Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin

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In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Yusuf Izzeddin, the title is Şehzade, and there is no family name.

Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin
Z.K.H. Prins Yusuf Izzedidin van Turkije 1857-1916.jpg
At Windsor, 1911
Born29 September 1857
Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Died1 February 1916(1916-02-01) (aged 58)
Zincirlikuyu Palace, Zincirlikuyu, Şişli, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Tomb of Mahmud II, Çemberlitaş, Fatih, Istanbul
Spouse
Ceşmiahu Hanım
​
​
(m. 1879; died 1911)​
Cavidan Hanım
​
​
(m. 1885; his d. 1916)​
Nazikeda Hanım
​
​
(m. 1886; his d. 1916)​
Tazende Hanım
​
​
(m. 1892; his d. 1916)​
Ebruniyaz Hanım
​
​
(m. before 1916)​
Leman Hanım
​
​
(m. 1904; his d. 1916)​
Issue
more...
Names
Turkish: Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin
Ottoman Turkish: شهزادہ یوسف عزالدین‎
HouseOttoman
FatherAbdulaziz
MotherDürrünev Kadın
ReligionSunni Islam
Military career
Allegiance Ottoman Empire
Service/branch Ottoman Army
Years of service1861–1916 (active service)
RankSee list

Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin (Ottoman Turkish: شهزادہ یوسف عزالدین‎; 29 September 1857 – 1 February 1916) was an Ottoman prince, the eldest son of Sultan Abdulaziz and his first wife Dürrünev Kadın.

Early life and education[]

Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin was born on 29 September 1857 in the Dolmabahçe Palace. His father was Sultan Abdulaziz, who was then a prince, and his mother was Dürrünev Kadın,[1] eldest daughter of Prince Mahmud Dziapş-lpa and his wife Princess Halime Çikotua.[2] He had a full sister, Saliha Sultan, five years younger than him.[1] He was brought up concealed in the villa of Kadir Bey, molla of Mecca, located in Eyüp.[3] His birth was kept a secret until his father ascended the throne in 1861.[4]

Izzeddin's early education took place in the Prince's School, Dolmabahçe Palace. His tutors were Miralay Süleyman Bey, Ömer Efendi, Tophane Müfti Ömer Lutfi Efendi, Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, and Gürcü Şerif Efendi. He took his French lessons from the Sultan's head doctor Marko Pasha, and Sakızlı Ohannes Pasha's son-in-law Şarl.[3]

Izzeddin was circumcised on 20 June 1870.[5] Other princes who were circumcised along with Izzeddin included Şehzade Selim Süleyman and Şehzade Mehmed Vahideddin, sons of Sultan Abdulmejid I; Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin, son of crown prince Murad; Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin, Izzeddin's own brother; and Sultanzade Alaeddin Bey, son of Münire Sultan, daughter of Abdulmejid.[6]

Military career and public life[]

Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin, at age sixteen in 1873

In November 1861, Izzeddin, then a child of four, was enlisted in the army and was quickly promoted.[7] In 1866, then nine years of age, he was appointed Lieutenant colonel in the imperial Ottoman Army,[8][7] and was screaming commands to his battalion in his child's voice during a parade at Pangatlı when Prince Karl von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen visited Istanbul in October, 1866. A fountain was commissioned in Tophane in his name that same year. On 3 September 1867, aged ten, Izzeddin received the rank of Colonel,[8] and his father took him along a trip to the European capitals.[9]

On 15 July 1868, he was promoted to the rank of Brigradier of the Pure Infantry Regiment in the First Imperial Army.[8] In 1869, he met with the Prince of Wales Edward (future Edward VII) and Princess of Wales Alexandra of Denmark, when they visited Istanbul.[10][11] 30 May 1870, he was given the rank of Brigradier of the Pure Infantry Regiment of both the First and the Second Imperial Army.[8]

On 3 November 1871, at the age of fourteen, Izzeddinn was appointed the Chief of Staff of the First Imperial Army with the rank of Lieutenant-General,[8] and soon after, on 18 April 1872,[8] was appointed commander of the First Army, the Imperial Army.[9][8] In 1874, aged seventeen, he appeared with his father, right after the Grand vizier, the Şeyhülislam and the ministers at the awards ceremonies for graduates of the imperial, medical, and military schools. He delivered the congratulatory speech to the graduates.[12]

Succession question[]

After his accession to the throne, Prince Murad (future Sultan Murad V), became heir to the throne. However, Abdulaziz began considering changing the rule of succession in favour of Izzeddin. For this purpose Abdulaziz set out to mollify different pressure groups and have his son gain popularity among them.[9]

