120×570mm NATO
120×570mm NATO tank ammunition | |
---|---|
![]() 120×570mm ammunition manufactured by IMI. | |
Type | tank gun |
Place of origin | Federal Republic of Germany |
Service history | |
In service | 1979–present |
Used by | Western Bloc and developing nations. |
Production history | |
Designed | early 1970s |
Specifications | |
Bullet diameter | 120 mm (4.7 in) |
Base diameter | 160 mm (6.3 in) |
Rim diameter | 169 mm (6.7 in) |
Case length | 570 mm (22 in) |
Overall length | 984 mm (38.7 in) |
Rifling twist | none |
Primer type | electric |
120×570mm NATO tank ammunition (4.7 inch) also known as 120×570 R is a common, NATO-standard (STANAG 4385), tank gun semi-combustible cartridge used by 120mm smoothbore guns.
History[]
The 120×570 R cartridge was originally intended for the German Rh-120 smoothbore gun but an interoperability agreement signed between West Germany and France in April 1979, followed in September 1981 by a project to install the M256 120 mm smoothbore gun on future M1A1 Abrams tanks made it a NATO standard.[1][2]
Characteristics[]
The 120×570mm are one-piece ammunition with semi-combustible cartridge cases. These incorporate a short, metallic stub case with an elastomeric sealing ring which allows the use of a normal sliding wedge type of breech and at the same time significantly reduces the weight of the rounds. Thus, a round of 120 mm Rheinmetall APFSDS ammunition has a mass of 19.8 kg, which is little more than the 18 kg mass of a typical 105 mm APFSDS round with the traditional metallic cartridge case.[3]
120×570mm ammunition[]
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Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding sabot (APFSDS)[]
Designation | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Sub-projectile length | Penetrator dimension | L/D ratio (sub-projectile / penetrator only) | Penetrator material & weight | Sub-projectile weight with sabot / without sabot | Propellant type & weight | Muzzle velocity | Velocity drop at 1000 m | Perforation at normal and oblique incidences | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM13 | ![]() |
Rheinmetall | 1979 | 457.7 mm (18.02 in) | ⌀ 38-26 × 315 mm | 8:1 | tungsten alloy | 7.22 kg / 4.64 kg | 7.3 kg | 1650 m/s | 75 m/s | Licensed to Japan as JM13.[citation needed] | |
OFL 120 G1 | ![]() |
GIAT | 1981 | ⌀ 26 mm | 18 density tungsten alloy | 6.2 kg / 3.8 kg | 7.45 kg of B19T | 1630 m/s (1981) 1650 m/s (upgraded, 1987) 1780 m/s[i] (all L/52) |
420 mm at 1000 m,[4] defeat the NATO Single heavy target at 8000 m and the Triple heavy target at 7000 m or 8400 m | Utilize the same penetrator as the OFL 105 F1 105 mm APFSDS in a larger sabot. Upgraded with Israeli-style steel fins instead of aluminium in 1987.[5] | |||
DM23 | ![]() |
Rheinmetall | 1981 or 1983 | 457.7 mm (18.02 in) | ⌀ 32 × 360 mm | 12:1 | tungsten alloy | 7.2 kg / 4.3 kg | 1650 m/s | 420 mm at 2000 m | Produced under licence by Switzerland as PfeilPat 87 | ||
M829 | ![]() |
Alliant Techsystems | 1984 | 475 mm (18.7 in) | ⌀ 27.05 × 407.3 mm | depleted uranium alloy, 3.94 kg[6] | 7.16 kg / 4.5 kg[7] | 8.1 kg of JA-2 | 1675 m/s | 540 mm at 2000 m[8] | |||
DM33 | ![]() |
Rheinmetall | 1987 | ⌀ 28[9] × 510 mm | 20:1 / 19:1[10] | tungsten alloy | 7.3 kg / 4.6 kg[11] | 7.6 kg of 7-hole grain-type | 1650 m/s | 75 m/s[12] | 480 mm at 2000 m | Produced under licence by Japan as JM33 | |
M829A1 | ![]() |
