2020 Summer Paralympics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

XVI Paralympic Games
2020 Summer Paralympics logo new.svg
Host cityTokyo, Japan
MottoUnited by Emotion[a]
Nations163
Athletes4,537
Events539 in 22 sports
Opening24 August 2021
Closing5 September 2021
Opened by
Emperor Naruhito
Cauldron
Yui Kamiji
Karin Morisaki
Shunsuke Uchida
StadiumJapan National Stadium
Summer
← Rio 2016
Paris 2024 →
Winter
← PyeongChang 2018
Beijing 2022 →

The 2020 Summer Paralympics (Japanese: 2020年夏季パラリンピック会, Hepburn: 2020-Nen Kaki Pararinpikku), branded as Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, are a major international multi-sport parasports event governed by the International Paralympic Committee. Scheduled as the 16th Summer Paralympic Games, they are ongoing in Tokyo, Japan between 24 August and 5 September 2021.[2]

Originally scheduled to take place between 21 August and 6 September 2020, both the Olympics and Paralympics were postponed to 2021 in March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and is held behind closed doors with no public spectators permitted due to a state of emergency in the Tokyo region. The events are still being branded as Tokyo 2020 for marketing purposes.[3] These mark the second Summer Paralympics to be hosted by Tokyo since the 1964 Games, and the third Paralympics held in Japan overall since the 1998 Winter Paralympics. Tokyo is the first city to host the Paralympics twice.

These Games will see the introduction of badminton and taekwondo to the Paralympic programme, replacing sailing and 7-a-side football.

Bids[]

As part of an agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee first established in 2001, the host of the 2020 Summer Olympics would also host the 2020 Summer Paralympics.[4] After the second round of voting, which followed a tie-breaker, the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were awarded to Tokyo at the 125th IOC Session.

2020 Summer Olympics host city election[5]
City Team Round 1 Runoff Round 2
Tokyo  Japan 42 60
Istanbul  Turkey 26 49 36
Madrid  Spain 26 45

Preparations[]

Transport[]

Ahead of the 2016 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony, Governor of Tokyo Yuriko Koike advocated for the city to improve its accessibility as a legacy project for the Games. She cited narrow roadways with no sidewalks, and buildings constructed with narrow doorways and low ceilings, as challenges that needed to be overcome. In particular, she called for a transition to underground power lines to facilitate the widening of roads.[6][7][8]

Volunteers[]

In September 2018, applications to be volunteers at the Olympic and Paralympic Games were released. By January 2019 186,101 applications had been received. Interviews to whittle the numbers down began in February 2019 and training taking place in October 2019.[9] The volunteers at the venues will be known as "Field Cast" and the volunteers in the city will be known as "City Cast". These names were chosen from a shortlist of four out of an original 149 pairs of names. The other shortlisted names were "Shining Blue and Shining Blue Tokyo", "Games Anchor and City Anchor" and "Games Force and City Force". The names were chosen by the people who had applied to be volunteers at the games.[10]

Medals[]

The designs of the medals for the 2020 Summer Paralympics were unveiled on 25 August 2019;[11] as with the Olympic medals, they are constructed using recycled metals that were obtained through an electronics recycling programme.[12] The medals feature a design inspired by traditional folding hand fans to symbolise the shared experience of the Paralympics; alternating sectors containing textured areas visually and tactually depict rocks, flowers, wood, leaves, and water to symbolise the geology of Japan. The pivot where the fan meets is stated to symbolise the unity of Paralympic athletes. The obverse of the medal contains an untextured version of the fan pattern, the Paralympic emblem, and inscriptions in braille. To aid those with visual impairments, the edges and ribbons of the medals contain one, two, or three circular indentations and silicone convex dots for gold, silver, and bronze medals respectively so that they can be easily identified by touch.[13][14]

COVID-19 impact[]

The 2020 Summer Olympics were largely held behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and a state of emergency in Tokyo issued by Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, though events in some regions could be held with up to 10,000 spectators or 50% capacity (whichever is smaller). The declaration was originally in effect from 12 July through 22 August 2021 (two days before the Paralympic opening ceremony); on 2 August, citing worsening rates of infection, Suga announced that the existing state of emergency would be extended through 31 August, and expanded to several other prefectures (including three that neighbour Tokyo).[15]

