40s

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the years AD 40–49. For the years 40–49 in other centuries, see List of decades.
Not to be confused with 1840s, 1940s, or 2040s.
For the ribosomal subunit, "40S", see Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S).
In American vernacular, "40s" may also refer to forty ounce bottles of malt liquor.
Millennium: 1st millennium
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  • Deaths
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Events

This section is transcluded from AD 40. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Empire[]
  • Emperor Caligula is consul without colleague.
  • Caligula starts on a campaign to conquer Britain, which fails miserably. He declares himself victorious regardless.
  • Noricum and Mauretania are incorporated into the Roman Empire.
  • Caligula reforms the principatus into a Hellenistic Autocracy. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his. He also appoints his horse, Incitatus, a senator.
  • Approximate date of start of construction on the Pont du Gard aqueduct in Gallia Narbonensis.[1]
Europe[]
  • The Germanic Quadi tribe begin settling in present-day Moravia and Slovakia.
Parthia[]
  • Vardanes I becomes king of Parthia, opposed by his brother Gotarzes II.
Vietnam[]
  • The Vietnamese Trưng Sisters rebel against the rule of the Chinese Emperor Guang Wu of Han.

By topic[]

Arts and sciences[]
  • Philo teaches that all men are born free.
Religion[]
  • Christianity comes to Egypt as a church is founded in Alexandria. Mark the Evangelist founds the Church of Alexandria as the first Patriarch.
  • An early Christian church is erected at Corinth (most probable date).
  • The traditional date of Saint James the Great meeting Our Lady of the Pillar in Spain

This section is transcluded from AD 41. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Empire[]
  • January 24
  • January 25 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as emperor by the Senate.[3]
  • Claudius makes Agrippa king of Judea.[4]
  • Messalina, wife of Claudius, persuades Claudius to have Seneca the Younger banished to Corsica on a charge of adultery with Julia Livilla.[5]
  • Claudius restores religious freedom to Jews throughout the empire,[6] but prohibits Jews in Rome from proselytising.[7]
  • An attack across the Rhine by the Germans is stopped by the Romans.
China[]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • The disciples of Jesus form communities after the Diaspora, especially in Damascus and Antioch. For the first time they are called Christians.
  • The death of Caligula saves the Jewish people from being punished for resisting orders to worship his statue in the Temple of Jerusalem.

This section is transcluded from AD 42. ( | )

By places[]

Roman Empire[]
Korea[]
China[]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • 25 January – The Apostle Paul is converted to Christianity (the exact date is not provided in texts, but the Roman Catholic Church chooses to commemorate this date).
  • Traditional date of foundation of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria by the apostle Mark the Evangelist.

This section is transcluded from AD 43. ( | )

By place[]

Britain[]
Roman Empire[]
  • Julia Livia, daughter of Drusus Julius Caesar, is executed at the instigation of Claudius' wife Messalina.
  • Claudius annexes Lycia in Asia Minor, combining it with Pamphylia as a Roman province.
  • The Romans now have complete control of the Mediterranean Sea.
Central Asia[]
  • Warfare begins between the northern and southern Huns.
Vietnam[]
  • The warrior Trung Sisters commit suicide after their resistance is defeated at Nam Viet.
  • Vietnam is designated a province of China.
Parthia[]
  • King Vardanes I of Parthia forces the city of Seleucia on the Tigris to surrender.

By topic[]

Religion[]
Arts and Science[]

This section is transcluded from AD 44. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Empire[]
  • Emperor Claudius returns from his British campaign in triumph, the southeast part of Britannia now held by the Roman Empire, but the war will rage for another decade and a half.
  • Boudicca marries Prasutagus, king of the British Celtic tribe the Iceni (doubtful).[13]
  • Mauretania becomes a Roman province.
  • The Isle of Rhodes returns to the Roman Empire.
  • Judaea is controlled by Roman governors.
  • Cuspius Fadus (Roman governor of Judea) suppresses the revolt of Theudas, who is decapitated.
Korea[]

By topic[]

Arts and Science[]

This section is transcluded from AD 45. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Empire[]
  • Salzburg (Juvavum) is awarded the status of a Roman municipium.
  • Emperor Claudius expels the Jews from Rome.
  • Claudius founds Savaria, today the Hungarian city of Szombathely.
  • The Senate holds consultations regarding real estate speculation in Rome.
China[]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • Paul of Tarsus begins his missionary travels, according to one traditional dating scheme.[citation needed]

This section is transcluded from AD 46. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Empire[]
  • The settlement at Celje gets municipal rights, and is named municipium Claudia Celeia.
  • Dobruja is annexed into Roman Moesia.
  • A census shows that there are more than 6,000,000 Roman citizens.
  • After the death of its king, Thracia becomes a Roman province.
  • Rome and its northeast border are reunited by the Danube Road.
  • According to Orosius, there is a serious famine in Syria[15]
Central Asia[]
  • A drought and an invasion of locusts hit the Mongolian steppes, causing a famine and a revolt at Xiongnu.

This section is transcluded from AD 47. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Empire[]
  • Claudius revives the censorship and ludi saeculares, and organises the order of the Haruspices, with 60 members.
  • Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo is made commander of the Roman army in Germania Inferior. He conquers the Chauci and fights against the Cherusci and Frisians.
  • Cauci pirates led by the Roman deserter Gannascus ravage the Gallic coast; Corbulo uses the Rhine fleet against them. The Frisian revolt is suppressed.
  • Publius Ostorius Scapula replaces Aulus Plautius as governor of Britain. The south-east of the island is now a Roman province, while certain states on the south coast are ruled as a nominally independent client kingdom by Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus, whose seat is probably at Fishbourne near Chichester. Ostorius immediately faces incursions from unconquered areas, which he puts down.
  • Corbulo orders the construction of the canal Fossa Corbulonis, between the Rhine and Meuse in the Netherlands, which connects the city Forum Hadriani (Voorburg).
  • Romans build the Traiectum fortification near the mouth of the Rhine, which will later grow to be the city of Utrecht.
  • Claudius founds the city Forum Claudii Vallensium (modern Martigny) in the Alpes Poeninae (Switzerland).

