ATSC 3.0

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ATSC 3.0, also known by the moniker NextGen TV, is a major version of the ATSC standards for television broadcasting created by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC).[1][2][3]

The standards are designed to offer support for newer technologies, including HEVC for video channels of up to 2160p 4K resolution at 120 frames per second, wide color gamut, high dynamic range, Dolby AC-4 and MPEG-H 3D Audio, datacasting capabilities, and more robust mobile television support.[1][4] The capabilities have also been foreseen as a way to enable finer public alerting and targeted advertising.

The first major deployments of ATSC 3.0 occurred in South Korea, with the country's major television networks launching terrestrial ATSC 3.0 services in May 2017 in preparation for the 2018 Winter Olympics. In November 2017, the United States' Federal Communications Commission approved regulations allowing broadcast stations to voluntarily offer ATSC 3.0 services. If a United States broadcaster elects to begin transmission of ATSC 3.0, they must also broadcast ATSC signals for at least five years thereafter. There is not a mandatory transition or deadline to transition to ATSC 3.0 as existed for the transition from analog NTSC to ATSC.

Technical details[]

Further information: List of ATSC standards § ATSC 3.0

Bootstrap[]

ATSC 3.0 uses a bootstrap signal which allows a receiver to discover and identify the signals that are being transmitted.[5] The bootstrap signal has a fixed configuration that can allow for new signal types to be used in the future.[5] The bootstrap signal can also carry information to wake up a receiver so that it can receive an emergency alert message.[5]

Physical layer[]

ATSC 3.0 uses a physical layer that is based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation with low-density parity-check code (LDPC) FEC codes.[6] With a 6 MHz channel the bit rate can vary from 1 Mbit/s to 57 Mbit/s depending on the parameters that are used.[6] ATSC 3.0 is limited to 4 simultaneous physical layer pipes (PLP) in a channel which may have different robustness levels used for each PLP.[6] An example of how PLP can be used would be a channel that delivers HD video over a robust PLP and enhances the video to UHD with Scalable HEVC Video Coding layer over a higher bitrate PLP.[7]

Audio[]

ATSC 3.0 supports Dolby AC-4 and MPEG-H 3D Audio.[8][9][10]

Video[]

ATSC 3.0 supports three video formats: legacy SD video, interlaced HD video, and progressive video.[11] Legacy SD Video and Interlaced HD Video support frame rates up to 30 fps.[11] Legacy SD Video and Interlaced HD Video are included for compatibility with existing content and can't use HDR, HFR, or WCG.[11]

Legacy SD video

Legacy SD video supports resolutions up to 720×480 and supports High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Main 10 profile at Level 3.1 Main Tier.[11]

Interlaced HD video

Interlaced HD video supports 1080-line interlaced video with 1,920 or 1,440 pixels per line, and supports HEVC Main 10 profile at Level 4.1 Main Tier.[11]

Progressive video

Progressive video supports resolutions up to 3840×2160 progressive scan and supports HEVC Main 10 profile at Level 5.2 Main Tier.[11] Progressive video supports frame rates up to 120 fps and the Rec. 2020 color space.[11] Progressive video supports HDR using hybrid log–gamma (HLG) and perceptual quantizer (PQ) transfer functions.[11][12]

Watermark[]

ATSC 3.0 supports digital watermarking of the audio signal and video signal.[13][14]

Public alerting[]

A U.S.-based coalition known as the Advanced Warning and Response Network (AWARN) Alliance has advocated for the use of ATSC 3.0 features, including datacasting and digital network interoperability, in order to provide an emergency alert system with support for embedded rich media and finer geo-targeting. These capabilities are described in ATSC's published Advanced Emergency Information System Implementation Guide and elsewhere.[15][16]

In November 2021, AWARN and ATSC jointly filed comments in response to questions posed about ATSC 3.0 alerting capabilities in the FCC's Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking[17] as required by the National Defense Authorization Act of 2021.[18]

Analog audio fallback[]

Unlike ATSC 1.0, ATSC 3.0 theoretically supports the continued use of an analog audio subcarrier in addition to the digital signal by narrowing the bandwidth of the channel to 5.5 MHz wide (ATSC 1.0 requires the full 6 MHz bandwidth). On June 10, 2021, the FCC granted KBKF-LD in San Jose, California, a special temporary authority (STA) to transmit an analog FM audio subcarrier at 87.75 MHz, the same frequency as the audio subcarrier on an NTSC analog video signal. KBKF-LD's sister station WRME-LD was granted a similar special temporary authority shortly before the end of low-power analog television on July 13, 2021. The STA has implications for the dozens of remaining analog low-power television stations on physical channel 6, which operate as FM radio stations using that NTSC subcarrier and face a July 13 deadline to convert to digital; a digital signal is not compatible with standard FM radio nor with the American digital radio standard, HD Radio. KBKF must report any interference issues to the FCC twice during the STA's term, once at 90 days and again at 180 days.[19] The initial 90-day filings demonstrated that the shared channel space was a success.[20]

History[]

On March 26, 2013, the Advanced Television Systems Committee announced a call for proposals for the ATSC 3.0 physical layer which states that the plan is for the system to support video with a resolution of 3840×2160 at 60 fps (4K UHDTV).[21][22][23][24]

In February 2014, a channel-sharing trial began between Los Angeles television stations KLCS (a public television station that is a PBS member) and KJLA, a commercial ethnic broadcaster owned-and-operated by LATV, with support from the CTIA and approval of the Federal Communications Commission. The test involved multiplexing multiple HD and SD subchannels together, experimenting with both current MPEG-2 / H.262 and MPEG-4 AVC / H.264 video codecs. Ultimately, it has been decided that H.264 would not be considered for ATSC-3.0, but rather the newer MPEG-H HEVC / H.265 codec would be used instead, with OFDM instead of 8VSB for modulation, allowing for 28 Mbit/s[25][26][27][28][29] to 36 Mbit/s[30] or more of bandwidth on a single 6-MHz channel.

