1986 Commonwealth Games

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XIII Commonwealth Games
1986 Commonwealth Games logo.svg
Host cityEdinburgh, Scotland
Nations participating27
Athletes participating1,660
Events161 events in 10 sports
Opening ceremony24 July
Closing ceremony2 August
Officially opened byElizabeth II
Queen's Baton Final RunnerAllan Wells
Main venueMeadowbank Stadium
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The 1986 Commonwealth Games (Scottish Gaelic: Geamannan a 'Cho-fhlaitheis 1986) were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. They were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh.

Organisation[]

Unlike the 1970 Games in Edinburgh, which were popular and successful, the 1986 Games are ill-famed for the wide political boycott connected with them and the resulting financial mismanagement.[1]

Controversies[]

Further controversy arose when it was revealed that through this much-reduced participation and the resultant decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a big financial black hole. The boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman; but although he promised to invest £2m, his contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000.[2]

Several participants were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent Games.

Participating teams[]

Due to the boycott only 27 teams from across the Commonwealth were represented at the 1986 Games.

Participating Commonwealth countries and Territories
hideParticipating Commonwealth countries and territories
  •  Australia
  •  Bermuda[Note]
  •  Botswana
  •  Canada
  •  Cayman Islands
  •  Cook Islands
  •  England
  •  Falkland Islands
  •  Fiji
  •  Gibraltar
  •  Guernsey
  •  Hong Kong
  •  Isle of Man
  •  Jersey
  •  Lesotho
  •  Malawi
  •  Maldives
  •  Malta
  •  New Zealand
  •  Norfolk Island
  •  Northern Ireland
  •  Scotland (host)
  •  Singapore
  •  Swaziland
  •  Vanuatu
  •  Wales
  •  Western Samoa

^ Note: Bermuda withdrew from the games to join the boycott after the opening day of competition.[3]

Debuting Commonwealth countries and territories
  •  Norfolk Island
  •  Maldives

Boycott[]

1986 Commonwealth Games boycotting countries dark red

Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest turnout since Auckland 1950.[4] Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes had appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.[5]

hideCommonwealth countries and territories that boycotted the Games
  •  Antigua and Barbuda[6]
  •  Barbados[6]
  •  Bahamas[6]
  •  Bangladesh[6]
  •  Bermuda
  •  Belize
  •  Cyprus
  •  Dominica[6]
  •  Gambia[6]
  •  Ghana[6]
  •  Guyana[6]
  •  Grenada
  •  India
  •  Jamaica
  •  Solomon Islands
  •  Sri Lanka[6]
  •  St. Vincent and the Grenadines
  •  Sierra Leone[6]
  •  St. Kitts and Nevis[6]
  •  St. Lucia[6]
  •  Kenya[6]
  •  Mauritius
  •  Malaysia[6]
  •  Nigeria[6]
  •  Pakistan
  •  Papua New Guinea[6]
  •  Trinidad and Tobago[6]
  •  Tanzania[6]
  •  Turks and Caicos Islands
  •  Uganda[6]
  •  Zambia[6]
  •  Zimbabwe[6]

Opening ceremony[]

The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth" and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle from which hundreds of schoolchildren ran down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium.[7]

Venues[]

Medals by country[]

  *   Host nation (Scotland)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 England (ENG)524349144
2 Canada (CAN)513431116
3 Australia (AUS)404635121
4 New Zealand (NZL)8161438
5 Wales (WAL)651223
6 Scotland (SCO)*3121833
7 Northern Ireland (NIR)24915
8 Isle of Man (IOM)1001
9 Guernsey (GUE)0202
10 Eswatini (SWZ)0101
11 Hong Kong (HKG)0033
12 Malawi (MAW)0022
13 Botswana (BOT)0011
 Jersey (JEY)0011
 Singapore (SIN)0011
Totals (15 nations)163163176502

Medals by event[]

Aquatics[]

Main article: Aquatics at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

Athletics[]

Main article: Athletics at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

Badminton[]

Main article: Badminton at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

Bowls[]

Main article: Lawn bowls at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

Boxing[]