Alliant Techsystems | 1988 | 615.9 mm (24.25 in) | depleted uranium alloy, 4.64 kg[13] | 8.165 kg[14] / 4.88 kg | 7.9 kg of JA-2 | 1575 m/s | Nicknamed the "silver bullet" by US tank crews in Operation Desert Storm. | ||||
KE-T | ![]() |
Alliant Techsystems | 1988 | 658 mm (25.9 in) | tungsten alloy | 7.16 kg | 8.1 kg of JA-2 "solventless" | 1690 m/s | Developed by Alliant Techsystems, NWM de Kruithoorn of the Netherlands for the penetrator and Chamberlain Manufacturing Company of the USA who provided the sabots, fins and projectile assembly facility. | ||||
DM43 | ![]() ![]() |
Rheinmetall and GIAT | 1993 | ⌀ 26 × 600 mm | 27:1 | tungsten alloy | 7.3 kg / 4 kg | 1740 m/s (L/44) | 560 mm at 2000 m[ii] | French-German development, never adopted by the Bundeswehr | |||
M1080 | ![]() |
MECAR | 1990s | tungsten alloy | 7.2 kg / | 1675 m/s (L/44) | 540 mm of RHA at 0°[15] | Features an advanced-design tungsten penetrator. In 1995, the firm began development of an enhanced version of the M1080 which became available in 1999.[16] | |||||
M321 | ![]() |
Elbit Systems | tungsten alloy | approx. 8 kg of M26[17] | 1650 m/s (L/44) | ||||||||
M322 | ![]() |
Elbit Systems | 1990s | tungsten alloy | 8 kg / 5.6 kg[18] | 8 kg of NC-NG | 1705 m/s (L/44) | Also known as CL-3143 (Italy) and SLPPRJ95[19] (Sweden) on the export market. | |||||
M829A2 | ![]() |
General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 1994 | 780 mm (31 in) | depleted uranium alloy, 4.81 kg | 7.9 kg[20] / | 8.7 kg of JA-2 | 1675 or 1680 m/s (L/44) | 61 m/s | ||||
KE-W Terminator | ![]() |
Olin Defense System Groups General Dynamics Ordnanceand Tactical System (later) |
1996 | 778 mm (30.6 in)[21] | ⌀ 22 mm | 20:1 | C2 tungsten alloy | 8.2 kg / 4 kg | 7.9 kg of JA-2 | 1585 m/s (L/44) | |||
DM53 | ![]() |
Rheinmetall | 1999 | 745 mm (29.3 in) | ⌀ 26 × 685 [22] | 26:1 | tungsten alloy | 8.35 kg / ~5 kg | 1670 m/s (L/44) and 1750 m/s (L/55) | 55 m/s | The DM53A1 version differs from the original DM53 by its SCDB propellant firstly introduced with the DM63. | ||
M338 | ![]() |
Elbit Systems | tungsten alloy | 8 kg of LOVA | 1680 m/s (L/44) | 3rd generation Israeli APFSDS | |||||||
M829A3 | ![]() |
Alliant Techsystems (ATK) and Northrop Grumman | 2003 | depleted uranium alloy | 10 kg[23] / 7.2 kg | 8.1 kg or 8.15 kg of RPD-380 sticks | 1555 m/s (M256) | Feature an improved penetrator using a special tip assembly to overcome newer types of ERA. | |||||
AKE-T | ![]() |
2021 | tungsten alloy | Consist of the in-service M829A4 and the new Advanced Kinetic Energy - Tungsten round replacing the A4's depleted uranium penetrator[24] |
HEAT (High Explosive Anti-Tank)[]
Designation | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Weight, complete round (kg) | Projectile weight (kg) | Explosive filling (kg) | Propellant type & weight | Muzzle velocity | Perforation at normal and oblique incidences | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM12 MZ | West Germany | 23.2 kg | 13.5 kg | 1.62 kg | 1140 m/s | |||||
DM12A1 MZ | West Germany | 23.2 kg | 14.1 kg | 1.62 kg | 1140 m/s | 480 mm or 220 mm @ 60° at all ranges | DM12 fitted with a fragmentation sleeve. Produced under licence by the US as M830 with exception of the fuze and the explosive | |||
OCC 120 G1 | France | 1981 | 28.5 kg | 14.2 kg | 5.7 kg of B19T | 1050 or 1080 m/s | Defeat the Triple heavy NATO target | significant anti-personnel effects | ||
OECC 120 F1 | France | 24.3 kg | 14.4 kg | RDX-TNT | 1100 m/s | Defeat the Single heavy and Triple heavy NATO targets[25] | improved anti-personnel effects over the OCC 120 G1 | |||