During the 1867 visit to Europe, rumors spread that contrary to the rules of protocol Abdulaziz arranged Izzeddin's reception in Paris and London before the official heir, Prince Murad.[9]

A new propaganda strategy was employed as pictures of Izzeddin appeared in the weekly journal "Ayine-i Vatan" in 1867. It was rumoured that Mehmed Arif, the editor, received a huge grant in return for his beau geste. In one of the pictures, Izzeddin was shown wearing a military uniform. He spent most of his teenage years in barracks, and many high-ranking military men, and higher level bureaucrats were given gifts in return for their support for this situation.[9]

When the conservative Mahmud Nedim Pasha became the Grand vizier in September 1871 he lent his support to Abdulaziz's plans. A whispering comapign was generated in the first months of 1872 to the effect that Abdulaziz had obtained the verbal approval of the Şeyhülislam and that the later would give a fetva in favour of filial succession.[9] Although the Palace denied the rumors, and Mahmud Nedim Pasha asserted that such a change was not on the agenda, Izzeddin was still being favoured in the protocol. An order sent by Vittorio Emanuele, the King of Italy, the official heir to the throne was presented to Izzeddin.[12]

In 1874, his portrait and biography appeared on the front page of "L'Orient Illustre", a French language weekly published in Istanbul. Heretofore, only the portrait of the reigning Sultan had been published by that journal.[12]

To further legitimize his plans, Abdulaziz tactically supported a change to primogeniture in the Muhammad Ali dynasty of Egypt. By granting primogeniture to Isma'il Pasha in 1866, Abdulaziz was clearly seeking to create a positive climate of opinion about a change in favour of his own son. Significantly, at this time the newspapers reported that a ship very much like the one owned by the Khedive was to be constructed for Izzeddin.[13]

Abdul Hamid's reign[]

Izzeddin's father, Abdulaziz was deposed by his ministers on 30 May 1876, and his nephew Murad became the Sultan.[14] He was transferred to Feriye Palace the next day.[15] On 4 June 1876,[16] Abdulaziz died under mysterious circumstances.[17] As both of Emine Sultan, Izzeddin's half-sister, parents died in the summer of 1876, when she was not yet two years old, Izzeddin raised her in his household.[18]

After reigning for three months, Murad was deposed on 30 August 1876,[19] his half-brother, Sultan Abdul Hamid II accended the throne. After which Murad and his family were then confined to the Çırağan Palace.[20] Abdul Hamid was suspicious of Izzeddin, and for this reason had a police station built opposite his country house.[21] He was described a conservative and pious person, and was also known as a proud and arrogant man.[21]

The Committee of Union and Progress considered parliamentarism and constitutionalism important because of the strength of the counterrevolutionary elements in the empire. Beyond that, the CUP was also quite respectful of the Ottoman dynasty and its policies were not anti-monarchist, and didn't wanted to establish a republican administration because they were aware that the Ottoman dynasty held the empire together. When it was rumoured that Abdul Hamid had attempted to change the system of succession in such a way as to leave the throne to his sons, the CUP had reacted against this fercely. The CUP wanted, and were successful in gaining the support of the Ottoman princes for maintaining the existing customs, especially the support of Izzeddin, and the heir to the throne, Şehzade Mehmed Reşad (future Mehmed V).[22]

Crown prince[]

Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin as crown prince

Izzeddin became heir to the throne upon the accession of his cousin Sultan Mehmed V on 27 April 1909.[23] By 1910, he was serving as field marshal in the imperial army.[24] He was also politically aware and active. He was known to be anti-CUP and was hostile to Sultan Mehmed’s endorsement of the government’s war strategy. However, as the CUP closely followed the contacts between the crown prince and anti-CUP politicians, and could control the public impact of their opposition, this did not amount to a significant threat. It was Sultan Mehmed who collaborated with the CUP in preventing the crown prince from engaging in politics.[25]

On 14 May 1912, Izzeddin attended the ceremony marking the third anniversary of Sultan Mehmed's reign on Istanbul's Hill of Eternal Liberty.[26] In July 1915, he visited the Ottoman troops during the Gallipoli campaign. It is rumoured that his visit to Gallipoli provided the demonstration of the rift between the CUP and Izzeddin, who reprimanded Enver Pasha for sacrificing the lives of thousands of Ottoman soldiers in vain.[27]

