1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries

1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries
	Primaries by state
Previous Democratic nominee; Adlai Stevenson;	Democratic nominee ; John F. Kennedy;

From March 8 to June 7, 1960, voters of the Democratic Party elected some of the delegates to the 1960 Democratic National Convention. The presidential primaries were inconclusive, as several of the leading contenders did not enter them, but U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy emerged as the strongest candidate and secured the nomination at the Convention, held from July 11 to 15 in Los Angeles.

Primary race[]

Recalling the experience of 1928 Catholic Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith, many wondered if anti-Catholic prejudice would affect Kennedy's chances of winning the nomination and the election in November.^[1] To prove his vote-getting ability, Kennedy challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey, a liberal, in the Wisconsin primary. Although Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin, the fact that his margin of victory came mostly from heavily Catholic areas left many party bosses unconvinced of Kennedy's appeal to non-Catholic voters. Kennedy next faced Humphrey in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia, where anti-Catholic bigotry was said to be widespread. Humphrey's campaign was low on money and could not compete with the well-organized, well-financed Kennedy team. Kennedy's attractive sisters and brothers combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he "felt like an independent merchant running against a chain store."^[2] On primary day, Kennedy crushed Humphrey with over 60% of the vote. Humphrey withdrew from the race and Kennedy had gained the victory he needed to prove to the party's bosses that a Catholic could win in a non-Catholic state. In the months leading up to the Democratic Convention, Kennedy traveled around the nation persuading delegates from various states to support him. However, as the Convention opened, Kennedy was still a few dozen votes short of victory.^{[citation needed]}

Although Kennedy won primaries by comfortable margin, his main opponent, Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who did not participate in primaries, had a very strong base in party establishment and gained many delegates. Johnson did not join any primary, but was a write-in.^[3]

Candidates[]

The following political leaders were candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination:

Major candidates[]

These candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.

Competing in primaries[]

Candidate	Most recent position	Home state	Campaign
John F. Kennedy	U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1953–60)	Massachusetts	(Campaign)
Hubert Humphrey	U.S. Senator from Minnesota (1949–64)	Minnesota	(Campaign)
Wayne Morse	U.S. Senator from Oregon (1945–69)	Oregon	(Campaign)

Bypassing primaries[]

The following candidates did not place their name directly on the ballot for any state's presidential primary, but may have sought to influence to selection of un-elected delegates or sought the support of uncommitted delegates.

Candidate	Most recent position	Home state	Campaign
Lyndon B. Johnson	U.S. Senator from Texas (1949–61)	Texas	(Campaign)
Adlai Stevenson II	Former Governor of Illinois (1949–53)	Illinois	(Campaign)
Stuart Symington	U.S. Senator from Missouri (1953–76)	Missouri	(Campaign)
Robert B. Meyner^[4]	Governor of New Jersey (1954–62)	New Jersey	(Campaign)

Favorite sons[]

The following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media.

Governor Ross Barnett of Mississippi
Governor Pat Brown of California (pledged support to Kennedy)
Governor Michael DiSalle of Ohio (pledged support to Kennedy)
Governor Herschel Loveless of Iowa
George H. McLain of California
Albert S. Porter of Ohio
Senator George Smathers of Florida

Declined to run[]

The following persons were listed in two or more major national polls or were the subject of media speculation surrounding their potential candidacy, but declined to actively seek the nomination.

Senator Joseph Clark of Pennsylvania
Former Governor Frank G. Clement of Tennessee
Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas
Senator Albert Gore of Tennessee
Former Governor W. Averell Harriman of New York
Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee
Governor Edmund Muskie of Maine
Governor G. Mennen Williams of Michigan

Polling[]

National polling[]

