Zakerzonia
Zakerzonia (Ukrainian: Закерзоння, Trans-Curzonia; Polish: Zakerzonie) is an informal name for the territories of Poland to the west of the Curzon Line which used to have sizeable Ukrainian populations, including significant Lemko, Boyko and Ruthenian populations, before the invasion of Poland by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in 1939, and were claimed as ethnically Ukrainian territories by Ukrainian nationalists in the aftermath of World War II.
"Zakerzonia" stands for "territory beyond the Curzon line", or in Ukrainian "Zakerzons'kyi krai".
The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), at the height of their control of the territories, claimed plans of creation of Transcurzon Republic.[1]
The demography of Zakerzonia drastically changed by forcible resettlement of the Ukrainians, with major ethnic cleansing operations being the resettlement of Ukrainians from Poland to the Soviet Union (1944–1946) and Operation Vistula (1947).[1][2]
Ukrainians in Poland: 1939–1950[]
Pyotr Eberhardt estimates that in 1939 the number of Ukrainians between the Curzon Line and Oder-Neisse Line was 657,500 people.[3]
Timothy Snyder gives a similar estimate of up to 700,000 Ukrainians or Ukrainian-language speakers lived in Poland immediately after World War II within the new borders. They were a "demographic majority in many areas along a long border strip running from Chełm almost to Kraków".[4]
In 1946, only 220,200 Ukrainians were left in Poland, which had further decreased to 150,000 by 1950.[3]
References[]
- ^ a b Orest Subtelny, "The Fate of Poland's Ukrainians, 1944-1947", in: "Redrawing Nations: Ethnic Cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944-1948", 2001, ISBN 0742510948
- ^ Bohdan, Kordan. "Making Borders Stick: Population Transfer and Resettlement in the Trans-Curzon Territories, 1944–1949". International Migration Review Vol. 31, No. 3., 1997, pp. 704-720.
- ^ a b Eberhardt, Piotr (2000). "Przemieszczenia ludności na terytorium Polski spowodowane II wojną światową" (PDF). Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish and English). Warsaw. 15: 75–76 – via Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych.
- ^ Timothy Snyder, "To Resolve the Ukrainian Problem Once and for All": The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland 1943-1947, pp. 101, 104, 105, in Journal of Cold War Studies Vol. 1, No. 2, Spring 1999. http://www.yale.edu/history/faculty/documents/2ColdWarStudies.pdf
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