M830 HEAT-MP-T | USA | General Dynamics | 1985 | 24.2 kg | 13.5 kg | 1.662 kg | 5.5 of DIGL-RP sticks | 1140 m/s | technology transfer from the German DM12A1 except for the M764 fuze, double safety, and propellant containment bag[26] | |
M830A1 HEAT-MP-T (a.k.a MPAT) | USA | 1994 | 24.68 kg | 11.4 kg | Comp. B | 7.1 kg of 19 Perf JA-2 | 1400 m/s | 20% performance increase against bunkers and a 30% performance increase against light armored vehicles.[27] | 80 mm sub-caliber warhead fitted with a multifunction fuzing system with airburst capability[28] Produced under license as K280 HEAT-MP-T by Poongsan, South-Korea. | |
M325 HEAT-MP- | Israel | Elbit Systems | 25 kg | 1.8 kg Comp. B | 5.6 kg of M26/M30 | 1078 m/s (L/44) |
High Explosive (HE) and anti-personnel[]
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Designation | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Weight, complete round (kg) | Projectile weight (kg) | Propellant type & weight | Muzzle velocity | Explosive filling (kg) | Fuzing | Effects | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IM HE-T | Norway | Nammo | 26.7 kg | 15.9 kg | 1030 m/s | Dual-mode: Superquick and delay[29] | Produced under license by GD-OTS Canada[30] | ||||
OE 120 F1 | France | Nexter | 2005 | 25.5 kg | 15.5 kg | 1050 m/s | |||||
120 EXPL F1 | France | Nexter | 2011 | 27 kg | 16.8 kg | 1000 m/s | 3 kg HE-frag | programmable | |||
DM11 HE temp | Germany | Rheinmetall | 2009 | 29 kg | 19 kg | 950 m/s (L/44) or 1100 m/s (L/55) | 2.17 kg HE with 600 tungsten balls[31] | 3 modes: PD, PDwD and AB | 80 m cone-shaped fragmentation pattern | In service with the US Marine Corps under the Mk. 324 designation[32] | |
M339 HE-MP-T | Israel | Elbit Systems | 27 kg | 17 kg | 4.5 kg of NC-NG | 900 m/s | 2.3 kg of CLX663 | 3 modes: PDD, PD and AB | capable of penetrating 200 mm double reinforced concrete walls[33] | ||
120 mm HE M3M | France | Nexter | 2016 | 28 kg | 18 kg | 1050 m/s | 3 modes: SQ, AB and delay[34] |
Close Combat[]
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Designation | Type | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Weight, complete round (kg) | Projectile weight (kg) | Propellant type & weight | Muzzle velocity | Filling | Fuzing | Effects | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1028 | canister | USA | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 22.9 kg | 15.9 kg | 1410 m/s | 1100 tungsten balls | no | 500 m effective range | Produced under license by Nexter as OEFC 120 F1 and Nammo as 120 mm IM Canister. | ||
M337 STUN | less-than-lethal ammunition | Israel | Elbit Systems | 13.5 kg | 3.5 kg | 6 kg of M30 | plastic flakes | no | creates a flash, bang and blast effect and also disperses plastic flakes in the vicinity of the tank[35] |
Guided munition[]
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120 mm smoothbore guns using 120x570mm ammunition[]
- Rh-120 L44 (
Germany)
- Rh-120 L55 (
Germany)
- Rh-120 L55A1 (
Germany)
- M256 (
USA)
- M256E1 (
USA)
- XM360 (
USA)
- XM360E1 (
USA)
- CN 120-25 (
France)
- CN 120-26 (
France)
- 120 FER (
France)
- MG251 (
Israel)
- MG253 (
Israel)
- C-1 (
Italy)
- GT-9 (
South Africa)
- CTG (
Switzerland)
- KM256 (
South Korea)
- KBM-2 (
Ukraine)
See also[]
- 105×617mm tank gun ammunition
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ Hunnicutt, R.P. (February 1991). Abrams: A History of the American Main Battle Tank. Presidio Press. p. 320. ISBN 978-0891413882.