Poll source	Publication	Pat Brown	Hubert Humphrey	Estes Kefauver	John F. Kennedy	Lyndon Johnson	Adlai Stevenson	Stuart Symington	Other	Undecided
Gallup^[5]	Aug. 11, 1957	–	5%	29%	23%	8%	–	5%	14%^[a]	16%
Gallup^[6]	Nov. 16, 1957	–	3%	26%	19%	11%	–	5%	15%^[b]	21%
Gallup^[7]	June 11, 1958	–	3%	16%	19%	12%	23%	4%	8%^[c]	15%
Gallup^[8]	Nov. 30, 1958	–	1%	11%	23%	6%	29%	5%	11%^[d]	14%
Gallup^[9]	Jan. 25, 1959	–	4%	10%	25%	7%	29%	4%	12%^[e]	9%
Gallup^[10]	April 5, 1959	–	–	12%	28%	9%	27%	5%	11%^[f]	9%
Gallup^[11]	May 18, 1959	–	5%	10%	25%	13%	26%	7%	6%^[g]	8%
Gallup^[12]	June 10, 1959	–	6%	–	26%	12%	29%	4%	6%^[h]	8%
Gallup^[13]	July 9, 1959	–	4%	11%	29%	14%	25%	6%	4%^[i]	7%
Gallup^[14]	Aug. 14, 1959	2%	5%	9%	26%	12%	26%	7%	6%^[j]	7%
Gallup^[15]	Sep. 27, 1959	1%	5%	9%	30%	10%	26%	6%	8%	5%
Gallup^[16]	Nov. 18, 1959	3%	4%	10%	27%	11%	26%	6%	5%^[k]	8%
Gallup^[17]	Dec. 18, 1959	3%	4%	10%	24%	14%	26%	5%	4%^[l]	10%
Gallup^[18]	Jan. 29, 1960	2%	5%	6%	32%	12%	28%	6%	3%^[m]	6%
Gallup^[19]	Feb. 26, 1960	–	6%	6%	35%	13%	23%	5%	5%^[n]	7%
Gallup^[20]	March 27, 1960	3%	5%	–	34%	15%	23%	6%	6%	8%
Gallup^[21]	April 20, 1960	3%	7%	–	39%	11%	21%	6%	5%	8%
Gallup^[22]	May 27, 1960	–	7%	–	41%	11%	21%	7%	9%	4%

^ Frank Clement with 6%, G. Mennen Williams with 4%, Edmund Muskie with 2%, Robert Meyner and Robert Kerr combined for 2%
^ Frank Clement with 6%, Robert Meyner with 3%, and 6% combined for Happy Chandler, G. Mennen Williams, and Robert Kerr
^ Frank Clement with 4%, Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams combined for 4%
^ G. Mennen Williams with 5%, Orval Faubus with 4%, and Robert Meyner with <2%
^ G. Mennen Williams with 5%, Orval Faubus with 5%, and Robert Meyner with 2%
^ Combined for Orval Faubus, Hubert Humphrey, Robert Meyner, and G. Mennen Williams
^ Combined for G. Mennen Williams, Orval Faubus, and Robert Meyner
^ Combined for Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams
^ Combined for Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams
^ Robert Meyner with 3%, G. Mennen Williams with 3%
^ G. Mennen Williams with 3% and Robert Meyner with 2%
^ Robert Meyner with 2% and G. Mennen Williams with 2%
^ G. Mennen Williams with 2% and Robert Meyner with 1%
^ Robert Meyner with 2%; Pat Brown, G. Mennen Williams, Wayne Morse, and Chester Bowles combined for 3%

Two-way races[]

Kennedy v. Kefauver

Poll source	Date(s)	Estes Kefauver	John F. Kennedy	Undecided
Gallup^[23]	Feb. 7, 1958	35%	56%	9%

Kennedy v. Johnson

Poll source	Date(s)	Lyndon Johnson	John F. Kennedy	Undecided
Gallup^[24]	Feb. 28, 1960	32%	58%	10%

Kennedy v. Stevenson

Poll source	Date(s)	John F. Kennedy	Adlai Stevenson	Undecided
Gallup^[25]	Dec. 3, 1958	42%	42%	16%
Gallup^[26]	Feb. 6, 1959	44%	45%	1%
Gallup^[27]	June 12, 1959	45%	44%	11%
Gallup^[24]	Feb. 28, 1960	50%	43%	7%
Look magazine^[28]	June 21, 1960	59%	20%	21%

