Yarumela
Yarumela also known as El Chilcal, was one of the sites located in Honduras and based around the Middle Formative era in Mesoamerican history, occupied between 1000 BC and AD 200 by the ancestros of the Lencan culture also known as the Proto-lencan people. During its heyday at the end of the Preclassic mesoamerican period was a popular trade center, especially for precious commodities.
Overview[]
Yarumela also called Hiarumela, llarumela, or "El Chilcal", was an Lenca settlement from the Middle Formative period in Mesoamerica, a period that ran from approximately: 900 BC-300BC. The Lenca are an indigenous mesoamerican people from southwestern Honduras and eastern El Salvador. Yarumela was part of a region the covered around 16,000 square kilometres and shared the region with other archaeological sites such as: La Venta, Los Naranjos, and Playa de los Muertos.
Features of Yarumela[]
Located sixty kilometres south of the Los Naranjos, the site of Yarumela yielded information that led archaeologists to believe that it was another imposing Middle Formative center. This information also led archaeologists to believe that Yarumela as a center had a focus on precious commodities. Much like the settlement found at Los Naranjos, Yarumela’s area was protected by the location in which it was found. On the eastern side, the settlement at Yarumela was protected by the Humuya River, which was a branch off of the Ulua, and on the western side it was protected by a large man-made ditch.
The settlement at Yarumela was considered to be a large and prosperous trade center; archaeologists determined this from the numerous large structure mounds they found on the site as well as some of the material artifacts located there as well. Artifacts like shells, jadeite, obsidian fragments as well as exotic ceramics.[1]
History[]
According to the archaeological studies carried out in the area, this settlement was founded in approximately 1,000 BC during the Mesoamerican pre-classic period by the ancestors of the Lenca culture known as the Proto-Lenca. The El Chilcal de Yarumela settlement covered approximately 74 acres (30 hectares) of territory in the Comayagua Valley, and due to its location, the site took advantage of its fact of being an important passageway between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. This was evidenced by the large number of ornamental shells found at the site, the shells that were native to both coastal regions, this together with the amount of Guatemalan jade and other exotic items found by archaeologists at the site location makes the researchers believe that this was the case.[2] In fact, several discoveries indicate that it was a central trade route that connected Mesoamerica with the intermediate zone.
Over the centuries, thanks to its commercial importance and its wealth, the city would become the capital of a chiefdom known as Señorío de Yaruma which was founded around 400 BC thanks to the union of various tribes from both the Valley of Comayagua and other surrounding areas. When conforming as capital its estimated population at the end of the pre-classic period was about 6,400 inhabitants. Thus, the Yarumela society began to become more cosmopolitan, receiving new settlers who moved in search of being able to better sell their products and by the beginning of the classical period it would end up becoming the most populated city in what is now Honduras.
Although the city was mostly made up of modest merchants due to its constant economic activity and had an active urban life, much is unknown about what its rulers were, since the residents of the Yaruma manor did not leave written testimonies. Entering the classical period despite its high population density, the city had its decline due to several factors such as the appearance of new important centers, conflicts between different manors and poor harvests, the final blow for the city was an eruption of the San Migel Volcano, whose ashes reached the Comayagua Valley, after this fact several experts point out that it began its absolute abandonment after the last remaining residents decided to completely abandon the center
Structures[]
The site at Yarumela yielded many large structural mounds, including the largest one which reached a height of approximately 19 metres or sixty two feet high, Structure 101, named “El Cerrito”. This was determined to be the ‘main mound’ and was located in the central district of the site. Archaeologists determined that when it was fully functional and maintained the structure was visible from almost any point in the valley where the site was situated. El Cerrito is the main focus/attraction of the site at Yarumela, along with another visible large mound and a reconstructed small step pyramid close to the river opposite the large mounds.
Rehabilitation of the archaeological site[]
On April 11, 2019, the mayor of the town of Yarumela and the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History with the support of the national police of Honduras, restored structure 102 and managed to rehabilitate a good part of the site, installing signs where there is information about the history of the place. It is currently open to both national and foreign public.
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Voorhies, Barbara (December 2005). "Ancient Mexico and Central America: Archaeology and Culture History. Susan Toby Evans. Thames and Hudson, London. 2004. 502 pp., bib. $70.00 (cloth), $50.00 (paper)". Latin American Antiquity. 16 (4): 473–473. doi:10.2307/30042512. ISSN 1045-6635.
- ^ Beaudry-Corbett, Marilyn; Henderson, John S. (1993-07-01), "Introduction", Pottery of Prehistoric Honduras, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, pp. 1–2, retrieved 2021-10-12
- Archaeological sites in Honduras
- History of Honduras
- Pyramids in Honduras
- Mesoamerican sites