1 Samuel 27

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1 Samuel 27
Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf
The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE).
BookFirst book of Samuel
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part3
CategoryFormer Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part9

1 Samuel 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.[1] According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,[2] but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.[3][4] This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him.[5][6] This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.[7]

Text[]

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 12 verses.

Textual witnesses[]

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[8] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–2, 8–12.[9][10][11][12]

Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).[13][a]

Places[]

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Places mentioned in this chapter

David in Gath (27:1–4)[]

David decided to cross over into Philistine territory to escape from Saul (verse 1), which was immediately achieved (verse 4), and stayed as a vassal of King Achish of Gath for one year and four months (verse 7).[15] When the first time David was in Gath, he had to feign insanity to escape (1 Samuel 21:10–15), but this time, with 600 loyal soldiers and the report of his fallout with Saul, David was well received as a group of mercenaries for the Philistines, a common practice in the ancient Near East as documented in various sources.[16][17][18]

Verse 2[]

And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that were with him unto Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath.[19]
  • "Achish, the son of Maoch": the additional identification of a father may imply this king to be different from the one David met in 1 Samuel 21.[20] He is considered identical with Achish, son of Maachah (1 Kings 2:39).[21]

David in Ziklag (27:5–12)[]

For a brief period he and his army lived 'in the royal city' with Achish (which is in Gath), but by his own request, he later settled in Ziklag, presumably was given by Achish to him in return for military service and since then became a crown property of Judean kings.[15] From Ziklag David attacked Israel's enemies, the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites, but giving the impression to Achish that he was attacking enemies of the Philistines. By conquering these prospective enemies and collecting booty, David actually was making preparations for his kingship.[15]

Verse 6[]

Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day. Therefore Ziklag has belonged to the kings of Judah to this day. [22]
  • "Ziklag": allotted to the tribes of Simeon and Judah in Joshua 15:31; 19:5, but the location is unknown, some identifying it with Tell el-Khuweilfeh, north of Beersheba, others with Tell esh-Sheri 'ah, south-east of Gaza.[15][23]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[14]

References[]

  1. ^ Halley 1965, p. 183.
  2. ^ Hirsch, Emil G. "SAMUEL, BOOKS OF". www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
  3. ^ Knight 1995, p. 62.
  4. ^ Jones 2007, p. 197.
  5. ^ Jones 2007, p. 209.
  6. ^ Coogan 2007, p. 433 Hebrew Bible.
  7. ^ Jones 2007, p. 207.
  8. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
  9. ^ Ulrich 2010, p. 287.
  10. ^ Dead sea scrolls - 1 Samuel
  11. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 35.
  12. ^ 4Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  13. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  14. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Codex Sinaiticus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  15. ^ a b c d Jones 2007, p. 213.
  16. ^ Lemche, N.P (1978) "David's Rise", JSOT 10:12–14
  17. ^ Bodi, Daniel (2014) "The story of Samuel, Saul and David", in Ancient Israel's History: An Introduction to Issues and Sources, Bill T. Arnold; Richard S. Hess (eds.), Grand Rapids: ‎ Baker Academic, p. 215
  18. ^ Evans 2018, pp. 270–271.
  19. ^ 1 Samuel 27:2 KJV
  20. ^ Benson, Joseph, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments: 1 Samuel 27, accessed 9 July 2019.
  21. ^ Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905), Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers: 1 Samuel 27, London: Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708, accessed 28 April 2019
  22. ^ 1 Samuel 27:6 MEV
  23. ^ Evans 2018, p. 272.

Sources[]

Commentaries on Samuel[]

  • Auld, Graeme (2003). "1 & 2 Samuel". In James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson (ed.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
  • Bergen, David T. (1996). 1, 2 Samuel. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401073.
  • Chapman, Stephen B. (2016). 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1467445160.
  • Evans, Paul (2018). Longman, Tremper (ed.). 1-2 Samuel. The Story of God Bible Commentary. Zondervan Academic. ISBN 978-0310490944.
  • Gordon, Robert (1986). I & II Samuel, A Commentary. Paternoster Press. ISBN 9780310230229.
  • Hertzberg, Hans Wilhelm (1964). I & II Samuel, A Commentary (trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0664223182.
  • Tsumura, David Toshio (2007). The First Book of Samuel. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802823595.

General[]

External links[]

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