Johnson v. Symington

Poll source	Date(s)	Lyndon Johnson	Stuart Symington	Undecided
Gallup^[24]	February 28, 1960	47%	28%	25%

Statewide polling[]

West Virginia[]

Poll source	Date(s)	Sample size^[a]	Hubert Humphrey	John F. Kennedy	Other	Undecided
The Fayette Tribune^[29]	May 6, 1960	181 A in Fayette County	24%	38%	–	39%

Wisconsin[]

Poll source	Date(s)	Sample size^[a]	Hubert Humphrey	John F. Kennedy	Lyndon Johnson	Adlai Stevenson	Stuart Symington	Other	Undecided
Sen. William Proxmire^[30]	Aug 5, 1959	1,311 A	17%	43%	4%	29%	7%	–	–

Debates[]

Humphrey-Kennedy debate[]

On May 4, 1960, Humphrey and Kennedy took part in a televised one-on-one debate at WCHS-TV in Charleston, West Virginia, ahead of the state's primary.^[31]

Primaries[]

States by winner[]


		John F. Kennedy	Pat Brown	Hubert Humphrey	George Smathers	Michael DiSalle	Unpledged
March 8	New Hampshire	85%	–	–	–	–	–
April 5	Wisconsin	56%	–	44%	–	–	–
April 12	Illinois	65%	–	8%	–	–	–
April 19	New Jersey	–	–	–	–	–	100%
April 26	Massachusetts	92%	–	1%	–	–	–
April 26	Pennsylvania	71%	–	4%	–	–	–
May 3	Indiana	81%	–	–	–	–	–
May 3	Ohio	–	–	–	–	60%	–
May 3	D.C.	–	–	57%	–	–	–
May 10	Nebraska	89%	–	4%	–	–	–
May 10	West Virginia	61%	–	39%	–	–	–
May 17	Maryland	70%	–	–	–	–	8%
May 20	Oregon	51%	–	6%	–	–	–
May 24	Florida	–	–	–	100%	–	–
June 7	California	–	67%	–	–	–	–
June 7	South Dakota	–	–	100%	–	–	–

Total popular vote[]

Total number of vote in primaries:

candidates:

John F. Kennedy - 1,847,259 (31.43%)
Hubert Humphrey - 590,410 (10.05%)
Unpledged delegates - 241,958 (4.12%)
Wayne Morse - 147,262 (2.51%)
Adlai Stevenson - 51,833 (0.88%)

"Favorite Sons:"

Pat Brown - 1,354,031 (23.04%)
George H. McLain - 646,387 (11.00%)
George Smathers - 322,235 (5.48%)
Michael DiSalle - 315,312 (5.37%)

Convention[]

Presidential nomination[]

Presidential tally:^[32]

John F. Kennedy: 806 (52.89%)
Lyndon B. Johnson: 409 (26.84%)
Stuart Symington: 86 (5.64%)
Adlai Stevenson: 80 (5.25%)
Robert B. Meyner: 43 (2.82%)
Hubert Humphrey: 42 (2.76%)
George Smathers: 30 (1.97%)
Ross Barnett: 23 (1.51%)
Herschel C. Loveless: 2 (0.13%)
Pat Brown, Orval E. Faubus, Albert Dean Rosellini: each 1 vote

Vice-presidential nomination[]

Kennedy announced Lyndon B. Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon following his nomination.^[33] Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening.^[34]

Notes[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear

References[]

