2006 Italian Senate election, North and Central American division
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The 2006 Italian general election was the first in the country's history in which Italian and dual citizens living outside the country could vote by postal ballot in international electoral districts.[1] Twelve members of the Italian Chamber of Deputies and six members of the Italian Senate were elected in this way.
All electors could vote for a political list and also cast a first preference vote for a specific candidate. The party with the highest number of list votes won the Senate seat, and the winning party's candidate with the most first preference votes was declared elected.
The parties[]
Seven electoral lists contested the North and Central American Senate division. The same lists also fielded candidates for the Chamber of Deputies and North and Central America.
Prime minister Silvio Berlusconi's right-wing Forza Italia party ran its own slate. Two other parties aligned with Berlusconi's government ran separate lists: the moderate conservative Union of Christian and Centre Democrats and Mirko Tremaglia's right-wing For Italy in the World, which was specifically focused on diaspora issues. (Another party in Berlusconi's coalition, the Lega Nord, also appeared on the ballot, although this seems to have been due to a technical error).
The main opposition group from the previous parliament, Romano Prodi's centre-left Union party, ran a united slate. One of the Union candidates noted that the state of the party lists favoured his group's chances of election.[2]
Each of the party lists comprised two candidates, except for the Northern League and Tricolour Flame which fielded one apiece.
The candidates[]
The Union[]
Renato Turano is a Chicago baking executive who was active in the Italian expatriate community for several years before his election. He served in the Italian Senate from 2006 to 2008.
Rocco di Trolio was born in Calabritto, Italy. He moved to the United Kingdom at age seventeen and became active with the British Labour Party, also serving as secretary of the Italian Socialist Party in England. He joined the Italian overseas social services agency in 1981 and moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in 1990, where he oversaw the city's Italian-Canadian social services bureau. Di Trolio became a dual Italian-Canadian citizen in 1994.[3] He sought the New Democratic Party nomination for Vancouver East in the 1997 Canadian federal election, narrowly losing to veteran municipal politician Libby Davies.[4] In 2004, he topped the polls in an election for Canada's Committee of Italians Abroad, a fifteen-member board whose purpose is to promote Italian culture.[5]
Augusto Sorriso was a municipal politician in Licata, Sicily, before moving to New Jersey in 1994. He also ran as a candidate of Berlusconi's People of Freedom party in the 2008 Senate election.
Carlo Consiglio was fifty-four years old in 2006. Originally from the Naples area, he moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 1989. He has been active in the Italian expatriate community and has served with the General Council of Italians Abroad.[6] In the 2006 campaign, he spoke against the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.[7]
Vincenzo Centofanti was born in Abruzzo and spent some of his youth in Ethiopia during the Italian occupation of that country. He was still in Ethiopia when it was liberated by the British in 1941, and he was held in British surveillance camps in Kenya and Tanganyika for the next six years. Repatriated to Italy in 1947, he received a law degree in 1954 and moved to Philadelphia three years later to rejoin his family. He worked as a banker and an Alitalia executive, and was retired by the time of the 2006 campaign.[8] He has been active with the General Council of Italians Abroad and has served as president of the Federazione delle Associazioni Abruzzesi della Valle del Delaware.[9]
Dom (Domenico) Serafini was born in Giulianova, Abruzzo. He moved to the United States of America in 1968, at age eighteen, to attend Empire State College. He is a journalist and publisher based in New York City and is best known for publishing the television trade journal Video Age International. Serafini was one of the first declared candidates for the 2006 Senate election in North and Central America, and was described in an August 2005 article in The New York Times as an early front-runner.[11] In January 2006, he was quoted as saying, ""My ideology is pragmatism. I'm not an ideologue. My job is to represent Italians overseas, not play politics."[12] He later said that his primary mission if elected would be "squeez[ing] whatever is possible from Italian state and government funds for Italians overseas."[13]
Sonia Marcella Spadoni-Alioto was born in Ferrara and later moved to San Francisco. Forty-one years old in 2006, she has a background in law and accountancy and has provided assistance for Italians living overseas in accessing Italian state services.[14]
Salvatore Rappa is initially from Sicily and lived in New York City in 2006. His appearance on the ballot as a Northern League candidate was due to a technical error; he had intended to run for the Movement for Autonomy led by Raffaele Lombardo.[15]
More than ninety-five per cent of votes cast in this election were from the United States of America or Canada. The American result was a virtual tie between Berlusconi's list and Prodi's list. In Canada, Prodi's list won a significant victory. Renato Turano credited the Canadian turnout as vital for his election.[17]
^"Chicago-Area Businessman Runs For Italian Senate," Italian Voice, 23 February 2006, p. 5; Mike Roberts, "Rocco's Roman empire," CanWest News, 28 February 2006, p. 1.
^Mike Roberts, "Rocco's Roman empire," CanWest News, 28 February 2006, p. 1.
^Mike Roberts, "Rocco's Roman empire," The Province, 26 February 2006, B3; "Newsmakers," Maclean's Magazine, 20 March 2006, p. 42.
^Petti Fong, "NDP's Davies to battle Liberal's Terranna in Vancouver East," Vancouver Sun, 14 March 1997, B6. Davies won by 454 votes to 428.
^"Their job? Boosting Italian-ness," The Province, 28 March 2004, A36.
^Ann Farmer, "Kissing Bambinos Instead of Babies," The New York Times, 21 August 2005, p. 6; Rachel Rivera, "New York candidate seeks Italy Senate seat to represent Italians abroad," Associated Press Newswires, 8 January 2006, 11:33.
^Derek Rose, "A Yankee in Berlusconi's court?", New York Daily News, 15 January 2006, p. 27.
^Desmond O'Grady, "Italy votes - from Leichhardt to Lima," Sydney Morning Herald, 29 March 2006, p. 14.