10-second barrier

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 10-second barrier is the physical and psychological barrier of completing the 100 metres sprint in under ten seconds. The achievement is traditionally regarded as the hallmark of a world-class male sprinter. Its significance has become less important since the late 1990s, as an increasing number of runners have surpassed the ten seconds mark.[1] The current men’s world record holder is Usain Bolt, who ran a 9.58 at the 2009 IAAF World Championship competition.

History[]

See also: Men's 100 metres world record progression

For sprints, World Athletics maintains that world records and other recognised performances require: a wind assistance of not more than two metres per second (7.2 kilometres per hour (4.5 mph)) in the direction of travel; fully automatic timing (FAT) to one hundredth of a second; and no use of performance-enhancing substances.[5] Wind gauge malfunctions or infractions may invalidate a sprinter's time.[6]

Hand timing[]

Prior to 1977, FAT was not required for IAAF official timings.[2] Times were recorded manually to one tenth of a second; three official timers with stopwatches noted when the starting gun flashed and when the runner crossed the finish line, and their median recorded time was the official mark. Some races also had an unofficial FAT, or semi-automatic time, often in conjunction with photo finish equipment. The first person timed at under ten seconds was Bob Hayes, who ran 9.9 s in April 1963 at the Mt. SAC Relays, but with a tailwind of 11 mph (4.9 m/s).[3][4] Hayes clocked another illegal 9.9 s (wind 5.3 m/s (12 mph)) in the semi-final of the 1964 Olympic 100 m, with the first sub-10 FAT of 9.91 s.[5] In the final, Hayes' official tenths time of 10.0 s was calculated by rounding down the FAT of 10.06 s; the backup hand-timers recorded 9.8, 9.9, and 9.9, which would have given 9.9 s as the official time if the FAT had malfunctioned.[2] At the 1968 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California, United States, three men ran legal hand-timed 9.9 seconds: Jim Hines first and Ronnie Ray Smith second in the first semi-final, and Charlie Greene first in the second semi-final.[2][6] This was dubbed the "Night of Speed", and all three were recognised as world records by the IAAF.[2] The IAAF lists their FATs as: Hines 10.03, Smith 10.14 and Greene 10.10;[2] although Time magazine reported at the time that "an automatic Bulova Accutron Phototimer confirmed that all three had indeed broken [10.0s]".[7] Hines also had a wind-assisted 9.8 s in the heats.[7] Hines went on to win the 1968 Olympic 100m in 9.9 s, rounded down from his FAT of 9.95, making it the first non-wind-assisted electronic sub-10-second performance.[2] By 1976, six other men had equalled the 9.9 s hand-timed record, though none of their performances had an FAT mark.[2]

Automatic timing[]

Carl Lewis was the first man to run under ten seconds at low altitude.

After the 1977 rule change, Jim Hines' nine-year-old 9.95 was the only recognised sub-10-second race.[2] That year the barrier was broken again, when Silvio Leonard ran 9.98 seconds on 11 August 1977. Both of these marks were recorded at a high altitude, which aids performance due to lower air resistance.

Carl Lewis was the first sprinter to break ten seconds at low altitude under electronic timing, with 9.97 seconds on 14 May 1983 at the Modesto Relays. Calvin Smith recorded a world record 9.93 seconds on 3 July 1983, again at altitude in Colorado Springs, Colorado and became the first sprinter to run under ten seconds twice, in August that year. In total, six sprinters legally broke the barrier during the 1980s. Another, Ben Johnson, had eclipsed both the 9.90 mark and 9.80 mark in 1987, respectively 1988 with 9.83 s and 9.79 s; however, both of these records were disqualified after he tested positive for, and later admitted to, using steroids.

The 100 m final at the 1991 World Championships represented a new zenith in the event: six athletes ran under ten seconds in the same race, and winner Carl Lewis lowered the world record to 9.86 seconds.[8] In second place was Leroy Burrell who also broke the former world record, which had been his at 9.90 seconds. In third place, 0.01 seconds slower than the former world record, was Dennis Mitchell with a time of 9.91 seconds. In fourth place, breaking his own European record of 9.97 seconds, was Linford Christie with a time of 9.92 seconds.