^ "John Kennedy As U.S. Presidential Hopeful". The Canberra Times. Associated Press. January 2, 1960. p. 2. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
^ Schlesinger, Arthur M. (2002) [1978]. Robert Kennedy and His Times. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 195. ISBN 0-618-21928-5.
^ Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1960
^ Oliphant, Thomas; Wilkie, Curtis (2017). The road to Camelot: Inside JFK's Five-Year Campaign. Simon & Schuster.
^ Gallup, George (11 Aug 1957). "Kefauver, Kennedy Tops in Party". The Washington Post. p. E5.
^ Gallup, George (17 Nov 1957). "GALLUP POLL SHOWS: Kefauver Democratic Choice for 1960, Sen. Kennedy Second". Los Angeles Times. p. 21.
^ Gallup, George (11 June 1958). "Stevenson Top Choice of Democratic Voters". Los Angeles Times. p. 15.
^ Gallup, George (30 Nov 1958). "Stevenson Tops Poll of Democrats: Kennedy Leads in Gallup Survey of Independent Voters". Los Angeles Times.
^ Gallup, George (25 Jan 1959). "STEVENSON LEAD IN POLL LOWERED: Kennedy Closes Gap Over November Gallup Rating; Still lndependents'-Choice". Los Angeles Times. p. A.
^ Gallup, George (5 Apr 1959). "Kennedy, Stevenson Tie for Democratic Favor: Massachusetts Senator Gains Slightly, Gallup Poll Sampling Reveals". Los Angeles Times.
^ Gallup, George (18 May 1959). "Stevenson, Kennedy Run Close: Gallup Poll Shows Johnson Third With Democrats". Los Angeles Times. p. 6.
^ Gallup, George (10 June 1959). "Top Places Maintained by Stevenson, Kennedy". The Hartford Courant. p. 16.
^ Gallup, George (9 July 1959). "Kennedy Moves Out Ahead of Adlai In Democrats' Rating for Nomination". The Washington Post. p. A21.
^ Gallup, George (14 Aug 1959). "Kennedy and Stevenson Still Pace the Democrats". The Washington Post. p. D4.
^ Gallup, George (27 Sep 1959). "Party Rates Kennedy No. 1". The Boston Globe. p. A3.
^ Gallup, George (18 Nov 1959). "Stevenson Pulls Closer to Kennedy in Poll". The Hartford Courant. p. 16.
^ Gallup, George (18 Dec 1959). "Kennedy Loses Ground Slightly, Johnson Gains". The Washington Post. p. A21.
^ Gallup, George (29 Jan 1960). "Kennedy Scores Gain in Democrat Backing". Los Angeles Times. p. 6.
^ Gallup, George (26 Feb 1960). "Kennedy Lead Gains as Democratic Choice". Los Angeles Times. p. 21.
^ Gallup, George (27 Mar 1960). "Kennedy Keeps Lead in Democratic Vote". Los Angeles Times. p. A.
^ Gallup, George (20 Apr 1960). "Kennedy Widens Lead in New Gallup Poll". Los Angeles Times. p. 24.
^ Gallup, George (27 May 1960). "Kennedy In Same Spot As Previous Candidates". The Hartford Daily Courant. p. 17.
^ Gallup, George (7 Feb 1958). "Kennedy Widens Lead Over Kefauver in Poll". Los Angeles Times. p. 24.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Gallup, George (28 Feb 1960). "Kennedy Favored by Democrats". Los Angeles Times. p. B14.
^ Gallup, George (3 Dec 1958). "Kennedy, Stevenson Tied As '60 'Show-Down' Choice". The Hartford Courant.
^ Gallup, George (6 Feb 1959). "GALLUP POLL REPORTS:: Stevenson in Slight Gain on Sen. Kennedy". Los Angeles Times.
^ Gallup, George (12 June 1959). "Stevenson, Kennedy in Close Race". Los Angeles Times. p. 17.
^ "Poll Finds Nixon, Kennedy Favored". The Washington Post. 21 June 1960.
^ Lawrence, W.H. (6 May 1960). "West Virginia Poll Finds Kennedy Gain". The New York Times. p. 1.
^ "Kennedy, Nixon in Poll Lead". The Austin Statesman. 5 Aug 1959. p. 3.
^ Jr, Goodwin F. Berquist (1 September 1960). "The Kennedy‐Humphrey debate". Today's Speech. pp. 2–31. doi:10.1080/01463376009385139. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
^ Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 11, 1960
^ White, Theodore (1961). The Making of the President 1960. Giant Cardinal. p. 212.
^ Lawrence, W. H. (July 15, 1960). "Johnson is Nominated for Vice President; Kennedy Picks Him to Placate the South". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 September 2016.