New daily cases in Tokyo reached over 4,000 by 11 August 2021; it was anticipated that no public spectators would be admitted at venues in Tokyo and other affected regions, as with the Olympics. Organizers discussed other options for some form of spectator presence, such as inviting local school students to attend events (a programme which was also employed during the Olympics, and largely scaled back due to the pandemic).[16][17][18] It was later confirmed that there would be no public spectators at venues in the Tokyo, Chiba, and Saitama prefectures.[19] On 19 August, the state of emergency was extended through 12 September 2021, and expanded to include Shizuoka.[20]

On 20 August 2021, Tokyo Organizing Committee delivery officer Hidemasa Nakamura stated that the biosecurity protocols for the Paralympics had been expanded upon those from the Olympics due to the increased vulnerability to COVID-19 among its athletes, but that Tokyo was facing deteriorating hospital capacity, and that "It’s a fight against time so we need to make sure that sufficient communication is taken at a speedy manner."[21] Paula Tesoriero of the New Zealand delegation stated that the Tokyo Organizing Committee and IPC had "worked tirelessly to create the safest and secure environment possible with a focus on continuing to stay vigilant".[22]

Torch relay[]

The details of the torch relay route were announced on 21 November 2019, there will be a Heritage Flame Celebration that will be held in Stoke Mandeville and flame lighting festivals will take place in 43 of Japan's 47 prefectures between 13 and 17 August 2020. Torch relays will be scheduled from 18 to 21 August throughout four prefectures that will co-host Paralympic events during the run-up to the Paralympic Opening Ceremony. The flames from each of the flame lighting festivals hosted in each prefecture will be brought together in Tokyo on 21 August where the Paralympic Flame will be officially lit, the last four days of the torch relay will start in Tokyo. The locations in which the torch relay goes through will be similar to the 2020 Summer Olympics torch relay.[23][24][25][26]

Aluminium taken from temporary housing in Fukushima will be used to make the torches for the Olympic and Paralympic flames. More than 10,000 pieces of aluminium will be used and organisers contacted local authorities to see which houses were no longer being used.[27]

The Games[]

Sports[]

539 events in 22 sports will be held during the 2020 Summer Paralympics. Cycling events will be split into road and track disciplines. Team events of goalball, sitting volleyball, and wheelchair basketball continue as men's and women's events, wheelchair rugby continues to be a mixed event, while 5-a-side-football will only be open to male competitors.[28] New events and classifications have also been added or realigned in other sports.[29][30]

2020 Summer Paralympic Sports Programme

New sports[]

In January 2014, the IPC began accepting bids for new sports to be added to the Paralympic programme; they included amputee football, badminton, power hockey, powerchair football, and taekwondo. New disciplines were also proposed in existing events, including visually impaired match racing and one-person multi-hull in sailing, and 3x3 basketball in intellectually disabled (ID) and wheelchair classifications.[31][32]

On 31 January 2015, the IPC officially announced that badminton and taekwondo had been added to the Paralympic programme for 2020, which will replace 7-a-side football and sailing (both dropped due to an insufficient international reach).[28]


Participating National Paralympic Committee teams[]

On 9 December 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for a period of four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data that it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency being reinstated. On 26 April 2021 it was confirmed Russian athletes would represent the Russian Paralympic Committee, with the acronym 'RPC'.[33]

On 6 April 2021, North Korea announced that it would not participate in the 2020 Summer Paralympics because of COVID-19 concerns.[34] On 16 August 2021, Afghanistan withdrew from the Games due to violence and instability in the country following the Taliban's capture of Kabul, which left their team of Zakia Khudadadi and Hossain Rasouli unable to travel to Tokyo. Their national flag however was still paraded at the opening ceremony as a show of solidarity.[35][36][37] On 20 August, the IPC confirmed that Kiribati, Samoa, Tonga, and Vanuatu had also withdrawn from the Games due to budgetary concerns tied to COVID-19 travel restrictions; absent direct flights to Japan, the countries' athletes would have had to travel to Tokyo via Australia and New Zealand, which enforces a mandatory 14-day quarantine for all travellers.[38]

On 28 August 2021, Afghan competitors Zakia Khudadadi and Hossain Rasouli arrived in Tokyo after taking a flight en route from Kabul to Paris and it also ended the uncertainties which prevailed regarding Afghanistan's participation at the Tokyo Paralympics.[39][40] The President of International Paralympic Committee, Andrew Parsons revealed that both of the Afghan athletes would not be available for interviews and also insisted that permission has been granted to them to skip the usual press conferences.[41]

The following 163 NPCs (including the Refugee team) have qualified at least one athlete. Six of them, Bhutan, Grenada, Guyana, Maldives, Paraguay, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, will make their debut appearances at the Paralympic Games, while the Solomon Islands will make their second appearance after missing out of the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

hideParticipating National Paralympic Committees

Number of athletes by National Paralympic Committee[]

