Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin
Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin.jpg
Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin, aged forty eight, Şehbal, 28 May 1909[1]
Born(1861-08-12)12 August 1861
Dolmabahçe Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (present day Istanbul, Turkey)
Died29 April 1915(1915-04-29) (aged 53)
Feneryolu Palace, Üsküdar, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (present day Istanbul, Turkey)
Burial
Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin Mausoleum, Yahya Efendi Cemetery, Istanbul
Spouse
Dilaviz Hanım
​
​
(m. 1877; died 1880)​
Zatıgül Hanım
​
​
(m. 1878; died 1896)​
Vasfıcihan Hanım
​
​
(m. 1879; div. 1882)​
Naziknaz Hanım
​
​
(his d. 1915)​
Gülter Hanım
​
​
(died 1895)​
Jalefer Hanım
​
​
(m. 1891; his d. 1915)​
Dilberistan Hanım
​
​
(his d. 1915)​
Issuesee below
Names
Turkish: Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin
Ottoman Turkish: شہزادہ محمد صلاح الدین
DynastyOttoman
FatherMurad V
MotherReftarıdil Kadın
ReligionSunni Islam

Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin (Ottoman Turkish: شہزادہ محمد صلاح الدین; 12 August 1861 – 29 April 1915) was an Ottoman prince, the only son of Sultan Murad V, and his second wife Reftarıdil Kadın.

Early life[]

Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin was born on 12 August 1861 in the Dolmabahçe Palace, in Beşiktaş. His father was Sultan Murad V, son of Sultan Abdulmejid I and Şevkefza Kadın, and his mother was Reftarıdil Kadın.[2] He was the eldest child, and only son of her father, and the only child of her mother.[3]

After Abdulmejid's death in 1861, and the accession of his brother Sultan Abdulaziz, Murad became the crown prince. His family lived in a mansion in Kurbağalıdere, which was allocated to him by Abdulaziz. They used to spend their winters in the crown princes apartments located in the Dolmabahçe Palace and the Nisbetiye Mansion.[4]

Selaheddin was circumcised in 1870. Other princes who were circumcised along with him included, his uncles, Şehzade Selim Süleyman, Şehzade Mehmed Vahideddin (future Mehmed VI), sons of Sultan Abdulmejid I, Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin, Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin, sons of Sultan Abdulaziz, and Sultanzade Alaeddin Bey, son of Münire Sultan, daughter of Abdulmejid.[5]

Selaheddin's early education took place in the Prince's School, Dolmabahçe Palace, where his tutor was Süleyman Agha. After graduating from the Prince's School, he was enrolled in the Ottoman Military College.[6]

Confinement[]

Murad's deposition[]

Selaheddin's father, Sultan Murad accended the throne on 30 May 1876, after the deposition of his uncle Sultan Abdulaziz.[7] His family then settled in the Dolmabahçe Palace. After reigning for three months, he was deposed on 30 August 1876,[8] due to mental instability and was imprisoned in the Çırağan Palace. Selaheddin was removed from the military college.[9] He and his mother followed Murad into confinement.[10] At that time he was fifteen years old.[11] His apartments were located on the ground floor of the palace.[12]

Ali Suavi incident[]

Ali Suavi, an Ottoman political activist, journalist, educator, theologian and reformer, involved in the incident

On 20 May 1878,[13] an attempt was made to liberate Murad from the Çırağan Palace and restore him to the throne. Murad's brothers, Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin and Şehzade Selim Süleyman, and sisters, Fatma Sultan and Seniha Sultan, and her husband Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha were involved in the plot.[14] They all wanted to see the rightful Sultan on the throne.[13] During the incident Ali Suavi, the radical political opponent of Abdul Hamid's authoritarian regime stormed the palace with a band of armed refugees from the recent Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).[13] Selahaddin evaded the guards, and followed his loyal servant, Tirendaz Kalfa, to the battleship Mesudiye that was anchored offshore the palace to take him and Murad to announce his accession.[15] Murad didn't reached the battleship,[16] but Selahaddin did.[17] Ali Suavi's men were unable to overcome the fierce resistance of the Beşiktaş police prefect, Hacı Hasan Pasha.[18] The plot failed, and Ali Suavi and most of his men were killed.[19] Selaheddin then returned to the palace.[20] In the aftermath, security at the Çırağan Palace was tightened.[21]

Life in confinement[]