[6] Frank Clement with 6%, G. Mennen Williams with 4%, Edmund Muskie with 2%, Robert Meyner and Robert Kerr combined for 2%

[8] Frank Clement with 6%, Robert Meyner with 3%, and 6% combined for Happy Chandler, G. Mennen Williams, and Robert Kerr

[10] Frank Clement with 4%, Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams combined for 4%

[12] G. Mennen Williams with 5%, Orval Faubus with 4%, and Robert Meyner with <2%

[14] G. Mennen Williams with 5%, Orval Faubus with 5%, and Robert Meyner with 2%

[16] Combined for Orval Faubus, Hubert Humphrey, Robert Meyner, and G. Mennen Williams

[18] Combined for G. Mennen Williams, Orval Faubus, and Robert Meyner

[20] Combined for Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams

[22] Combined for Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams

[24] Robert Meyner with 3%, G. Mennen Williams with 3%

[27] G. Mennen Williams with 3% and Robert Meyner with 2%

[29] Robert Meyner with 2% and G. Mennen Williams with 2%

[31] G. Mennen Williams with 2% and Robert Meyner with 1%

[33] Robert Meyner with 2%; Pat Brown, G. Mennen Williams, Wayne Morse, and Chester Bowles combined for 3%

[key-43] Jump up to: ^a ^b Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear

[1] "John Kennedy As U.S. Presidential Hopeful". The Canberra Times. Associated Press. January 2, 1960. p. 2. Retrieved March 25, 2021.

[2] Schlesinger, Arthur M. (2002) [1978]. Robert Kennedy and His Times. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 195. ISBN 0-618-21928-5.

[3] Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1960

[4] Oliphant, Thomas; Wilkie, Curtis (2017). The road to Camelot: Inside JFK's Five-Year Campaign. Simon & Schuster.

[5] Gallup, George (11 Aug 1957). "Kefauver, Kennedy Tops in Party". The Washington Post. p. E5.

[7] Gallup, George (17 Nov 1957). "GALLUP POLL SHOWS: Kefauver Democratic Choice for 1960, Sen. Kennedy Second". Los Angeles Times. p. 21.

[9] Gallup, George (11 June 1958). "Stevenson Top Choice of Democratic Voters". Los Angeles Times. p. 15.

[11] Gallup, George (30 Nov 1958). "Stevenson Tops Poll of Democrats: Kennedy Leads in Gallup Survey of Independent Voters". Los Angeles Times.

[13] Gallup, George (25 Jan 1959). "STEVENSON LEAD IN POLL LOWERED: Kennedy Closes Gap Over November Gallup Rating; Still lndependents'-Choice". Los Angeles Times. p. A.

[15] Gallup, George (5 Apr 1959). "Kennedy, Stevenson Tie for Democratic Favor: Massachusetts Senator Gains Slightly, Gallup Poll Sampling Reveals". Los Angeles Times.

[17] Gallup, George (18 May 1959). "Stevenson, Kennedy Run Close: Gallup Poll Shows Johnson Third With Democrats". Los Angeles Times. p. 6.

[19] Gallup, George (10 June 1959). "Top Places Maintained by Stevenson, Kennedy". The Hartford Courant. p. 16.

[21] Gallup, George (9 July 1959). "Kennedy Moves Out Ahead of Adlai In Democrats' Rating for Nomination". The Washington Post. p. A21.

[23] Gallup, George (14 Aug 1959). "Kennedy and Stevenson Still Pace the Democrats". The Washington Post. p. D4.

[25] Gallup, George (27 Sep 1959). "Party Rates Kennedy No. 1". The Boston Globe. p. A3.

[26] Gallup, George (18 Nov 1959). "Stevenson Pulls Closer to Kennedy in Poll". The Hartford Courant. p. 16.

[28] Gallup, George (18 Dec 1959). "Kennedy Loses Ground Slightly, Johnson Gains". The Washington Post. p. A21.

[30] Gallup, George (29 Jan 1960). "Kennedy Scores Gain in Democrat Backing". Los Angeles Times. p. 6.

[32] Gallup, George (26 Feb 1960). "Kennedy Lead Gains as Democratic Choice". Los Angeles Times. p. 21.

