2010. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  25. ^ Fresh culture shock as West Kowloon CEO quits Archived 8 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, Natalie Wong, Friday, 7 January 2011
  26. ^ [Public Eye: Come clean about why cultural head quit], SCMP Michael Chugani, 12 January 2011
  27. ^ Michael Lynch Appointed WKCDA Chief Executive Officer WKCDA. 27 May 2011.
  28. ^ Pao, Jeff (21 July 2015). "Pescod named CEO of West Kowloon Cultural District Authority". Hong Kong Economic Journal.
  29. ^ "Arts hub seeks new CEO to steer through delays, massive cost overruns". South China Morning Post. 5 October 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  30. ^ Keepthinking. "Mrs Betty Fung Ching Suk-yee appointed as CEO of the West Kowloon Cultural District Authority". www.westkowloon.hk. Retrieved 14 July 2021.

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