Çırağan Palace, where Selaheddin and his family were confined by Sultan Abdul Hamid for twenty-eight years until Murad's death in 1904

Rifat Pasha, who had been appointed to treat the people of Murad's entourage, proposed Selaheddin to teach him a bit about medicine. Selaheddin gladly accepted his proposal. The two of them decided to say that Selaheddin was suffering from some illness. Rifat Pasha then began to come to the palace frequently, first treating whoever might really be sick before shutting himself up in a room with Selaheddin and working with him. Rifat Pasha would dictate the important things to Selaheddin, who wrote them down and then sat and memorized them at night. Selaheddin's study of medicine in this way proved to be quite useful, for the day came when he even treated his father himself.[22]

After Şevkefza Kadın's death in 1889, Murad focused all his love and attention on his children. Selaheddin became his companion in grief, and the two of them passed long hours together reminiscing about bygone days as well as speculating on the future. For some time father and son took an interest in the Mesnevi, spending hours reciting verses from that work and taking great pleasure in doing so.[23] During this time Selaheddin also wrote a diary which give an account of the daily life of the imprisoned members of his father's immediate family and their retinue.[24]

Personal life[]

His first wife was Dilaviz Hanım,[25] also known as Dilâru.[26] She was a Georgian or a Laz, and was taken before the age of two by a well-to-do family from Batumi, among whom she grew up in Istanbul. She had been in Albania, Syria, and Batumi region. In 1874, she came to Istanbul with her own mistress, and was sold with her own consent when she arrived at the palace of Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha, husband of Princess Seniha Sultan.[25] At the accession of Sultan Murad in 1876, she was presented to the palace along with nine other girls by the pasha.[27] She was given to Selaheddin.[28] They married on 13 March 1877. She was the mother of Ayşe Beyhan Sultan, born in 1878.[25] Soon after she contracted Tuberculosis,[25] after which she was transferred to the Malta Pavilion in Yıldız Palace.[29] She died on 29 June 1880, and was buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery.[30]

Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin's daughters (left to right) in 1907, the princesses Adile Sultan, Rukiye Sultan, Behiye Sultan, and Atiye Sultan. In the center is his grandson Şehzade Ali Vasıb

His second wife was Tevhide Zatıgül Hanım.[31] She was born on 25 January 1864 in Batumi, Georgia.[32] Born as Gülşen, she was the daughter of Ibrahim Bey (died 1885) and his wife Hanım. She had three brothers, Hüseyin Bey, Ömer Bey, and Şehabeddin Bey, and one sister named Nasibe or Hasibe Hanım.[33] She began her service in the palace as a kalfa in the entourage of Sultan Murad in or before 1876.[32] She married Selaheddin on 3 December 1878.[34] She was the mother of Celile Sultan, born in 1882, Rukiye Sultan, born in 1885,[35][36] Adile Sultan, born in 1887,[36] and Emine Atiye Sultan, born in 1892.[37] She died on 8 April 1896,[38] and was buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery.[32]

His third wife was Zeliha Vasfıcihan Hanım.[39] She was presented to the palace by Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha at the accession of Sultan Murad in 1876 along with nine other girls.[27] She was given to Selaheddin's grandmother Şevkefza Kadın.[28] They married in February 1879. She was the mother of Şehzade Livaeddin, born in 1880. The two divorced in 1882,[34] after which she went to live in Orta Pavilion in Yıldız Palace. She remained there for four months, until she was assigned to live in Medina, and was given a monthly stipend of 500 piasters. However, she was not paid the pension and instead worked in a sewing workshop. She then went to Hejaz, and came back to Istanbul in 1909.[40]

Selaheddin flanked by his sons Şehzade Ahmed Nihad (left) and Şehzade Osman Fuad (right) in 1906

His fourth wife was Naziknaz Hanım.[41][42] She was born in 1860.[43] She was the mother of Behiye Sultan, born in 1881,[44] and Şehzade Ahmed Nihad, born in 1883.[45] She died in Nice, France in 1928.[46] His fifth wife was Gülter Hanım.[41] She was born in 1867.[43] She was the mother of Safiye Sultan, born in 1887.[36] She died on 17 February 1895, and was buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery.[38] His sixth wife was Jalefer Hanım.[47] She was born on 19 August 1872[48] in Kars,[49] Caucasus. They married in 1891. She was the mother of Şehzade Osman Fuad, born in 1895.[50] She died on 7 April 1937 in Istanbul.[48] His seventh wife was Cemile Dilberistan Hanım.[51][42] She was born in 1880,[43] In 1934, in accordance to the Surname Law, she took the surname "Hakgil". She died on 12 January 1966 in Istanbul.[52]