Maurice Greene was the first athlete to run under 9.80 seconds in 1999. Usain Bolt surpassed 9.70 seconds in 2008 and 9.60 in 2009. The 10-second barrier has been broken by athletes from five of the six continental athletic associations, the exception being of South America where Brazilian Robson da Silva holds the area record with ten seconds flat.[9]

The 2008 season saw a new high for sub-10 second performances: 14 runners achieved the feat a total of 53 times between them, the highest ever for either figure. Furthermore, ten men had achieved the result for the first time in that year – another record. The men's 100 metres final at the 2008 Summer Olympics saw a world record and six men clear ten seconds (equalling the number from the 1991 World Championships). Only two months into the start of the outdoor track season, 2011 became a record-breaking year as fifteen men ran under ten seconds between April and June.[10] As of 10 June 2013, 86 sprinters have broken the 10-second barrier with an official, legal time. The men's 100 metres final at the 2012 Summer Olympics saw a new Olympic record and seven out of eight finalists running under 10 seconds. However Tyson Gay, was later disqualified from this race. Prior to his disqualification, he had been in fourth place with a time of 9.80 seconds, the fastest fourth place in history.

On 29 May 2016, former World Champion Kim Collins improved his personal record by running 9.93 +1.9 in Bottrop as a 40-year-old. He improved his own standing as the oldest man to break the 10-second barrier, the first over the age of 40. Omar McLeod, a sprint hurdles specialist, became the first hurdling athlete to break ten seconds in April 2016.[11]

No woman has recorded an official sub-10 second time. The female 100-metre world record is 10.49 seconds, set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988.

Electronically timed marks[]

