Édouard Herriot
Édouard Herriot | |
---|---|
Prime Minister of France | |
In office 3 June 1932 – 18 December 1932 | |
President | Albert Lebrun |
Preceded by | André Tardieu |
Succeeded by | Joseph Paul-Boncour |
In office 20 July 1926 – 23 July 1926 | |
President | Gaston Doumergue |
Preceded by | Aristide Briand |
Succeeded by | Raymond Poincaré |
In office 15 June 1924 – 17 April 1925 | |
President | Gaston Doumergue |
Preceded by | Frédéric François-Marsal |
Succeeded by | Paul Painlevé |
Mayor of Lyon | |
In office 1945–1957 | |
Preceded by | Justin Godart |
Succeeded by | Louis Pradel |
Personal details | |
Born | Troyes, France | 5 July 1872
Died | 26 March 1957 Saint-Genis-Laval, France | (aged 84)
Resting place | Loyasse Cemetery |
Nationality | French |
Political party | Radical Party |
Spouse(s) | Blanche Rebatel |
Education | Lycée Louis-le-Grand |
Alma mater | École normale supérieure |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Édouard Herriot. |
Édouard Marie Herriot (French: [edwaʁ ɛʁjo]; 5 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister and for many years as President of the Chamber of Deputies.[1] He was leader of the first Cartel des Gauches.
Life[]
Hérriot was born at Troyes, France on 5 July 1872. He served as Mayor of Lyon from 1905 until his death, except for a brief period from 1940 to 1945, when he was exiled to Germany for opposing the Vichy regime. As mayor, Herriot improved relations between municipal government and local unions, increased public assistance funds, and began an urban renewal programme,[2] amongst other measures. He died in Lyon on 26 March 1957.[1] He is buried at the Cimetière de Loyasse.
Herriot's First Ministry, 14 June 1924 – 17 April 1925[]
- Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Charles Nollet - Minister of War
- Camille Chautemps - Minister of the Interior
- Étienne Clémentel - Minister of Finance
- Justin Godart - Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions
- René Renoult - Minister of Justice
- Jacques-Louis Dumesnil - Minister of Marine
- François Albert - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
- - Minister of Pensions
- Henri Queuille - Minister of Agriculture
- Édouard Daladier - Minister of Colonies
- Victor Peytral - Minister of Public Works
- Eugène Raynaldy - Minister of Commerce and Industry
- Victor Dalbiez - Minister of Liberated Regions
Changes
- 3 April 1925 - Anatole de Monzie succeeds Clémentel as Minister of Finance.
Herriot's Second Ministry, 19–23 July 1926[]
- Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Paul Painlevé - Minister of War
- Camille Chautemps - Minister of the Interior
- Anatole de Monzie - Minister of Finance
- - Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions
- Maurice Colrat - Minister of Justice
- René Renoult - Minister of Marine
- Édouard Daladier - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
- Georges Bonnet - Minister of Pensions
- Henri Queuille - Minister of Agriculture
- - Minister of Colonies
- - Minister of Public Works
- Louis Loucheur - Minister of Commerce and Industry
Herriot's Third Ministry, 3 June – 18 December 1932[]
- Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Joseph Paul-Boncour - Minister of War
- Camille Chautemps - Minister of the Interior
- Louis Germain-Martin - Minister of Finance
- Maurice Palmade - Minister of Budget
- Albert Dalimier - Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
- René Renoult - Minister of Justice
- Georges Leygues - Minister of Marine
- Léon Meyer - Minister of Merchant Marine
- Paul Painlevé - Minister of Air
- Anatole de Monzie - Minister of National Education
- - Minister of Pensions
- Abel Gardey - Minister of Agriculture
- Albert Sarraut - Minister of Colonies
- Édouard Daladier - Minister of Public Works
- Justin Godart - Minister of Public Health
- Henri Queuille - Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones
- Julien Durand - Minister of Commerce and Industry
Denial of the Holodomor[]
The height of denial of the Holodomor was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between 26 August and 9 September 1933 by Herriot, who had recently left the French Prime Ministry. Herriot denied accounts of the famine and said that Soviet Ukraine was "like a garden in full bloom".[3]
Furthermore, he announced to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of hunger, and that the allegations of starving millions were being spread by adversaries of the Soviet Union. "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders", he declared. The 13 September 1933 issue of Pravda was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the USSR."[4]
Political career[]
Governmental functions
Président of the Council of Ministers : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932.
Minister of Transport, Public Works and Supply : 1916–1917.
Minister of Education and Fine Arts : 1926–1928.
Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932.
Minister of State : 1934–1936.
Electoral mandates
National Assembly of France
President of the National Assembly of France : 1947–1954.
Member of the National Assembly of France for Rhône (department) : 1946–1957 (He died in 1957). Elected in 1946, reelected in 1951, 1956.
Constitutional Assembly
Member of the Constitutional Assembly for Rhône (department) : 1945–1946. Elected in 1945, reelected in June 1946.
Chamber of Deputies of France
President of the Chamber of Deputies of France : 1925–1926 / 1936–1940.
Member of the Chamber of Deputies of France for Rhône (department) : 1919–1942 (Dissolution of Parliament by Philippe Petain in 1942). Elected in 1919, reelected in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936.
Senate of France
Senator of Rhône : 1912–1919. Elected in 1911.
General council
General councillor of Rhône (department) : 1945–1951.
Municipal Council
Mayor of Lyon : 1905–1940 (Deposition by Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953.
Municipal councillor of Lyon : 1904–1940 (Deposition by the Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953.
Political functions
President of the Radical Party (France) : 1919–1926 / 1931–1936 / 1948–1953 / 1955–1957.
Legacy[]
Herriot was declared an honorary citizen of the city of Veliki Bečkerek (today Zrenjanin) in 1933. There is also a street with his name in Zrenjanin.
His visit to a church in Kiev, where a fake religious service was organized for the occasion, is described in "The Mechanical Lions", one of the stories in A Tomb for Boris Davidovich by Danilo Kiš.
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Herriot Is Dead. French Leader, 84". The New York Times. March 27, 1957. Retrieved 2015-01-07.
Three-Time Premier, Radical Party Power, Was Scholar and Member of Academy. Hoped to Defeat E.D.C. Plan '54. Long Urged Nation Pay War Debts to U.S. Tributes From Leaders National Funeral Urged Widely Known in U.S. Became Premier in 1924. Abstained From Vote. Edouard Herriot, French statesman, party leader, scholar and author who had become a symbol of the premier Third Republic, died today at the age of 84. ...
- ^ Stone, Judith F. (8 April 1985). The Search for Social Peace: Reform Legislation in France, 1890–1914. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780887060229. Retrieved 8 April 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-674-07608-7, pages 159–160
- ^ "France, Germany and Austria facing the famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine" (PDF). holodomorct.org. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
Further reading[]
- De Tarr, Francis. The French Radical Party: From Herriot to Mendès-France (Greenwood, 1980).
External links[]
- Newspaper clippings about Édouard Herriot in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- 1872 births
- 1957 deaths
- People from Troyes
- Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
- Radical Party (France) politicians
- Prime Ministers of France
- Transport ministers of France
- Government ministers of France
- French Senators of the Third Republic
- Senators of Rhône (department)
- Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (France)
- Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945)
- Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)
- Presidents of the National Assembly (France)
- Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
- Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
- Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
- Mayors of Lyon
- Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
- École Normale Supérieure alumni
- Members of the Académie Française
- Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)