7.7×58mm Arisaka

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Type 99 7.7 mm rimless
7.7 x 58mm JAP.JPG
7.7×58mm Arisaka
TypeRifle
Place of originJapan
Production history
Produced1940–1945 (Type 99)
VariantsType 92 semi-rimmed 7.7 mm, Type 99 rimless 7.7 mm (Arisaka), Navy type 7.7 mm
Specifications
Bullet diameter7.92 mm (0.312 in)
Neck diameter8.58 mm (0.338 in)
Shoulder diameter11.0 mm (0.43 in)
Base diameter12.02 mm (0.473 in)
Rim diameter12.07 mm (0.475 in)
Rim thickness1.0 mm (0.039 in)
Case length57.8 mm (2.28 in)
Overall length79.6 mm (3.13 in)
Primer typeLarge rifle
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
175 gr (11 g) FMJ 2,440 ft/s (740 m/s) 2,313 ft⋅lbf (3,136 J)
202 gr (13 g) FMJ 2,200 ft/s (670 m/s) 2,350 ft⋅lbf (3,190 J)
Source(s): [1]

The 7.7×58mm Arisaka cartridge was the standard military cartridge for the Imperial Japanese Army's and the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service during World War II. The 7.7×58mm cartridge was designed as the successor of the 6.5×50mmSR cartridge for rifles and machine guns but was never able to fully replace it by the end of the war.

History[]

Development[]

A rimless 7.7×58mm cartridge was first tested for a prototype 7.7 mm infantry rifle in 1919.[2] While the experiments would continue throughout the 1920s and 30s, the development of an air-cooled aircraft machine guns would however be taken priority. In 1920, the Imperial Japanese Army began the development of a new series of machine guns which lead to the adoption of the Type 89 aircraft machine gun variants and the 7.7×58mm semi-rimmed ball cartridge was designated in 1930 . The 7.7×58mm ball bullet was lead filled and had a cupronickel-plated jacket weighted at 10.5 g (162 gr).[3] Tracer, armor-piercing, incendiary and explosive rounds were also adopted as the Type 89 specialized ammunitions and their designations would be updated in 1934 to Type 92 for air and ground use machine guns.[4] The Type 89 ammunition would continue to be used in the Army aircraft throughout World War II. Following the adoption of the Type 92 heavy machine gun for infantry use in 1933, the 7.7×58mmSR Type 89 ball cartridge was modified to accept a 13.2 g (203.7 gr) bullet with a brass jacket as a heavier projectile was specially requested to improve the terminal ballistics. The ammunition was designated as the Type 92 ball cartridge for the infantry’s heavy machine gun in 1934.[5]

In 1937, however, rimless cartridges were found to have better performance in the testing for the magazine fed Type 97 in-vehicle heavy machine gun. As the result, the Type 97, 7.7×58mm rimless cartridge was adopted in late 1937 by reducing the Type 92 case rim from 12.7 to 12.0 mm while retaining the same bullet weight.[6] The case of the Type 97 cartridge would later be modified in 1940 during the development of the Type 99 rifles and light machine guns, where it was decided that a lighter bullet of 11.8 g (182 gr) was more efficient on short range target.[7]

With the final adoption of the rimless Type 99 7.7×58mm ball cartridge in 1940, the rim diameter of the Type 97 cartridge was standardised to 12.1mm while the late production Type 92 ammunition was modified by reducing the diameter of the case rim from 12.7 to 12.1 mm to further simplify logistics.[8] This effectively allowed the older 7.7×58mm variants, including the specialized ammunition, to be chambered into the Type 99 rifles and light machine guns with some discrepancy in accuracy due to the different bullet weights. Nevertheless, the existing semi-rimmed cartridges would remain in service for the Type 92 heavy machine gun during World War II.[9]

Cartridge variants during World War II[]

7.7×58mm Japanese military ammunition variants during World War II
Bullet Jacket Marking code Description
Ball Gilding-metal Pink or salmon ring Jacketed lead-core bullet
Armor-piercing - Black ring Brass bullet with a steel core
Tracer Cupro-nickel Green ring Pyrotechnic core in a lead bullet
Incendiary Cupro-nickel Magenta ring White phosphorus core in a lead envelope
High explosive Gilding-metal Purple ring PETN core in a flat-tipped lead envelope

Modern loadings[]

The 7.7×58mm Arisaka, as a sporting cartridge, is suitable for most big game with proper bullet selection.

The 7.7 mm Arisaka uses the same .311–.312 inch bullets as the .303 British,[10] and the standard military load delivered the same muzzle energy as the .303 British. Factory loaded ammunition and brass cases are available from Norma, Graf's, and Hornady, Sierra and Speer also produce usable bullets. Reloadable cartridge cases are produced by reforming .30-06 brass,[11] or fire forming 8x57mm IS cases. Case heads derived from the .30-06 are slightly undersized and bulge slightly just ahead of the web on firing, while the 8×57mm IS derived cases are slightly short. Normal cases of the correct dimensions also bulge slightly, however, as most Japanese rifles of this era had slightly oversized chambers, intended to allow the bolt to be closed on a round even in a very dirty chamber.

Gallery[]

  • A cutaway of the round

  • Type 92 7.7x58mmSR ammunition

See also[]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Johnson, Melvin M., Jr. (1944). Rifles and Machine Guns. New York: William Morrow & Company. p. 384.
  2. ^ 小銃審査の件, 大正８年, “Rifle Examination files, 1919”
  3. ^ 八九式旋回機関銃弾薬並同擬製弾細目名称表制定の件, “Authorizing the designation of the Model 89 swivel machine gun ammunition, 1930”
  4. ^ 八九式旋回八九式固定機関銃弾薬九二式徹甲実包仮制式制定並同弾薬図中修正の件, “Authorizing the designation of the Model 89 swivel machine gun ammunition and Type 92 armor-piercing cartridge, 1934”
  5. ^ ９２式重機関銃弾薬９２式普通實包假制式制定の件, 昭和９年, “Authorization for the Type 92 cartridge for Type 92 Heavy Machine Gun”
  6. ^ 九七式車載重機関銃弾薬仮制式制定の件, “Authorizing the designation of the Type 97 in-vehicle heavy machine gun ammunition, 1938”
  7. ^ 九九式軽機関銃弾薬九九式普通実包仮制式制定の件, Authorizing the designation of the Type 99 light machine gun ammunition, 1940
  8. ^ 九二式重機関銃外１点弾薬中改正の件, Revision of the Type 92 light machine gun ammunition, 1940
  9. ^ War Department TM9-1985-5 Japan Explosive Ordnance, 1953, p.275
  10. ^ http://www.chuckhawks.com/7-7mmArisaka.htm
  11. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Converting 30-06 to 7.7mm Arisaka--THE EASY WAY!". YouTube.

References[]

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