Last years and death[]

After Murad's death in 1904, Selaheddin's ordeal in the Çırağan Palace came to an end.[53] He then settled in one of the palaces of Feneryolu, Üsküdar.[3] A prince of high intelligence,[54] Selaheddin, however, having spent many years in confinement, became spiritually and physically ruined. He had aged before time, and the allowance provided to him by the government after the second constitution in 1909, didn't fulfilled his financial crisis.[55] He died on 29 April 1915 at the age of fifty three, having outlived his father by a mere eleven years and leaving two sons and four daughters. He was buried in the mausoleum of Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin, Yahya Efendi Cemetery, Istanbul.[2][3]

Honours[]

Styles of
Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin
Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire (1882–1922).svg
Reference styleHis Imperial Highness
Spoken styleYour Imperial Highness

Issue[]

Name Birth Death Notes
By Dilaviz Hanım (married 13 March 1877; died 29 June 1880)
Ayşe Beyhan Sultan 17 July 1878[34] 21 July 1878[41] born and died in infancy in Çırağan Palace[41]
By Tevhide Zatıgül Hanım (married 3 December 1878; 25 January 1864 – 8 April 1896)
Celile Sultan 3 February 1882[38] 24 November 1899[38] born in Çırağan Palace, her grandfather, Sultan Murad composed a polka for her in 1882 soon after her birth;[57][58] died unmarried in Çırağan Palace, and buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery[38]
Rukiye Sultan 30 May 1885[35][36] 16 June 1971[59] born in Çırağan Palace; married on 17 February 1910 in the Ortaköy Palace,[60][61] and consummated marriage after wedding in April 1913 at the Göztepe Palace[62] to Mehmed Abdülmecid Haydar Bey,[36] without issue; died in Istanbul,[59] and buried in Zincirlikuyu Cemetery[63]
Adile Sultan 7 February 1887[64][36] 6 December 1973[64] born in Çırağan Palace;[64] married on 3 April 1914 to Moralizade Salaheddin Ali Bey,[65] and had one daughter, Nilüfer Hanımsultan;[66] died in Paris, and buried in Bobigny cemetery[64][63]
Emine Atiye Sultan 3 January 1892[37] 10 October 1978[67] born in Çırağan Palace;[41] married on 24 September 1914 at the Erenköy Palace to Osmanpaşazade Hami Bey,[65][68] without issue; died in Istanbul,[67] and buried in tomb of Sultan Mahmud II[63]
By Zeliha Vasfıcihan Hanım (married February 1879 – divorced 1882)
Şehzade Livaeddin 25 June 1880[69] 30 July 1882[70] born and died in childhood in Çırağan Palace
By Naziknaz Hanım (1860 – 1928)
Behiye Sultan 21 August 1881[71][44] 5 March 1948[71] born in Çırağan Palace;[71] married at the Ortaköy Palace on 17 February 1910 to Hafiz Hakki Pasha,[44][60][61] and consummated marriage on 12 January 1911[72] at the Ortaköy Palace after wedding held at the Vasıf Pasha Palace,[73] without issue; died in exile in Cairo, Egypt, and buried in tomb of Abdul Halim Pasha[71][63]
Şehzade Ahmed Nihad 5 July 1883[74][45] 4 June 1954[74] born in Çırağan Palace;[74] married three times, and had issue, a son, Şehzade Ali Vasib; died in exile in Beirut, Lebanon, and buried in Sultan Selim Mosque, Damascus, Syria[74][63]
By Gülter Hanım (1867 – 17 February 1895)
Safiye Sultan 30 June 1887[38][36] 20 February 1911[38] born in Çırağan Palace;[41] died unmarried in Feneryolu Palace, and buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery[38]
By Jalefer Hanım (married 1891; 9 August 1872 – 7 April 1937)
Şehzade Osman Fuad 24 February 1895[75][50] 19 May 1973[76] born in Çırağan Palace;[75] married on 20 March 1920 and divorced in 1932 to Kerime Hanım, without issue; died in exile in Paris, France, and buried in Bobigny cemetery[76][63]
By unknown consorts
Şehzade Mehmed 23 March 1889[38] 23 March 1889[38] born and died in infancy in Çırağan Palace; buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery[38]
Şehzade Mehmed 2 March 1891[38] 2 March 1891[38] born and died in infancy in Çırağan Palace; buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery[38]
Şehzade Nejad 1896[77] 1896[77] born and died in infancy in Çırağan Palace; buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery[77]
Şehzade Nureddin[78] N/A N/A born and died in infancy in Çıra��an Palace[78]
Şehzade Vamık[78] N/A N/A born and died in infancy in Çırağan Palace[78]