Main article: Boxing at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Light Flyweight  Scott Olson (CAN)  Mark Epton (ENG)   (NIR)
  (SCO)
Flyweight  John Lyon (ENG)  Leonard Makhanya (SWZ)   (WAL)
  (CAN)
Bantamweight  Sean Murphy (ENG)   (NIR)   (SCO)
  (JER)
Featherweight   (CAN)  Peter English (ENG)   (NIR)
  (NZL)
Lightweight  Asif Dar (CAN)  Neil Haddock (WAL)  Lyton Mphande (MAW)
 Joey Jacobs (ENG)
Light Welterweight  Howard Grant (CAN)   (AUS)   (NIR)
 Solomon Kondowe (MAW)
Welterweight  Darren Dyer (ENG)   (SCO)   (CAN)
 Damien Denny (NIR)
Light Middleweight   (CAN)  Rick Finch (AUS)   (WAL)
 Alec Mullen (SCO)
Middleweight  Rod Douglas (ENG)  Jeff Harding (AUS)   (NIR)
  (SCO)
Light Heavyweight  Jim Moran (ENG)   (SCO)  Brent Kosolofski (CAN)
Heavyweight  Jimmy Thunder (NZL)  Doug Young (SCO)   (CAN)
 Eric Cardouza (ENG)
Super Heavyweight  Lennox Lewis (CAN)   (WAL)  James Oyebola (ENG)

Cycling[]

Track

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Time Trial  Martin Vinnicombe (AUS) 00:01:06  Gary Anderson (NZL) 00:01:06  Max Rainsford (AUS) 00:01:07
Sprint  Gary Neiwand (AUS)  Alex Ongaro (CAN)  Eddie Alexander (SCO)
Individual Pursuit  Dean Woods (AUS) 00:04:44  Colin Sturgess (ENG) 00:04:51  Gary Anderson (NZL) 00:04:54
Team Pursuit  Australia
Glenn Clarke
Brett Dutton

Wayne McCarney
Dean Woods		 00:04:27  New Zealand
Gary Anderson

Stephen Swart
Andrew Whitford		 00:04:34  England
Chris Boardman
Gary Coltman
Rob Muzio
Jon Walshaw
Guy Rowland		 overtaken
10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch  Wayne McCarney (AUS) 00:19:41  Dean Woods (AUS) 00:19:41  Gary Anderson (NZL) 00:19:41

Road

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Road Race  Paul Curran (ENG) 04:08:50  Brian Fowler (NZL) 04:08:50  Jeff Leslie (AUS) 04:08:50
Team Time Trial  England
Alan Gornall
Deno Davie
Keith Reynolds
Paul Curran		 02:13:16  New Zealand

Graeme Miller
Gregory Fraine
Paul Leitch		 02:14:50  Northern Ireland

Cormac McCann

 02:16:13

Rowing[]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Single sculls  England
Steve Redgrave		 7:28  Australia
Richard Powell		 7:33  New Zealand
Eric Verdonk		 7:39
Double sculls  Canada
Bruce Ford
Pat Walter		 6:19  Australia
Paul Reedy
Brenton Terrell		 6:21  England
Carl Smith
Allan Whitwell		 6:34
Coxless pair  England
Andy Holmes
Steve Redgrave		 6:40  New Zealand
Barrie Mabbott
Ian Wright		 6:43  Scotland
Ewan Pearson
David Riches		 6:43
Coxless four  Canada
Grant Main
Kevin Neufeld
Paul Steele
Pat Turner		 6:01  New Zealand
Andrew Stevenson
Shane O'Brien
Neil Gibson
Don Symon		 6:01  England
Graham Faultless
Richard Ireland
Mostyn Field
Humphry Hatton		 6:06
Coxed four  England
Martin Cross
Adam Clift
Andy Holmes
Steve Redgrave
Adrian Ellison		 6:08  New Zealand
Nigel Atherfold
Chris White
Greg Johnston
Bruce Holden
Andrew Bird		 6:10  Australia
Mark Doyle
James Galloway
Mike McKay
James Tomkins
Dale Caterson		 6:11
Eights  Australia
James Galloway
Malcolm Batten
Andrew Cooper
Mike McKay
Mark Doyle
James Tomkins
Ion Popa
Steve Evans
Dale Caterson 		5:44  England
John Garrett
John Maxey
Jonathan Spencer-Jones
Mark Buckingham
Patrick Broughton
Richard Stanhope
Stephen Peel
Terence Dillon
Vaughan Thomas		 5:46  New Zealand
[8]
Neil Gibson[9]
Barrie Mabbott[10]
Shane O'Brien[11]
Andrew Stevenson[12]
Don Symon[13]
[14]
Ian Wright[15]
Andy Hay (cox)[16] 		5:48
Lightweight single sculls  Australia
Peter Antonie		 7:16  Canada
 7:27  England
Carl Smith		 7:27
Lightweight coxless four  England
Christopher Bates
Peter Haining
Neil Staite
Stuart Forbes		 6:26  Australia