4,535 athletes from 163 NPCs: Ranking listed by number of athletes. As of 20 August 2021

Test events[]

There were test events before the Olympic and Paralympic Games;[42][43] these were contested from June 2019 to June 2020 before the start of the 2020 Summer Olympics. The selected Paralympic sports were athletics (2–3 May 2020), goalball (28–29 September 2019), paratriathlon (15–18 August 2019), powerlifting (26–27 September 2019), swimming (16 April 2020) and wheelchair rugby (12–15 March 2020). It was announced in February 2019 that test events would be under the banner "Ready, Steady, Tokyo". 22 of the 56 events would be organised by the Tokyo organising committee and the rest by national and international organisations. World Sailing's World Cup Series held at Enoshima was the first test event, with the last one set to be the Tokyo Challenge Track Meet in May 2020.[44]

All test events scheduled after 12 March 2020 were postponed due to COVID-19.

Medal summary[]

  *   Host country (Japan)

2020 Summer Paralympics medal table[45]
RankNPCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China593832129
2 Great Britain29232880
3 RPC25153373
4 United States22231459
5 Ukraine14312065
6 Brazil14111742
7 Netherlands149932
8 Australia13211953
9 Italy11181443
10 Azerbaijan101415
11–79Remaining teams113135169417
Totals (79 NPCs)3243253591008

Podium sweeps[]

Date Sport Event Team Gold Silver Bronze Ref
27 August Swimming  China Zheng Tao Wang Lichao Yuan Weiyi [46]
28 August Swimming  China Cai Liwen Wang Xinyi Li Guizhi [47]
30 August Swimming  China Zheng Tao Wang Lichao [48]

Calendar[]

The preliminary schedule was announced on 19 October 2018.[49] The finalized schedule was released on 13 August 2019.[50][51]

The original schedule was from 25 August to 10 September 2020. To postpone the Paralympics until 2021, all events were delayed by 364 days (one day less than a full year to preserve the same days of the week), giving a new schedule of 24 August to 9 September 2021.[52]

All times and dates use Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
OC Opening ceremony Event competitions 1 Gold medal events CC Closing ceremony
August/September 2021 August September Events
24th
Tue
25th
Wed
26th
Thu
27th
Fri
28th
Sat
29th
Sun
30th
Mon
31st
Tue
1st
Wed
2nd
Thu
3rd
Fri
4th
Sat
5th
Sun
Logo of the International Paralympic Committee 2019-black.svg Ceremonies OC CC N/A
Archery pictogram (Paralympics).svg Archery 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 9
Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg Athletics 13 16 19 17 21 17 18 17 24 5 167
Wheelchair badminton pictogram (Paralympics).svg Badminton 7 7 14
Boccia pictogram (Paralympics).svg Boccia 4 3 7
Cycling Cycling (road) pictogram (Paralympics).svg Road 19 6 5 4 51
Cycling (track) pictogram (Paralympics).svg Track 4 5 5 3
Equestrian Dressage pictogram (Paralympics).svg Equestrian (dressage) 3 2 1 5 11
Football 5-a-side pictogram (Paralympics).svg Football 5-a-side 1 1
Goalball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Goalball 2 2
Judo pictogram (Paralympics).svg Judo 4 4 5 13
Paracanoe pictogram (Paralympics).svg Paracanoe 4 5 9
Triathlon pictogram (Paralympics).svg Paratriathlon 4 4 8
Powerlifting pictogram (Paralympics).svg Powerlifting 4 4 4 4 4 20
Rowing pictogram (Paralympics).svg Rowing 4 4
Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg Shooting 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 13
Sitting volleyball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Sitting volleyball 1 1 2
Swimming pictogram (Paralympics).svg Swimming 16 14 14 14 13 15 14 15 15 16 146
Table tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg Table tennis 5 8 8 5 5 31
Taekwondo pictogram (Paralympics).svg Taekwondo 2 2 2 6
Wheelchair basketball pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair basketball 1 1 2
Wheelchair fencing pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair fencing 4 4 2 4 2 16
Wheelchair rugby pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair rugby 1 1
Wheelchair tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg Wheelchair tennis 1 1 2 2 6
Daily medal events 24 30 44 55 62 54 58 45 48 55 49 15 539
Cumulative total 24 54 98 153 215 269 327 372 420 475 524 539
August/September 2021 24th
Tue
25th
Wed
26th
Thu
27th
Fri
28th
Sat
29th
Sun
30th
Mon
31st
Tue
1st
Wed
2nd
Thu
3rd
Fri
4th
Sat
5th
Sun
Total events
August September