Izzeddin and Prince Vahideddin (future Mehmed VI) had rivalry with each other. Though, coldly polite to each other, they refused to share the same carriage even for the ceremonies of the state. Vahideddin especially insisted on being considered the second heir apparent.[28]

Personal life[]

Izzeddin's first wife was Çeşmiahu Hanım. Her mother was Mestare Hanım. The two married in 1879. She was the mother of Şehzade Mehmed Bahaeddin. She died in 1911 in the Beşiktaş Palace, and was buried in the mausoleum of Pertevniyal Sultan.[1] His second wife was Cavidan Hanım. Her real name was Esma. She was the daughter of Prince Ömer Pasha Achba,[29] and Princess Ayşe Kemalifer Hanım Dziapş-lpa, the daughter of Prince Mahmud Bey Dziapş-lpa.[30] She was born on 12 January 1870 in Kars, Caucasus. The two married on 20 May 1885 in the Beşiktaş Palace. She died in 1935 in Göztepe, Istanbul.[1]

His third wife was Nazikeda Hanım. Her real name was Amine Seten. She was the daughter of Halil Bey Aredba.[31] She was born on 30 May 1872 in Sukhumi, Abkhazia. The two married on 6 July 1886 in the Beşiktaş Palace. She died in 1946 in Erenköy, Istanbul.[1] His fourth wife was Faika Tazende "Yücesan" Hanım. She was born on 10 October 1875 in Poti, Abkhazia. The two married on 14 October 1892 in the Beşiktaş Palace. She died on 16 June 1950 in Ortaköy, Istanbul, and was buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery. His fifth wife was Ebruniyaz Hanım.[3]

His sixth wife was Leman "Ünlüsoy" Hanım. She was the daughter of Ahmed Bey, and Şükriye Hanım. She was born on 6 June 1888 in Batumi, Georgia.[32] The two married on 4 February 1904 in the Çamlıca Palace. She was the mother of Hatice Şükriye Sultan, Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin, and Mihriban Mihrişah Sultan. She died on 3 August 1953 in the Çamlıca Palace, Istanbul, and was buried in Selami Dergahi.[32]

Death[]

Yusuf Izzeddin suffered from his role and lived his later years in a kind of paranoia, until he committed suicide[33] on 1 February 1916 in his villa at Zincirlikuyu, Istanbul.[23] He was buried in the mausoleum of his grandfather Sultan Mahmud II.[34]

Honours[]

Ottoman honours
Foreign honours

Military appointments[]

  • 1866: Lieutenant colonel, Ottoman Army[8]
  • 3 September 1867: Colonel, Ottoman Army[8]
  • 15 July 1868: Brigadier of the Pure Infantry Regiment in the First Imperial Army[8]
  • 30 May 1870: Brigadier of the Pure Infantry Regiment in the First and Second Imperial Army[8]
  • 3 November 1871: Chief of Staff of the First Imperial Army as Lieutenant-General[8]
  • 18 April 1872: Commander of the First Imperial Army as Lieutenant-General[8]
  • c. 1910: Field Marshal, Ottoman Army[24]

Issue[]

Name Birth Death Notes
By Çeşmiahu Hanım (married 1879; died 1911)
Şehzade Mehmed Bahaeddin February 1883 8 November 1883 died in infancy; buried in tomb of Pertevniyal Sultan
By Leman Hanım (married 4 February 1904; 6 June 1888 – 3 August 1953)
Şükriye Sultan 24 February 1906  1 April 1972 married twice without issue
Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin 11 January 1909[41] 9 March 1933/1935 died unmarried in exile in Locarno, Switzerland; buried in tomb of Sultan Mahmud II
Mihrişah Sultan 30 August 1916  25 January 1987 married twice without issue