Sprinters who have broken the 10-second barrier
# Date Athlete Time
0(seconds) 		Age Nationality Continent[1] Best (year)[2] Doping case Ref
1 14 October 1968 Jim Hines 9.95 A[3] 22 years, 34 days  United States North America 9.95 (1968)
2 11 August 1977 Silvio Leonard 9.98 A 21 years, 325 days  Cuba North America 9.98 (1977)
3 14 May 1983 Carl Lewis 9.97 21 years, 317 days  United States North America 9.86 (1991)
4 3 July 1983 Calvin Smith 9.93 A 22 years, 176 days  United States North America 9.93 (1983)
5 5 May 1984 Mel Lattany 9.96 24 years, 269 days  United States North America 9.96 (1984)
6[5] 9 July 1986 Ben Johnson 9.95 24 years, 191 days  Canada North America 9.95 (1986) Yes [12]
7 24 September 1988 Linford Christie 9.97 28 years, 175 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.87 (1993) Yes
8 20 May 1989 Raymond Stewart 9.97 24 years, 63 days  Jamaica North America 9.96 (1991)
9 16 June 1989 Leroy Burrell 9.94 22 years, 115 days  United States North America 9.85 (1994)
10 25 August 1991 Dennis Mitchell 9.99 25 years, 186 days  United States North America 9.91 (1991) Yes
11 25 August 1991 Frankie Fredericks 9.95 23 years, 327 days  Namibia Africa 9.86 (1996)
12 11 September 1991 Andre Cason 9.99 22 years, 234 days  United States North America 9.92 (1993)
13 4 April 1992 Olapade Adeniken 9.97 22 years, 229 days  Nigeria Africa 9.95 (1994)
14 18 April 1992 Michael Marsh 9.93 24 years, 258 days  United States North America 9.93 (1992)
15 18 April 1992 Davidson Ezinwa 9.96 20 years, 148 days  Nigeria Africa 9.94 (1994) Yes
16 21 May 1993 Daniel Effiong 9.99 20 years, 338 days  Nigeria Africa 9.98 (1993) Yes
17 22 July 1994 Jon Drummond 9.99 25 years, 316 days  United States North America 9.92 (1997)
18 22 April 1995 Donovan Bailey 9.99 27 years, 127 days  Canada North America 9.84 (1996)
19 15 June 1995 Bruny Surin 9.97 27 years, 338 days  Canada North America 9.84 (1999)
20 21 April 1996 Ato Boldon 9.93 22 years, 113 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.86 (1998)
21 12 June 1997 Maurice Greene 9.96 22 years, 324 days  United States North America 9.79 (1999)
22 12 June 1997 Kareem Streete-Thompson 9.96 24 years, 74 days  United States North America 9.96 (1997)
23 12 June 1997 Tim Montgomery 9.96 22 years, 138 days  United States North America 9.92 (1997) Yes
24 20 June 1997 Percival Spencer 9.98 22 years, 116 days  Jamaica North America 9.98 (1997)
25 13 July 1997 Seun Ogunkoya 9.97 19 years, 197 days  Nigeria Africa 9.92 (1998)
26 9 August 1998 Vincent Henderson 9.95 25 years, 293 days  United States North America 9.95 (1998)
27 11 September 1998 Obadele Thompson 9.87 A 22 years, 165 days  Barbados North America 9.87 (1998)
28 5 June 1999 Leonard Myles-Mills 9.98 26 years, 27 days  Ghana Africa 9.98 (1999)
29 13 June 1999 Dwain Chambers 9.99 21 years, 69 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.97 (1999) Yes
30 2 July 1999 Jason Gardener 9.98 23 years, 287 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.98 (1999)
31 5 July 1999 Tim Harden 9.92 25 years, 159 days  United States North America 9.92 (1999)
32 2 June 2000 Coby Miller 9.98 23 years, 227 days  United States North America 9.98 (2000)
33 2 June 2000 Bernard Williams 9.99 22 years, 135 days  United States North America 9.94 (2001) Yes
34 21 June 2000 Francis Obikwelu 9.97 21 years, 212 days  Nigeria/ Portugal[4] Africa 9.86 (2004)
35 12 April 2002 Shawn Crawford 9.99 24 years, 88 days  United States North America 9.88 (2004) Yes
36 21 April 2002 Joshua J. Johnson 9.95 25 years, 346 days  United States North America 9.95 (2002)
37 4 May 2002 Brian Lewis 9.99 27 years, 150 days  United States North America 9.99 (2002)
38 27 July 2002 Kim Collins 9.98 26 years, 113 days  Saint Kitts and Nevis North America 9.93 (2016)
39 5 May 2003 Patrick Johnson 9.93 30 years, 221 days  Australia Oceania 9.93 (2003)
40 19 July 2003 Deji Aliu 9.98 27 years, 239 days  Nigeria Africa 9.95 (2003)
41 15 August 2003 John Capel 9.97 24 years, 261 days  United States North America 9.95 (2004) Yes
42 15 August 2003 Justin Gatlin 9.97 21 years, 186 days  United States North America 9.74 (2015) Yes
43 15 August 2003 Mickey Grimes 9.99 26 years, 309 days  United States North America 9.99 (2003) Yes
44 12 October 2003 Uchenna Emedolu 9.97 27 years, 25 days  Nigeria Africa 9.97 (2003)
45 12 June 2004 Asafa Powell 9.99 21 years, 202 days  Jamaica North America 9.72 (2010) Yes
46 14 June 2005 Aziz Zakari 9.99 28 years, 285 days  Ghana Africa 9.99 (2005) Yes
47 25 June 2005 Marc Burns 9.96 22 years, 169 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.96 (2005)
48 25 June 2005 Darrel Brown 9.99 20 years, 257 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.99 (2005)
49 5 July 2005 Ronald Pognon 9.99 22 years, 231 days  France Europe 9.99 (2005)
50 22 July 2005 Leonard Scott 9.94 25 years, 184 days  United States North America 9.91 (2006)
51 25 May 2006 Olusoji Fasuba 9.93 21 years, 320 days  Nigeria Africa 9.85 (2006)