Venues[]

The venues for the Paralympic games as detailed on the Tokyo 2020 official website:[53]

Tokyo Bay, where a number of events will be held
Nippon Budokan, host of the Judo event
The International Broadcast and Main Press Centre

Heritage Zone[]

Tokyo Bay Zone[]

Venues outside 10 km area[]

Non-competition venues[]

  • Harumi Futo – Paralympic Village
  • Tokyo Big Sight Conference Tower – International Media and Broadcast Centre

Marketing[]

[]

The emblems of the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 25 April 2016. The Paralympic emblem features a hand fan in a circle form, filled with an indigo-colored checkerboard pattern. The design is meant to "express a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan".[55] The designs replaced a previous emblem which had been scrapped due to allegations that it plagiarized the logo of the Théâtre de Liège in Belgium.[56][57]

Mascot[]

Miraitowa (left), the Olympic mascot, and Someity (right), the Paralympic mascot

The shortlist of mascots for the Tokyo Games was unveiled on 7 December 2017 and the winning entry was announced on 28 February 2018. Candidate pair A, created by Ryo Taniguchi, received the most votes (109,041) and was declared the winner, defeating Kana Yano's pair B (61,423 votes) and Sanae Akimoto's pair C (35,291 votes). Someity is a figure with pink chequered patterns inspired by the Games' official logo, as well as cherry blossom flowers. It has a calm but powerful ability, it is nature loving, and it speaks to the wind. Both Miraitowa and Someity were named by the Organising Committee on 22 July 2018.[58]

Animated shorts[]

Japanese public broadcaster NHK produced a series of short films called Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero? Each short features a different Paralympic sport, and is designed and produced in collaboration with well-known creators of anime and manga, sometimes featuring crossovers with popular series or with real-life athletes.[59][60]

Broadcasting[]

The International Paralympic Committee anticipated that the 2020 Summer Paralympics would be seen by a global audience of at least 4.25 billion viewers, an increase over the estimated 4.1 billion of the 2016 Games.[61] Japanese broadcaster NHK will air coverage of selected events in 8K.[62][63]

In the United Kingdom, these will be the third Summer Paralympics to be broadcast by Channel 4, which plans to air at least 300 hours of coverage on free-to-air TV (with More4 to be dedicated primarily to team events), 1,200 hours of coverage via streaming, as well as an evening highlights program and The Last Leg nightly. The broadcaster launched a trailer directed by Bradford Young entitled "Super. Human." in mid-July 2021, which aimed to focus on the "realities" of the lives of Paralympic athletes, and "the sacrifices they make in pursuit of greatness".[64][65][66]

In the United States, NBCUniversal announced that for the first time, it will carry three primetime coverage windows for the Paralympics on the free-to-air NBC network, which will "showcase the incredible back stories of the athletes and teams competing in Tokyo". The remainder of event coverage will air on NBCSN and Olympic Channel, totalling 1,200 hours.[67]

Canadian media rights will once again be led by the CBC, with 120 hours of television coverage, along with broadcasts by Sportsnet and AMI-tv.[68]

In Australia, the Seven Network will offer one free-to-air channel broadcast via either their Channel 7 or 7mate channels and up to 16 free streaming channels via the online 7plus service.[69]

In New Zealand TVNZ on Demand and the Duke Channel broadcast it with an ATTITUDE segment highlighting the show on TVNZ One.

In India, Eurosport India and Discovery+ will debut as a new local rightsholder, focusing on coverage of events involving Indian athletes.[70]

For the first time in Chile, the Paralympic Committee of Chile announced that the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games will be broadcast on TVN.[71]

In Brazil, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games will be broadcast on TV Globo, SporTV and TV Brasil.[72][73]

In Malaysia, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games will be broadcast on Astro Arena HD channel 801.[74]

In Singapore, selected live events will be telecasted on Mediacorp Channel 5 awhile the rest of the coverage will be streamed on meWATCH. Selected highlights will also be appeared on Mediacorp Entertainment YouTube channel.[75]

See also[]

  • 2020 Summer Olympics

Notes[]

  1. ^ Only an English motto is used during the Games. There is no Japanese equivalent of the motto adopted.[1]
  2. ^ Neutral athletes from Russia, competing under the flag of the Russian Paralympic Committee.

References[]

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External links[]

Preceded by
Rio de Janeiro
Summer Paralympics
Tokyo

XVI Paralympic Summer Games (2020)
Succeeded by
Paris
Retrieved from ""