Ancestry[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Adra, Jamil (2005). Genealogy of the Imperial Ottoman Family 2005. pp. 8.
  2. ^ Açba, Leyla (2004). Bir Çerkes prensesinin harem hatıraları. L & M. p. 22. ISBN 978-9-756-49131-7.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c YUSUF İZZEDDİN EFENDİ (1857–1916): Sultan Abdülaziz’in oğlu, veliaht şehzade
  4. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 4, 291.
  5. ^ Havacılık tarihinde Türkler: En eski çağlardan 1. Dünya Savaşına kadar. Hava Kuvvetleri Basım ve Neşriyat Müd. 1971. p. 66.
  6. ^ Yıldırım, Tahsin (2006). Veliahd Yusuf İzzettin Efendi Öldürüldü mü? İntihar mı etti?. Çatı Yayıncılık. p. 47.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Korkmaz, Mehmet (2019). Denizin Saraylıları: Bahriye'de Osmanlı Şehzadeleri. pp. 50 n. 24.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Alp 2018, p. 78.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Zachs & Weismann 2005, p. 41.
  10. ^ Russel, Sir William Howard (1869). A Diary in the East During the Tour of the Prince and Princess of Wales, Volume 1. G. Routledge. p. 492.
  11. ^ Grey, Maria Georgina Shirreff (1870). Journal of a Visit to Egypt, Constantinople, the Crimea, Greece, &c:In the Suite of the Prince and Princess of Wales. Harper. pp. 165–66.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c Zachs & Weismann 2005, p. 42.
  13. ^ Zachs & Weismann 2005, p. 43.
  14. ^ Zürcher, Erik J. (15 October 2004). Turkey: A Modern History, Revised Edition. I.B.Tauris. pp. 73. ISBN 978-1-850-43399-6.
  15. ^ Shaw, Stanford J.; Shaw, Ezel Kural (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808-1975, Volume 11. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164. ISBN 978-0-521-29166-8.
  16. ^ Davison, Roderic H. (8 December 2015). Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856-1876. Princeton University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-1-400-87876-5.
  17. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 43.
  18. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 280.
  19. ^ Williams, Augustus Warner; Gabriel, Mgrditch Simbad (1896). Bleeding Armedia: Its History and Horrors Under the Curse of Islam. Publishers union. pp. 214.
  20. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 13.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b Şerifoğlu, Ömer Faruk (2004). Abdülmecid Efendi, Ottoman prince and painter. YKY. pp. 32, 61. ISBN 978-9-750-80883-8.
  22. ^ Glencross & Rowbotham 2018, p. 128-29.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b Brookes 2010, p. 291.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b Salnâme-i Devlet-i Âliyye-i Osmanîyye, 1326 Sene-i Maliye, 64. Sene. Selanik Matbaası. 1910. p. 48-49.
  25. ^ Glencross & Rowbotham 2018, p. 143.
  26. ^ Brookes 2020, p. 67.
  27. ^ Glencross & Rowbotham 2018, p. 146.
  28. ^ Kedourie, Sylvia (1998). Turkey: Identity, Democracy, Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-714-64447-9.
  29. ^ Tuna, Mahinur (2007). İlk Türk kadın ressam: Mihri Rasim (Müşfik) Açba : 1886 İstanbul-1954 New-York. As Yayın. p. 29. ISBN 978-9-750-17250-2.
  30. ^ Açba 2007, p. 84 n. 44.
  31. ^ Açba 2007, p. 183 n. 84.
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b Brookes 2010, p. 283.
  33. ^ Zachs & Weismann 2005, p. 53 n. 66.
  34. ^ Öztuncay, Bahattin (2005). Hatıra-i uhuvvet: portre fotoğrafların cazibesi, 1846-1950. Aygaz. p. 100.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Yılmaz Öztuna (1978). Başlangıcından zamanımıza kadar büyük Türkiye tarihi: Türkiye'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi. Ötüken Yayınevi. p. 164.
  36. ^ Uğur Ünal (2008). Sultan Abdülaziz devri Osmanlı kara ordusu: 1861-1876. Genelkurmay Basımevi. p. 156. ISBN 978-975-409-502-9.
  37. ^ Alp 2018, p. 224.
  38. ^ Alp 2018, p. 243.
  39. ^ Alp 2018, p. 253-54.
  40. ^ Alp 2018, p. 257.
  41. ^ Reşad, Ekrem; Osman, Ferid (1911). Musavver nevsâl-i Osmanî. p. 61.

Sources[]

  • Alp, Ruhat (2018). Osmanlı Devleti'nde Veliahtlık Kurumu (1908-1922).
  • Açba, Harun (2007). Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924. Profil. ISBN 978-9-759-96109-1.
  • Brookes, Douglas Scott (2010). The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78335-5.
  • Zachs, Weismann; Weismann, Itzchak (24 March 2005). Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-850-43757-4.
  • Glencross, Matthew; Rowbotham, Judith (2018). Monarchies and the Great War. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-89515-4.
  • Brookes, Douglas S. (4 February 2020). On the Sultan's Service: Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil's Memoir of the Ottoman Palace, 1909–1912. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-04553-9.
  • New York Times, 4 February 1916

External links[]

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