52 25 July 2006 Tyson Gay 9.97 23 years, 350 days  United States North America 9.69 (2009) Yes
53 18 August 2006 Marcus Brunson 9.99 28 years, 116 days  United States North America 9.99 (2006)
54 24 April 2007 Derrick Atkins 9.98 23 years, 109 days  Bahamas North America 9.91 (2007)
55 8 June 2007 Walter Dix 9.93 21 years, 128 days  United States North America 9.88 (2010)
56 26 July 2007 Samuel Francis 9.99 20 years, 121 days  Qatar Asia 9.99 (2007)
57 28 September 2007 Wallace Spearmon 9.96 22 years, 278 days  United States North America 9.96 (2007)
58 3 May 2008 Usain Bolt 9.76 21 years, 256 days  Jamaica North America 9.58 (2009) World Record
59 10 May 2008 Travis Padgett 9.96 21 years, 149 days  United States North America 9.89 (2008)
60 18 May 2008 Richard Thompson 9.93 22 years, 346 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.82 (2014)
61 28 June 2008 Rodney Martin 9.95 25 years, 189 days  United States North America 9.95 (2008) [13]
62 28 June 2008 Mark Jelks 9.99 24 years, 79 days  United States North America 9.99 (2008) Yes [13]
63 28 June 2008 Darvis Patton 9.89 30 years, 207 days  United States North America 9.89 (2008) [13]
64 28 June 2008 Ivory Williams 9.94 23 years, 57 days  United States North America 9.94 (2008) Yes [13]
65 22 July 2008 Nesta Carter 9.98 22 years, 285 days  Jamaica North America 9.78 (2010) Yes
66 15 August 2008 Churandy Martina 9.99 24 years, 43 days  Netherlands Antilles/ Netherlands North America/Europe 9.91 (2012)
67 16 August 2008 Michael Frater 9.97 25 years, 315 days  Jamaica North America 9.88 (2011)
68 24 May 2009 Daniel Bailey 9.99 22 years, 257 days  Antigua and Barbuda North America 9.91 (2009) [14]
69 7 June 2009 Mike Rodgers 9.94 24 years, 44 days  United States North America 9.85 (2011) Yes [15]
70 10 July 2009 Yohan Blake 9.96 19 years, 196 days  Jamaica North America 9.69 (2012) Yes [16][17]
71 28 August 2009 Lerone Clarke 9.99 28 years, 52 days  Jamaica North America 9.99 (2009)
72 9 July 2010 Christophe Lemaitre 9.98 20 years, 28 days  France Europe 9.92 (2011) [18]
73 19 August 2010 Trell Kimmons 9.95 25 years, 37 days  United States North America 9.95 (2010) [19]
74 29 August 2010 Ryan Bailey 9.95 21 years, 138 days  United States North America 9.88 (2010) Yes [20][21]
75 29 August 2010 Mario Forsythe 9.99 24 years, 303 days  Jamaica North America 9.95 (2010) [20]
76[7] 16 April 2011 Steve Mullings 9.90 28 years, 139 days  Jamaica North America 9.80 (2011) Yes [22]
77 23 April 2011 Ngonidzashe Makusha 9.97 24 years, 43 days  Zimbabwe Africa 9.89 (2011) [23]
78 4 June 2011 Nickel Ashmeade 9.96 21 years, 58 days  Jamaica North America 9.90 (2013) [24]
79 4 June 2011 Keston Bledman 9.93 23 years, 88 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.86 (2012) [25]
80 10 June 2011 Mookie Salaam 9.97 21 years, 66 days  United States North America 9.97 (2011) [10]
81 30 June 2011 Jaysuma Saidy Ndure 9.99 26 years, 364 days  Norway Europe 9.99 (2011) [26]
82 6 June 2012 Harry Adams 9.96 22 years, 192 days  United States North America 9.96 (2012) [27]
83 7 July 2012 Kemar Hyman 9.95 22 years, 270 days  Cayman Islands North America 9.95 (2012) [28]
84 7 September 2012 Kemar Bailey-Cole 9.97 20 years, 241 days  Jamaica North America 9.92 (2015)
85 23 May 2013 Isiah Young 9.99 23 years, 138 days  United States North America 9.92 (2018)
86 5 June 2013 Dentarius Locke 9.97 23 years, 175 days  United States North America 9.96 (2013) [29]
87 8 June 2013 Gabriel Mvumvure 9.98 25 years, 105 days  Zimbabwe Africa 9.98 (2013)
88 21 June 2013 Charles Silmon 9.98 21 years, 352 days  United States North America 9.98 (2013)
89 13 July 2013 James Dasaolu 9.91 25 years, 311 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.91 (2013)
90 13 July 2013 Jimmy Vicaut 9.95 21 years, 136 days  France Europe 9.86 (2015)
91 12 April 2014 Simon Magakwe 9.98 A 27 years, 333 days  South Africa Africa 9.98 (2014) Yes [30]
92 17 May 2014 Kemarley Brown 9.93 21 years, 301 days  Jamaica North America 9.93 (2014) [31]
93 8 June 2014 Chijindu Ujah 9.96 20 years, 95 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.96 (2014) [32]
94[8] 13 June 2014 Trayvon Bromell 9.97 18 years, 338 days  United States North America 9.77 (2021) [33]
95 28 September 2014 Femi Ogunode 9.93 23 years, 136 days  Qatar Asia 9.91 (2015) Yes [34]
96 10 May 2015 Clayton Vaughn 9.93 22 years, 360 days  United States North America 9.93 (2015)
97[9] 17 May 2015 Andre De Grasse 9.97 20 years, 188 days  Canada North America 9.89 (2021)
98 17 May 2015 9.99 21 years, 185 days  United States North America 9.99 (2015)
99 20 May 2015 Marvin Bracy 9.95 21 years, 156 days  United States North America 9.85 (2021)
100 30 May 2015 Su Bingtian 9.99 25 years, 274 days  China Asia 9.83 (2021)
101 7 June 2015 Adam Gemili 9.97 21 years, 244 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.97 (2015)
102 25 June 2015 9.94 22 years, 347 days  United States North America 9.94 (2015) [35]
103 25 June 2015 Beejay Lee 9.99 22 years, 48 days  United States North America 9.99 (2015) [35]