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • Ananias becomes high priest in Judaea.
  • Paul starts his evangelistic work.

This section is transcluded from AD 48. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Empire[]
  • Emperor Claudius invests Agrippa II with the office of superintendent of the Temple in Jerusalem.
  • After the execution of his wife Messalina, Claudius gets senatorial approval to marry his niece, Agrippina the Younger.
  • Publius Ostorius Scapula, governor of Britain, announces his intention to disarm all Britons south and east of the Trent and Severn. The Iceni, an independent, allied kingdom within that area, revolt but are defeated. Ostorius then moves against the Deceangli in north Wales, but is forced to abandon the campaign to deal with a revolt among the allied Brigantes.
  • Gallic nobles are admitted to the Roman Senate. Claudius grants the rights of citizenship to the Aedui.
China[]
  • Emperor Guang Wu of Han, restores Chinese domination of Inner Mongolia. The Xiongnu are made confederates and guard the Northern border of the empire.
  • The Xiangnu empire dissolves.
Korea[]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • Probable date of the Apostolic Council. Paul of Tarsus begins his first mission (approximate date, see AD 47).
  • According to Christian legend, Martha travels to Avignon.

This section is transcluded from AD 49. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Empire[]

By topic[]

Religion[]

Significant people[]

Births[]

Transcluding articles: AD 40, AD 41, AD 42, AD 43, AD 44, AD 45, AD 46, AD 47, AD 48, and AD 49

AD 40

AD 41

AD 42

AD 43

  • Martial, Roman poet (approximate date)

AD 45

AD 46

AD 47

AD 48


Deaths[]

Transcluding articles: AD 40, AD 41, AD 42, AD 43, AD 44, AD 45, AD 46, AD 47, AD 48, and AD 49

AD 40

AD 41

AD 42

AD 43

AD 44

AD 45

AD 46

AD 47

AD 48

AD 49

References[]

  1. ^ Fabre, Guilhem; Fiches, Jean-Luc; Paillet, Jean-Louis (1991). "Interdisciplinary Research on the Aqueduct of Nimes and the Pont du Gard". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 4: 63–88. doi:10.1017/S104775940001549X.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Barrett, Anthony A. (2002). Caligula: The Corruption of Power. Routledge. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-203-13776-5.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (2004). Handbook to life in ancient Rome (2nd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8160-5026-0.
  4. ^ Dixon, William Hepworth (1865). The holy land. 2. B. Tauchnitz. p. 222.
  5. ^ Moran, Michael G. (2005). Ballif, Michelle (ed.). Classical rhetorics and rhetoricians: critical studies and sources. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-313-32178-8.
  6. ^ Freedman, David Noel, ed. (2000). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 262. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2.
  7. ^ Scullard, H. H. (2010). From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68. Taylor & Francis. p. 249. ISBN 978-0-415-58488-3.
  8. ^ Xiao Hong Lee, Lily; Stefanowska, A. D., eds. (2007). Biographical dictionary of Chinese women: antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.–618 C.E. 3. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 146–147. ISBN 978-0-7656-1750-7.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 16–20. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b Cassius Dio, Roman History.
  11. ^ Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars.
  12. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 47. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  13. ^ Carolyn D. Williams (2009). Boudica and Her Stories: Narrative Transformations of a Warrior Queen. University of Delaware Press. pp. 79–82. ISBN 978-0-87413-079-9.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  15. ^ Paulus Orosius. Historiae Adversum Paganos. Eodem anno imperii eius fames grauissima per Syriam facta est, quam etiam prophetae praenuntiauerant; sed Christianorum necessitatibus apud Hierosolymam conuectis ab Aegypto frumentis Helena Adiabenorum regina conuersa ad fidem Christi largissime ministrauit. (early 5th century)
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  17. ^ Roberts, John. The Oxford dictionary of the classical world. Oxford University Press. p. 695. ISBN 9780192801463.
  18. ^ Kvint, Vladimir (2015). Strategy for the Global Market: Theory and Practical Applications. Routledge. p. 8. ISBN 9781317485575.
  19. ^ Wiedemann, Thomas E. J. (1989). Adults and children in the Roman Empire. Taylor & Francis. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-415-00336-0.
  20. ^ Asma, Stephen T. (2009). On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears. Oxford University Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780199745777.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b Varner, Eric R. (2004). Mutilation and transformation: damnatio memoriae and Roman imperial portraiture. BRILL. p. 21. ISBN 978-90-04-13577-2.
  22. ^ Lightman, Marjorie; Lightman, Benjamin (2007). A to Z of ancient Greek and Roman women. 2. Infobase Publishing. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-8160-6710-7.
  23. ^ Joseph P. Free; Howard Frederic Vos (1992). Archaeology and Bible History. Zondervan. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-310-47961-1.
  24. ^ Chrystal, Paul (2017). Roman Women: The Women who influenced the History of Rome. Fonthill Media. p. 101.
  25. ^ Chrystal, Paul (2017). Roman Women: The Women who influenced the History of Rome. Fonthill Media. p. 101.
  26. ^ Wadley, Stephen (2006). Proceedings of the First North American Conference on Manchu Studies. Portland, Oregon: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 133. ISBN 978-3-447-05226-9.
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