XX Persei

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XX Persei
Comet Lovejoy.jpg
Red circle.svg
XX Persei (circled) near the Double Cluster and Comet Lovejoy
Credit: Juan lacruz
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Perseus
Right ascension 02h 03m 09.36064s[1]
Declination 55° 13′ 56.6187″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 7.9 - 9.0[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type M4Ib + B7V[3]
Variable type SRc[4]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: -1.232 ± 0.114[5] mas/yr
Dec.: -1.543 ± 0.126[5] mas/yr
Parallax (π)0.46 ± 0.07[5] mas
Distance2,029[6] pc
Absolute magnitude (MV)−4.6[7]
Details
Mass16[7] M☉
Radius548[8] - 681[6] R☉
Luminosity42,000[8] L☉
Temperature3,535±170[8] K
Other designations
XX Per, BD+54°444, GSC 03689-01837, HD 12401, HIP 9582, IRC+50052, 2MASS J02030935+5513566, HV 3414, SAO 22875, AAVSO 0156+54
Database references
SIMBADdata

XX Persei (IRC +50052 / HIP 9582 / BD+54 444) is a semiregular variable red supergiant star in the constellation Perseus, between the Double Cluster and the border with Andromeda.

Variability[]

XX Persei is a semiregular variable star of sub-type SRc, indicating a cool supergiant. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars gives the period as 415 days.[4] It also shows a long secondary period which was originally given at 4,100 days.[7] A more recent study shows only slow variations with a period of 3,150 ± 1,000 days.[2] Another study failed to find any long period up to 10,000 days.[9]

Distance[]

The most likely distance of XX Per is 2,290 parsecs, from assumed membership of the Perseus OB1 association.[10]

Characteristics[]

XX Per is a red supergiant of spectral type M4Ib with an effective temperature below 4,000 K. It has a large infrared excess, indicating surrounding dust at a temperature of 900 K, but no masers have been detected.[11][12]

XX Persei has a mass of 16 solar masses, above the limit beyond which stars end their lives as supernovae.[7]

Companion[]

XX Persei has a companion of magnitude 9.7 20.5" away.[3] The combined spectral type has been given as M4Ib + B7V,[3] while the UV spectrum of the companion has been used to derive a spectral classification of A.[13]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
  2. ^ a b Kiss, L. L.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Bedding, T. R. (2006). "Variability in red supergiant stars: Pulsations, long secondary periods and convection noise". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 372 (4): 1721–1734. arXiv:astro-ph/0608438. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.372.1721K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10973.x. S2CID 5203133.
  3. ^ a b c Proust, D.; Ochsenbein, F.; Pettersen, B. R. (1981). "A catalogue of variable-visual binary stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 44: 179. Bibcode:1981A&AS...44..179P.
  4. ^ a b Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  5. ^ a b c Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  6. ^ a b Norris, Ryan P. (2019). Seeing Stars Like Never Before: A Long-term Interferometric Imaging Survey of Red Supergiants (PDF) (PhD). Georgia State University.
  7. ^ a b c d Stothers, R.; Leung, K. C. (1971). "Luminosities, masses and periodicities of massive red supergiants". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 10: 290. Bibcode:1971A&A....10..290S.
  8. ^ a b c Messineo, M.; Brown, A. G. A. (2019). "A Catalog of Known Galactic K-M Stars of Class I Candidate Red Supergiants in Gaia DR2". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 20. arXiv:1905.03744. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...20M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab1cbd. S2CID 148571616.
  9. ^ Percy, John R.; Sato, Hiromitsu (2009). "Long Secondary Periods in Pulsating Red Supergiant Stars". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 103 (1): 11. Bibcode:2009JRASC.103...11P.
  10. ^ Reiter, Megan; Marengo, Massimo; Hora, Joseph L.; Fazio, Giovanni G. (2015). "A Spitzer/IRAC characterization of Galactic AGB and RSG stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (4): 3909. arXiv:1501.02749. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447.3909R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2725. S2CID 118515353.
  11. ^ Fok, Thomas K. T.; Nakashima, Jun-Ichi; Yung, Bosco H. K.; Hsia, Chih-Hao; Deguchi, Shuji (2012). "Maser Observations of Westerlund 1 and Comprehensive Considerations on Maser Properties of Red Supergiants Associated with Massive Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 760 (1): 65. arXiv:1209.6427. Bibcode:2012ApJ...760...65F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/65. S2CID 53393926.
  12. ^ Verheyen, L.; Messineo, M.; Menten, K. M. (2012). "SiO maser emission from red supergiants across the Galaxy . I. Targets in massive star clusters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A36. arXiv:1203.4727. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A..36V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118265. S2CID 55630819.
  13. ^ Buss, Richard H.; Snow, Theodore P. (1988). "Hot components and circumstellar grains in M supergiant syncretic binaries". Astrophysical Journal. 335: 331. Bibcode:1988ApJ...335..331B. doi:10.1086/166931.
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