104 25 June 2015 9.96 22 years, 280 days  United States North America 9.96 (2015) [36]
105 1 July 2015 Akani Simbine 9.99 21 years, 283 days  South Africa Africa 9.84 (2021)
106 5 July 2015 Henricho Bruintjies 9.97 21 years, 354 days  South Africa Africa 9.97 (2015)
107 11 July 2015 Andrew Fisher 9.94 23 years, 208 days  Jamaica North America 9.94 (2015)
108 12 March 2016 Wayde Van Niekerk 9.98 A 23 years, 241 days  South Africa Africa 9.94 (2017) [37]
109 23 April 2016 Omar McLeod 9.99 21 years, 364 days  Jamaica North America 9.99 (2016) [38]
110 2 June 2016 Ameer Webb 9.94 25 years, 75 days  United States North America 9.94 (2016) [39]
111 6 June 2016 Ben Youssef Meïté 9.99 29 years, 208 days  Ivory Coast Africa 9.96 (2016) [40]
112 8 June 2016 Senoj-Jay Givans 9.96 22 years, 161 days  Jamaica North America 9.96 (2016) [41]
113 11 June 2016 Aaron Brown 9.96 24 years, 15 days  Canada North America 9.96 (2016) [42]
114 12 June 2016 Jak Ali Harvey [10] 9.92 27 years, 39 days  Turkey Europe 9.92 (2016) [43]
115 24 June 2016 Rondel Sorrillo 9.99 30 years, 153 days  Trinidad and Tobago North America 9.99 (2016) [44]
116 3 July 2016 Christian Coleman 9.95 20 years, 119 days  United States North America 9.76 (2019) [45]
117 30 July 2016 Joel Fearon 9.96 27 years, 293 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.96 (2016) [46]
118 17 March 2017 Thando Roto 9.95 21 years, 172 days  South Africa Africa 9.95 (2017) [47]
119 15 April 2017 Ronnie Baker 9.99 23 years, 182 days  United States North America 9.83 (2021) [48]
120 22 April 2017 Odean Skeen 9.98 22 years, 237 days  Jamaica North America 9.98 (2017) [49]
121 13 May 2017 Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake 9.99 23 years, 41 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.99 (2017) [50]
122 7 June 2017 Cameron Burrell 9.93 22 years, 269 days  United States North America 9.93 (2017) [51]
123 7 June 2017 Christopher Belcher 9.93 23 years, 129 days  United States North America 9.93 (2017) [51]
124 23 June 2017 Julian Forte 9.99 23 years, 357 days  Jamaica North America 9.91 (2017) [52]
125 6 July 2017 Ramil Guliyev[11] 9.97 27 years, 38 days  Turkey Europe 9.97 (2017) [53]
126 9 September 2017 Yoshihide Kiryū 9.98 21 years, 268 days  Japan Asia 9.98 (2017) [54]
127 13 May 2018 Kendal Williams 9.99 22 years, 232 days  United States North America 9.99 (2018)
128 25 May 2018 Jaylen Bacon 9.97 21 years, 293 days  United States North America 9.97 (2018)
129 25 May 2018 Andre Ewers 9.98 22 years, 352 days  Jamaica North America 9.98 (2018)
130 9 June 2018 Zharnel Hughes 9.91 22 years, 331 days UK flag m v.gif United Kingdom Europe 9.91 (2018) [55]
131 9 June 2018 Noah Lyles 9.93 20 years, 326 days  United States North America 9.86 (2019)
132 16 June 2018 Arthur Gue Cissé 9.94 21 years, 169 days  Ivory Coast Africa 9.93 (2019) [56]
133 19 June 2018 Xie Zhenye 9.97 24 years, 306 days  China Asia 9.97 (2018) [57]
134 22 June 2018 Filippo Tortu 9.99 20 years, 7 days  Italy Europe 9.99 (2018)
135 9 July 2018 Barakat Al Harthi 9.97 30 years, 24 days  Oman Asia 9.97 (2018) Yes
136 21 July 2018 Tyquendo Tracey 9.96 25 years, 41 days  Jamaica North America 9.96 (2018) [58]
137 7 August 2018 Reece Prescod 9.96 22 years, 160 days  United Kingdom Europe 9.94 (2018) [59]
138 22 February 2019 Roberto Skyers 9.98 27 years, 102 days  Cuba North America 9.98 (2019) [60]
139 20 April 2019 Divine Oduduru 9.94 22 years, 195 days  Nigeria Africa 9.86 (2019) [61]
140 11 May 2019 Abdul Hakim Sani Brown 9.99 20 years, 66 days  Japan Asia 9.97 (2019) [62]
141 12 May 2019 Cravon Gillespie 9.97 22 years, 285 days  United States North America 9.93 (2019) [63]
142 5 June 2019 Mario Burke 9.98 22 years, 79 days  Barbados North America 9.98 (2019) [64]
143 20 July 2019 Yuki Koike 9.98 24 years, 68 days  Japan Asia 9.98 (2019) [65]
144 27 August 2019 Raymond Ekevwo 9.96 20 years, 156 days  Nigeria Africa 9.96 (2019) [66]
145 20 July 2020 Michael Norman 9.86 22 years, 230 days  United States North America 9.86 (2020) [67]
146 26 March 2021 Benjamin Azamati-Kwaku 9.97 23 years, 71 days  Ghana Africa 9.97 (2021) [68]
147 10 April 2021 Kyree King 9.97 26 years, 275 days  United States North America 9.97 (2021) [69]
148 17 April 2021 9.94 21 years, 276 days  United States North America 9.94 (2021) [70]
149 24 April 2021 Fred Kerley 9.91 25 years, 352 days  United States North America 9.84 (2021) [71]
150 13 May 2021 Marcell Jacobs 9.95 26 years, 229 days  Italy Europe 9.80 (2021) [72]
151 14 May 2021 Tlotliso Leotlela 9.94 23 years, 2 days  South Africa Africa 9.94 (2021) [73]
152 6 June 2021 Ryota Yamagata 9.95 28 years, 361 days  Japan Asia 9.95 (2021) [74]
153 20 June 2021 Kenny Bednarek 9.96 22 years, 249 days  United States North America 9.89 (2021)
154 20 June 2021 9.91 19 years, 220 days  United States North America 9.91 (2021) [75]
155 31 July 2021 Enoch Adegoke 9.98 21 years, 145 days  Nigeria Africa 9.98 (2021)
156 14 August 2021 Ferdinand Omurwa 9.86 25 years, 224 days  Kenya Africa 9.77 (2021) [76]