- ^ "NATO - STANAG 4385 120mm x 570 Ammunition for Smooth Bore Tank Guns". standards.globalspec.com. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1 April 1991). Technology of Tanks (Jane's Information Group ed.). London. p. 76. ISBN 978-0710605955.
- ^ Hilmes, Rolf (1988). Kampfpanzer - Die Entwicklungen der Nachkriegszeit. Frankfurt am Main Bonn: Report Verlag GmbH. p. 38.
- ^ "Satory XI - collaborative programs show through". International Defense Review. 20 (9): 1244. 1987.
- ^ Fahey, Dan. "SCIENCE OR SCIENCE FICTION? Facts, Myths and Propaganda In the Debate Over Depleted Uranium Weapons" (PDF). wise-uranium.org. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "Americká tanková protitanková munice s kinetickým účinkem". mainbattletanks.czweb.org. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "120 mm M829 APFSDS-T cartridge (United States), Tank and anti-tank guns". Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "AUSA '86 anti-armour, air-defense and small-arms development dominate a good show". International Defense Review. 19 (12): 1809. 1986.
- ^ "AUSA '86 anti-armour, air-defense and small-arms development dominate a good show". International Defense Review. 19 (12): 1809. 1986.
- ^ Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 97. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ "AUSA '86 anti-armour, air-defense and small-arms development dominate a good show". International Defense Review. 19 (12): 1809. 1986.
- ^ Fahey, Dan. "SCIENCE OR SCIENCE FICTION? Facts, Myths and Propaganda In the Debate Over Depleted Uranium Weapons" (PDF). wise-uranium.org. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "Americká tanková protitanková munice s kinetickým účinkem". mainbattletanks.czweb.org. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 72. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ "Tank Gun Ammunition (Europe)". docplayer.net. Forecast International. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ "AmmunitionskatalogData och bild" (PDF). www.imisystems.com. IMI. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
- ^ "AmmunitionskatalogData och bild" (PDF). hemvarnet.se. FMV. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ Alexandersson, Anders. "Today's explosive reactive armour –is it possible to defeat it with the Swedish tank ammunition?" (PDF). diva-portal.se. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "M829A2 APFSDS-T 120MM KE TACTICAL CARTRIDGE" (PDF). alternatewars.com. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "KE-W APFSDS-T 120MM TUNGSTEN TACTICAL CARTRIDGE" (PDF). alternatewars.com. General Dynamics Ordnanceand Tactical System. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ https://cdn-live.warthunder.com/uploads/9b/56/76/bae46f3ada2ab5e29c9a1c6d8c04f049e7_mq/IMG_4483.JPG.a248c8f17f29ef012c1baba30e9d5441.jpg
- ^ "120mm M829A3 APFSDS-TARMOR PIERCING FIN STABILIZED DISCARDING SABOT w/TRACER" (PDF). fbcinc.com. Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "kinetic energy ammunition". defencetechnologyreview.partica.online. Defence Technology Review. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ Chassillan, Marc (April 2005). Char Leclerc de la guerre froide aux conflits de demain. E-T-A-I. p. 191. ISBN 978-2726894385.
- ^ "120mm M830 High Explosive Anti-Tank-Multi Purpose - Tracer (HEAT-MP-T)". fas.org. Federation of American Scientists (FAS). Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "120mm M830A1 HEAT-MP-T" (PDF). fbcinc.com. Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ^ "120mm M830A1 HEAT-MP-T" (PDF). fbcinc.com. Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ^ "120 mm IM HE-T". nammo.com. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "High Explosive IM HE-T & Trainer IM HE-TP". gd-otscanada.com. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "Correct shell for the right purpose". kaskus.co.id. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "press release" (PDF). rheinmetall-defence.com. Rheinmetall Defence. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "Elbit Systems Land Tank Ammunition Portfolio" (PDF). elbitsystems.com. Elbit Systems. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "120mm HE M3M 120mm AMMUNITION FOR NATO GUNS". armscom.net. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "Elbit Systems Land Tank Ammunition Portfolio" (PDF). elbitsystems.com. Elbit Systems. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
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