In literature[]

  • Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin is a character in Ayşe Osmanoğlu's historical novel The Gilded Cage on the Bosphorus (2020).[79]

Ancestry[]

References[]

  1. ^ Brookes 2020, p. 69.
  2. ^ a b Brookes 2010, p. 289.
  3. ^ a b c Adra, Jamil (2005). Genealogy of the Imperial Ottoman Family 2005. pp. 19.
  4. ^ Satı, İbrahim (2020). Sultan V.Murad'ın Hayatı ve Kısa Saltanatı (1840-1904). p. 17.
  5. ^ Yıldırım, Tahsin (2006). Veliahd Yusuf İzzettin Efendi Öldürüldü mü? İntihar mı etti?. Çatı Yayıncılık. p. 47.
  6. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 22.
  7. ^ Roudometof, Victor (2001). Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 86–87. ISBN 978-0-313-31949-5.
  8. ^ Williams, Augustus Warner; Gabriel, Mgrditch Simbad (1896). Bleeding Armedia: Its History and Horrors Under the Curse of Islam. Publishers union. p. 214.
  9. ^ Alexander W. Hidden (1912). The Ottoman Dynasty: A History of the Sultans of Turkey from the Earliest Authentic Record to the Present Time, with Notes on the Manners and Customs of the People. N. W. Hidden. p. 389.
  10. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 64.
  11. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 99.
  12. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 77.
  13. ^ a b c Brookes 2010, p. 76 n. 51.
  14. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 76.
  15. ^ Brookes 2010, pp. 79, 85 n. 62.
  16. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 79.
  17. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 85 n. 62.
  18. ^ Brookes 2010, pp. 79–80.
  19. ^ Brookes 2010, pp. 76 n. 51, 80 n. 56.
  20. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 83.
  21. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 85.
  22. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 86.
  23. ^ Brookes 2010, pp. 98–99.
  24. ^ Selim Deringil (27 August 2012). Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 206 n. 40. ISBN 978-1-139-51048-6.
  25. ^ a b c d Eldem 2018, p. 22.
  26. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 101.
  27. ^ a b Eldem 2018, pp. 22, 32.
  28. ^ a b Eldem 2018, p. 32.
  29. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 102.
  30. ^ Eldem 2018, pp. 22, 36.
  31. ^ Brookes 2010, pp. 100, 291.
  32. ^ a b c Brookes 2010, p. 291.
  33. ^ Eldem 2018, pp. 22–23.
  34. ^ a b c Eldem 2018, p. 33.
  35. ^ a b Eldem 2018, p. 34.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g Koçu & Sağlam 1911, p. 66.
  37. ^ a b Koçu & Sağlam 1911, p. 67.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Şehsuvaroğlu, Haluk Y. (2005). Asırlar boyunca İstanbul: Eserleri, Olayları, Kültürü. Yenigün Haber Ajansı. p. 148.
  39. ^ Eldem 2018, pp. 32, 40.
  40. ^ Eldem 2018, p. 40.
  41. ^ a b c d e f Brookes 2010, p. 100.
  42. ^ a b Eldem 2018, pp. 19–20.
  43. ^ a b c Vâsıb & Osmanoğlu 2004, p. 421.
  44. ^ a b c Koçu & Sağlam 1911, p. 63.
  45. ^ a b Koçu & Sağlam 1911, p. 54.
  46. ^ Vâsıb & Osmanoğlu 2004, pp. 204, 421.
  47. ^ Brookes 2010, pp. 100, 283.
  48. ^ a b Brookes 2010, p. 283.
  49. ^ Henning, Barbara (3 April 2018). Narratives of the History of the Ottoman-Kurdish Bedirhani Family in Imperial and Post-Imperial Contexts: Continuities and Changes. University of Bamberg Press. p. 425. ISBN 978-3-863-09551-2.
  50. ^ a b Koçu & Sağlam 1911, p. 55.