Brian Digby

 6:28  Canada

Brian Peaker

Ryan Tierney		 6:36
Women
Single sculls  New Zealand
Stephanie Foster		 7:43  Canada
 7:49  England
Gillian Bond		 7:53
Double sculls  New Zealand
Stephanie Foster
Robin Clarke		 7:22  Canada
Heather Clarke
Lisa Robertson		 7:49  England
Diane Prince
Claire Parker		 7:55
Coxless pair  Canada

Andrea Schreiner		 7:35  England
Pauline Bird
Flo Johnston		 7:42  Australia

 7:53
Coxed four  Canada
Tina Clarke
Tricia Smith
Lesley Thompson
Jane Tregunno
Jenny Wallinga		 6:50  Australia
Deborah Bassett
Susan Chapman-Popa
Robyn Grey-Gardner
Marilyn Kidd
Kaylynn Fry		 6:54  England
Joanne Gough
Ann Callaway
Kate Holroyd
Trish Reid
Alison Norrish		 7:06
Eights  Australia

Deborah Bassett

Margot Foster
Marilyn Kidd
Robyn Grey-Gardner
Susan Chapman

Kaylynn Fry		 6:44  England
Pauline Bird
Alison Bonner
Ann Callaway
Kate Grose
Joanne Gough
Kate Holroyd
Flo Johnston
Alison Norrish
Trish Reid		 6:46  Canada
Angela Schneider
Brenda Taylor


Cathy Lund


Sarah Ogilvy
 NTT
Lightweight single sculls  Australia
Adair Ferguson		 7:45  New Zealand
Philippa Baker		 7:46  Canada
Heather Hattin		 7:52
Lightweight coxless four  England
Alexa Forbes
Gillian Hodges
Lin Clark
Judith Burne		 6:55  Australia

Amanda Cross
Virginia Lee
Karin Riedel		 7:00  Canada



Wendy Wiebe		 7:01

Shooting[]

Pistol

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men/Open
Free Pistol  Greg Yelavich (NZL) 551  Phil Adams (AUS)
  (HKG)		 549
Free Pistol – Pairs  Canada
Tom Guinn
 1099  England
Paul Leatherdale
Richard Wang		 1090  Australia
Phil Adams
Bengt Sandström		 1085
Centre-Fire Pistol  Bob Northover (ENG) 583  Phil Adams (AUS) 582   (AUS) 580
Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs  Australia
Phil Adams
 1165  England
Bob Northover
Michael Cutler		 1157  New Zealand

 1153
Rapid-Fire Pistol  Pat Murray (AUS) 591  Adrian Breton (GGY) 588  Mark Howkins (CAN) 585
Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs  England
Brian Girling
Terry Turner		 1169  Australia
Pat Murray
 1152  Canada
Mark Howkins
 1150
Air Pistol  Greg Yelavich (NZL) 575  Tom Guinn (CAN) 574  Gilbert U (HKG) 574
Air Pistol – Pairs  England
Paul Leatherdale
Ian Reid		 1143  Australia
Phil Adams
 1143  New Zealand
Greg Yelavich
 1140

Rifle

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men/Open
Small Bore Rifle, Prone  Alan Smith (AUS) 599  Alister Allan (SCO) 598   (CAN)
  (SCO)		 597
Small Bore Rifle, Prone – Pairs  Canada
Michael Ashcroft
 1175  Australia
Donald Brook
Alan Smith		 1171  Wales

 1165
Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions  Malcolm Cooper (ENG) 1170  Alister Allan (SCO) 1167  Jean-François Sénécal (CAN) 1150
Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions – Pairs  England
Malcolm Cooper
Sarah Cooper		 2278  Canada
Jean-François Sénécal
 2276  Scotland
Alister Allan
 2241
Full Bore Rifle   (AUS) 396   (CAN) 396  John Bloomfield (ENG) 395
Full Bore Rifle – Pairs  Canada

 583  Australia

 583  Northern Ireland

 582
Air Rifle  Guy Lorion (CAN) 588  Sharon Bowes (CAN) 583  Malcolm Cooper (ENG) 582
Air Rifle – Pairs  Canada
Guy Lorion
Sharon Bowes		 1167  Australia
Wolfgang Jobst
 1151  England
Malcolm Cooper
Robert Smith		 1146