Notes[]

  • 1 The continental athletic association that governs the country that the athlete competes for internationally.
  • 2 The personal career best time achieved by the sprinter.
  • 3 Denotes a run achieved at a high altitude.
  • 4 Francis Obikwelu now competes for Portugal but he first broke the 10-second barrier while competing for Nigeria.
  • 5 Canadian Ben Johnson was the sixth runner to achieve the feat (having recorded multiple finishes under ten seconds), some of the runs were rescinded after Johnson admitted to using steroids between 1981 and 1988. But his 9.95 which he broke the barrier is valid and could be found on the website of world athletics.
  • 6 British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds during the 2001 World Championships quarter-finals on 4 August 2001 (aged 18 years, 334 days) but the wind gauge malfunctioned, invalidating the run.
  • 7 At the Jamaican national trials in June 2011, Steve Mullings had tested positive for the drug Furosemide, a masking agent. On 22 November the Jamaican Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel handed him a lifetime ban from athletics.
  • 8 Trayvon Bromell had broken the 10-second barrier a total of three times (9.99w, 9.77w, 9.92w) prior to recording 9.97, but all were wind-aided.
  • 9 Prior to recording his first legal sub-10 run, Andre De Grasse ran a wind-aided 9.87 on 18 April 2015.
  • 10 Jak Ali Harvey was born in Jamaica.
  • 11 Ramil Guliyev was born in Azerbaijan.

Totals[]

Hand timed marks[]

The following sprinters all received a hand-timed mark of 9.9 seconds. All the runners held the world record simultaneously. However, the timing may not have been precise.

Sprinters who have broken the 10-second barrier with manual timing
Date first broken Athlete Nationality No. of times broken
20 June 1968 Jim Hines[77]  United States 2
20 June 1968 Ronnie Ray Smith  United States 1
20 June 1968 Charles Greene  United States 1
21 June 1972 Steve Williams  United States 4
1 July 1972 Eddie Hart  United States 1
1 July 1972 Rey Robinson  United States 1
5 June 1975 Silvio Leonard  Cuba 1
3 April 1976 Harvey Glance  United States 2
22 May 1976 Don Quarrie  Jamaica 1

References[]

General
Specific
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