Yang di-Pertuan Negara

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Yang di-Pertuan Negara (English: (he) who is Lord of the State) is a title for the head of state in certain Malay-speaking countries, and has been used as an official title at various times in Brunei and Singapore.

Sabah[]

The head of state of Sabah was once known as Yang Di-Pertua Negara and later known as Yang Di-Pertua Negeri.[1]

Singapore[]

In 1959, following revisions to the Constitution which granted Singapore internal self-governance, the ceremonial post of Yang di-Pertuan Negara replaced the British colonial Governor of Singapore as the representative of the British monarch in Singapore. Although the title had the literal meaning of head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Negara was constitutionally only a de jure chief executive, acting as a vice-regal representative in lieu of a typical Governor-General.[2]

Under a transitional arrangement, the last Governor of Singapore, Sir William Goode, served as the first Yang di-Pertuan Negara from 3 June 1959 to 3 December 1959.[3] He was succeeded by Yusof bin Ishak, who was sworn into office on the same day as the country's national flag, coat of arms, and national anthem were adopted.

The title was retained when Singapore became the fourteenth state of Malaysia in 1963. The office-holder then acted as the vice-regal representative of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.[2]

On August 9, 1965, Singapore was separated from the federation to become an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations. On December 22 of that year, the Constitution was amended to make the country a republic, and change the title to President with retroactive effect from the date of independence.[4]

  • Sir William Goode – 3 June 1959 to 3 December 1959
  • Yusof bin Ishak – 3 December 1959 to 9 August 1965

Brunei[]

In Brunei, the Sultan of Brunei is also known as the Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam.

The full title for the head of state and head of government of Brunei is Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (KDYMM) Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam.[5]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Granville-Edge, P. J. (1999). The Sabahan: The Life And Death of Tun Fuad Stephens. ISBN 978-983-40114-0-6.
  2. ^ a b The head of state in Singapore: An historical perspective in Managing Political Change in Singapore: The Elected Presidency', Kevin Tan, Peng Er Lam, Routledge, 1997, page 9
  3. ^ The Istana, K. K. Seet, Peter Mealin, Times Editions, 2000, page 88
  4. ^ Republic of Singapore Independence Act (Original Enactment: Act 9 of 1965)
  5. ^ "Chancellory - Universiti Brunei Darussalam". Archived from the original on 2016-09-15. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
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