Shotgun

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men/Open
Trap  Ian Peel (ENG) 195  Peter Boden (ENG) 192   (WAL) 192
Trap – Pairs  England
Peter Boden
Ian Peel		 185  Northern Ireland
Tom Hewitt
 183  Australia
Terry Rumbel
Domingo Diaz		 183
Skeet   (IOM) 196  Joe Neville (ENG)
  (CAN)		 195
Skeet – Pairs  England
Joe Neville
Ken Harman		 195  Canada

 193  New Zealand
John Woolley
 189

Weightlifting[]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Flyweight – Overall   (AUS) 212.5   (SCO) 185   (SCO) 177.5
Bantamweight – Overall   (AUS) 245   (NZL) 217.5   (SIN) 215
Featherweight – Overall  Ray Williams (WAL) 252.5   (AUS) 250   (WAL) 235
Lightweight – Overall  Dean Willey (ENG) 315  Ron Laycock (AUS) 307.5  Langis Côté (CAN) 290
Middleweight – Overall  Bill Stellios (AUS) 302.5   (CAN) 300   (WAL) 270
Light Heavyweight – Overall  Dave Morgan (WAL) 350  Robert Kabbas (AUS) 325  Peter May (ENG) 317.5
Middle Heavyweight – Overall  Keith Boxell (ENG) 350  David Mercer (ENG) 342.5  Guy Greavette (CAN) 340
Sub Heavyweight – Overall  Denis Garon (CAN) 360  Duncan Dawkins (ENG) 332.5  Andrew Saxton (ENG) 327.5
Heavyweight – Overall  Kevin Roy (CAN) 375   (AUS) 372.5  Andrew Davies (WAL) 370
Super Heavyweight – Overall  Dean Lukin (AUS) 392.5   (CAN) 347.5  Charles Garzarella (AUS) 342.5

Wrestling[]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Light Flyweight   (CAN)  Duncan Burns (ENG)   (SCO)
Flyweight  Chris Woodcroft (CAN)   (AUS)  Nigel Donohue (ENG)
Bantamweight   (CAN)  Steve Reinsfield (NZL)  Brian Aspen (ENG)
Featherweight   (CAN)  Dan Cumming (AUS)   (NZL)
Lightweight  Dave McKay (CAN)  Zsigmund Kelevitz (AUS)  Steve Cooper (ENG)
Welterweight  Gary Holmes (CAN)   (AUS)  Fitz Walker (ENG)
Middleweight  Chris Rinke (CAN)  Wally Koenig (AUS)  Tony Bull (ENG)
Light Heavyweight  Noel Loban (ENG)  Doug Cox (CAN)  Graeme English (SCO)
Heavyweight  Clark Davis (CAN)   (NZL)  David Kilpin (ENG)
Super Heavyweight  Wayne Brightwell (CAN)   (SCO)  Keith Peache (ENG)

See also[]

  • 1970 Commonwealth Games, held in Edinburgh
  • 2014 Commonwealth Games, held in Glasgow.

References[]

  1. ^ "The forgotten story of … Robert Maxwell's 1986 Commonwealth Games | Sport | theguardian.com". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  2. ^ "Glasgow makes final call for 2014 Games - Athletics - Scotsman.com". News.scotsman.com. 9 May 2007. Archived from the original on 17 May 2007. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  3. ^ Fraser, Graham (25 April 2014). Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts Archived 11 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 19 August 2015.
  4. ^ "Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed | Glasgow 2014". insidethegames.biz. 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  5. ^ Fraser, Graham (25 April 2014). Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts Archived 11 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2 November 2014.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "8 More Nations Join Boycott of Commonwealth Games; Total Now 23". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  7. ^ "Power From Within – Commonwealth Games 1986 Opening Ceremony – YouTube". youtube.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  8. ^ "Mike Burrell". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  9. ^ "Neil Gibson". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  10. ^ "Barrie Mabbott". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  11. ^ "Shane O'Brien". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  12. ^ "Andrew Stevenson". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  13. ^ "Don Symon". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  14. ^ "Carl Vincent". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  15. ^ "Ian Wright". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  16. ^ "Andrew Hay". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.

External links[]

Preceded by
Brisbane 		Commonwealth Games
Edinburgh
XIII Commonwealth Games 		Succeeded by
Auckland
Retrieved from ""