  51. ^ Musbah Haidar (1944). Arabesque. Hutchinson. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-722-14258-5.
  52. ^ "Cemile Dilberistan Hakgil". Milliyet (in Turkish). 13 January 1966. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  53. ^ Brookes 2010, p. 17.
  54. ^ Frederick George Aflalo (1911). Regilding the Crescent. M. Secker. p. 6.
  55. ^ Brookes 2020, p. 68.
  56. ^ a b c d e Yılmaz Öztuna (1978). Başlangıcından zamanımıza kadar büyük Türkiye tarihi: Türkiye'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi. Ötüken Yayınevi. p. 164.
  57. ^ John Freely (1999). Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul. Viking. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-670-87839-0.
  58. ^ Çelik Gülersoy (1992). The Çerâğan Palaces. İstanbul Kitaplığı. p. 157. ISBN 978-975-7687-08-5.
  59. ^ a b "Rukiye Sultan". Milliyet (in Turkish). 17 June 1971. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  60. ^ a b Brookes 2020, p. 83 n. 5.
  61. ^ a b Vâsıb & Osmanoğlu 2004, p. 53.
  62. ^ Vâsıb & Osmanoğlu 2004, p. 50.
  63. ^ a b c d e f PAZAN, İbrahim (18 December 2014). "HANEDAN NEREDE ÖLDÜ NEREYE GÖMÜLDÜ?". ibrahimpazan.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  64. ^ a b c d Brookes 2010, p. 278.
  65. ^ a b Vâsıb & Osmanoğlu 2004, p. 51.
  66. ^ Bardakçı, Murat (2017). Neslishah: The Last Ottoman Princess. Oxford University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-9-774-16837-6.
  67. ^ a b "Emine Atiye Sultan". Milliyet (in Turkish). 11 October 1978. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  68. ^ "1330 Senesi Eylül'ün Onbirinci Perşembe günü ATİYE SULTAN ile OSMANPAŞAZADE HAMİ BEY'İN ERENKÖY'DEKİ KÖŞKDE EVLENME DAVETİYESİ". İstanbul Müzayede (in Turkish). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  69. ^ Eldem 2018, p. 36.
  70. ^ Eldem 2018, p. 39.
  71. ^ a b c d Brookes 2010, p. 279.
  72. ^ Ekinci, Ekrem Buğra (1 July 2019). "SARAY'A DAMAT OLMAK…". ekrembugraekinci.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  73. ^ Vâsıb & Osmanoğlu 2004, p. 38.
  74. ^ a b c d Brookes 2010, p. 286.
  75. ^ a b Brookes 2010, p. 281.
  76. ^ a b Brookes 2010, p. 282.
  77. ^ a b c Ekinci, Ekrem Buğra (31 March 2017). Sultan Abdülhamid'in Son Zevcesi. Timaş Tarih. p. 92. ISBN 978-6-050-82503-9.
  78. ^ a b c d Vâsıb & Osmanoğlu 2004, p. 26.
  79. ^ May I Introduce His Imperial Highness Prince Mehmed Selahaddin, 6 December 2019, retrieved 13 January 2021

Sources[]

  • Brookes, Douglas Scott (1 January 2010). The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78335-5.
  • Brookes, Douglas S. (4 February 2020). On the Sultan's Service: Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil's Memoir of the Ottoman Palace, 1909–1912. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-04553-9.
  • Eldem, Edhem; Rothstein, Marian (2018). "The Harem as Seen by Prince Salahaddin Efendi (1861-1915). Searching for Women in Male-Authored Documentation". Clio. Women, Gender, History. Editions Belin (48): 29–54. ISSN 2554-3822. JSTOR 26946046.
  • Koçu, Reşat Ekrem; Sağlam, Osman Ferid (1911). Musavver nevsâl-i Osmanî (in Turkish). Marmara University. hdl:11424/48517. OCLC 850834461.
  • Vâsıb, Ali; Osmanoğlu, Osman Selaheddin (2004). Bir Şehzadenin Hâtırâtı: Vatan ve Menfâda Gördüklerim ve İşittiklerim. YKY. ISBN 978-9-750-80878-4.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""