[34] Gallup, George (27 Mar 1960). "Kennedy Keeps Lead in Democratic Vote". Los Angeles Times. p. A.

[35] Gallup, George (20 Apr 1960). "Kennedy Widens Lead in New Gallup Poll". Los Angeles Times. p. 24.

[36] Gallup, George (27 May 1960). "Kennedy In Same Spot As Previous Candidates". The Hartford Daily Courant. p. 17.

[37] Gallup, George (7 Feb 1958). "Kennedy Widens Lead Over Kefauver in Poll". Los Angeles Times. p. 24.

[:0-38] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Gallup, George (28 Feb 1960). "Kennedy Favored by Democrats". Los Angeles Times. p. B14.

[39] Gallup, George (3 Dec 1958). "Kennedy, Stevenson Tied As '60 'Show-Down' Choice". The Hartford Courant.

[40] Gallup, George (6 Feb 1959). "GALLUP POLL REPORTS:: Stevenson in Slight Gain on Sen. Kennedy". Los Angeles Times.

[41] Gallup, George (12 June 1959). "Stevenson, Kennedy in Close Race". Los Angeles Times. p. 17.

[42] "Poll Finds Nixon, Kennedy Favored". The Washington Post. 21 June 1960.

[:1-44] Lawrence, W.H. (6 May 1960). "West Virginia Poll Finds Kennedy Gain". The New York Times. p. 1.

[45] "Kennedy, Nixon in Poll Lead". The Austin Statesman. 5 Aug 1959. p. 3.

[46] Jr, Goodwin F. Berquist (1 September 1960). "The Kennedy‐Humphrey debate". Today's Speech. pp. 2–31. doi:10.1080/01463376009385139. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

[47] Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 11, 1960

[48] White, Theodore (1961). The Making of the President 1960. Giant Cardinal. p. 212.

[49] Lawrence, W. H. (July 15, 1960). "Johnson is Nominated for Vice President; Kennedy Picks Him to Placate the South". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 September 2016.

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show v t John F. Kennedy
35th President of the United States (1961–1963) U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1953–1960) U.S. Representative for MA-11 (1947–1953)
Presidency (timeline)	Presidential office: Transition Inauguration Cabinet Judicial appointments Supreme Court Executive Orders Presidential Proclamations Presidential pardons Domestic policy: Clean Air Act Communications Satellite Act Community Mental Health Act Equal Pay Act Federal affirmative action Federal housing segregation ban Fifty-mile hikes Food for Peace New Frontier Pilot Food Stamp Program Space policy Status of Women (Presidential Commission) University of Alabama integration Voter Education Project Foreign policy: Alliance for Progress Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Flexible response Kennedy Doctrine Peace Corps Trade Expansion Act USAID Vietnam War Cuba: Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Project Cuban Missile Crisis ExComm Soviet Union: Berlin Crisis Moscow–Washington hotline Vienna summit White House: Presidential limousine Presidential yacht Resolute desk Situation Room
Presidential speeches	Inaugural address American University speech "We choose to go to the Moon" Report to the American People on Civil Rights "Ich bin ein Berliner" "A rising tide lifts all boats" Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts
Elections	U.S. States House of Representatives elections: 1946 1948 1950 U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts: 1952 1958 1960 presidential primaries 1960 presidential campaign Democratic National Conventions: 1956 1960 U.S. presidential election 1960 debates
Personal life	Birthplace and childhood home Kennedy Compound Navy service: PT-109 Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana Arthur Evans PT-59 Castle Hot Springs Hammersmith Farm Coretta Scott King phone call Rocking chair "Happy Birthday, Mr. President"
Books	Why England Slept (1940) Profiles in Courage (1956) A Nation of Immigrants (1958)
Death	Assassination timeline reactions in popular culture State funeral Riderless horse attending dignitaries Gravesite and Eternal Flame
Legacy	John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum Profile in Courage Award Civil Rights Act of 1964 Apollo 11 Moon landing Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Kennedy Space Center Kennedy Round U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development VISTA Cultural depictions films Kennedy half dollar U.S. postage stamps U.S. five cent stamp Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences Operation Sail
Memorials, namesakes	Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts John F. Kennedy Federal Building (Boston) John F. Kennedy International Airport Boston statue Brooklyn memorial Dallas memorial London memorial Portland memorial Runnymede memorial John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge John F. Kennedy School of Government John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School John F. Kennedy University John F. Kennedy Stadium John Kennedy College Kennedy Expressway MV John F. Kennedy USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79) Yad Kennedy
Family	Jacqueline Bouvier (wife) Caroline Kennedy (daughter) John F. Kennedy Jr. (son) Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (son) Rose Schlossberg (granddaughter) Tatiana Schlossberg (granddaughter) Jack Schlossberg (grandson) Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father) Rose Fitzgerald (mother) Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother) Rosemary Kennedy (sister) Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (sister) Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister) Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister) Robert F. Kennedy (brother) Jean Kennedy Smith (sister) Ted Kennedy (brother) P. J. Kennedy (grandfather) John F. Fitzgerald (grandfather) Pushinka (dog)
← Dwight D. Eisenhower Lyndon B. Johnson → Category

show v t Lyndon B. Johnson
36th President of the United States (1963–1969) 37th Vice President of the United States (1961–1963) U.S. Senator from Texas (1949–1961) U.S. Representative for TX-10 (1937–1949)
Presidency	1963 inauguration 1965 inauguration Great Society Architectural Barriers Act Child Nutrition Act Civil Rights Act of 1964 Coinage Act of 1965 Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Transportation Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 Head Start Program Job Corps Elementary and Secondary Education Act Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Civil Rights Act of 1968 Fair Housing Act Food Stamp Act of 1964 Glassboro Summit Gun Control Act of 1968 Higher Education Act of 1965 Upward Bound TRIO Teacher Corps Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 Johnson Doctrine Dominican Republic occupation Medicare Medicaid Meritorious Service Medal National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities Non-Discrimination in Federal contracts Executive Order 11375 Older Americans Act Operation CHAOS Outer Space Treaty Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 Foreign policy Vietnam War Gulf of Tonkin Resolution "Credibility gap" VISTA Voting Rights Act of 1965 War on poverty White House Conference on Civil Rights Cannabis policy White House preservation State of the Union Address, 1966 1968 Cabinet Judicial appointments Supreme Court controversies Johnson desk Executive Orders Presidential Proclamations
Life	Early years and career Operation Texas Texas Broadcasting Company Johnson Amendment Bashir Ahmad
Legacy and memorials	Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Lyndon Baines Johnson Day Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs Memorial Grove on the Potomac U.S. Postage stamp
Books	Bibliography
Elections	United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937 1938 United States House of Representatives elections 1940 1942 1944 1946 United States Senate special elections, 1941 1948 United States Senate elections 1954 1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960 1964 campaign 1968 Democratic National Convention 1956 1960 1964 1960 United States presidential election 1964
Public image	Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture Daisy advertisement Johnson cult The Years of Lyndon Johnson LBJ (1991 television film) Path to War (2002 film) All the Way (2012 play, 2016 film) Selma (2014 film) LBJ (2017 film)
Family	Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson (wife) Lynda Bird Johnson Robb (daughter) Luci Baines Johnson (daughter) Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. (father) Sam Houston Johnson (brother) Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr. (grandfather) Joseph Wilson Baines (grandfather) George Washington Baines (great-grandfather) Chuck Robb (son-in-law)
← John F. Kennedy Richard Nixon → Category

show v t Hubert Humphrey
38th Vice President of the United States (1964–1969) • United States Senator from Minnesota (1949–1964, 1971–1978)
Political career	Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party 1948 Civil Rights speech Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act
Electoral history	Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960 1968 1972 Democratic National Convention 1960 1964 1968 protests 1972 United States presidential election 1964 1968 1968 presidential campaign (Edmund Muskie)
Legacy	Primary (1960 documentary) Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome Humphrey School of Public Affairs Hubert H. Humphrey Building
Family and personal life	Muriel Humphrey (wife) Hubert "Skip" Humphrey III (son)
Category