In May 2015, and continuing on for six months afterward, the temporary digital transition transmitter and antenna of Cleveland, Ohio's Fox affiliate, WJW, was used by the National Association of Broadcasters to test the "Futurecast" ATSC 3.0 standard advanced by LG Corporation and GatesAir.[31] In September 2015 further tests in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. area were announced by Sinclair Broadcast Group's Baltimore station, WBFF, which is also a Fox affiliate.[32] The Futurecast system had previously been tested in October 2014 during off-air hours through Madison, Wisconsin ABC affiliate WKOW.[33][34] Unlike ATSC 1.0/2.0's Distributed Transmission System's pseudo-single-frequency network operations, WI9XXT's two transmitters operate as a true Single Frequency Network.[35]

Further tests began in on January 6, 2016 of ATSC 3.0 with High Dynamic Range (using the Scalable HEVC video codec with HE-AAC audio) from Las Vegas independent station, KHMP-LD on UHF 18. It would later be joined in these tests by Sinclair's CW affiliate, KVCW simulcasting on a temporary test frequency (UHF 45).[36][37][38]

On January 20, 2016, a working group in South Korea led by LG Electronics and others performed the first "end-to-end" broadcast of 4K resolution programming via an ATSC 3.0 signal, using an IP transmission from the Seoul Broadcasting System's Mok-dong studio to feed a transmitter on Gwanak Mountain. The broadcaster's technical director stated that the successful test "highlights the potential for Korea's launch of terrestrial UHD TV commercial services using ATSC 3.0 in February 2017."[39][40] Following the test broadcast, South Korean broadcasters announced that they planned to launch ATSC 3.0 services in February 2017.[41]

On March 28, 2016, the Bootstrap component of ATSC 3.0 (System Discovery and Signalling) was upgraded from candidate standard to finalized standard.[42]

On June 29, 2016, NBC affiliate WRAL-TV in Raleigh, North Carolina, a station known for its pioneering roles in testing the original ATSC standards, launched an experimental ATSC 3.0 channel carrying the station's programming in 1080p, as well as a 4K demo loop.[43] WRAL-EX has also carried 4K coverage of the 2016 Summer Olympics and 2018 Winter Olympics in an experimental manner.[44][45]

South Korean deployment[]

On July 27, 2016, South Korea's Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning officially endorsed ATSC 3.0 as the country's broadcasting standard for ultra-high-definition television.[46] On January 6, 2017, LG Electronics announced that their 2017 4K TVs sold in South Korea would include ATSC 3.0 tuners.[47]

On May 31, 2017, SBS, MBC, and KBS officially launched their full-time ATSC 3.0 services in major South Korean markets such as Seoul and Incheon. The launch had been delayed from February 2017 due to issues obtaining the required equipment.[48][49]

The transition made South Korea the first country in the world to deploy a terrestrial UHD format, and enabled 4K broadcasts of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County.[50][51]

U.S. deployment[]

On February 2, 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) that would allow for the deployment of ATSC 3.0 in the United States.[52] The Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeks comments on issues such as carriage obligations, interference, public interest obligations, simulcasting, and a tuner mandate.[53] Gary Shapiro of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA) has stated that a TV tuner mandate is not necessary and that it should be market-driven and voluntary.[54] On February 24, 2017, the FCC voted unanimously to approve two portions of the NPRM, opening the door for manufacturers to begin producing ATSC 3.0 hardware.[55]

On November 14, 2017, the Pearl consortium (comprising a number of major broadcasting conglomerates, including Cox Media Group, Graham Media Group, Hearst Television, Gray Television, Nexstar Media Group, E. W. Scripps Company, and Tegna Inc.) announced that it would use Phoenix, Arizona as a test market for an ATSC 3.0 transition in 2018.[56] Two days later, the FCC voted 3–2 in favor of an order authorizing voluntary deployments of Next Gen TV (ATSC 3.0); stations that choose to deploy ATSC 3.0 services must continue to maintain an ATSC-compatible signal that is "substantially similar" in programming to their ATSC 3.0 signal (besides programming that leverages ATSC 3.0 features, and advertising), and covers the station's entire community of license (the FCC stated that it would expedite approval for transitions if the loss in over-the-air coverage post-transition is 5% or less). This clause will remain in effect for at least five years; permission from the FCC must be obtained before a full-power station can shut down its ATSC signal, but low-power stations are exempt from the simulcasting requirement and are allowed to flash-cut to ATSC 3.0 if they choose.[57][58]

ATSC 1.0 signals will still be subject to mandatory carriage rules for television providers during the five-year simulcasting mandate; the FCC stated that voluntary carriage of 3.0 signals by television providers would be left to the marketplace. The order does require stations to provide sufficient on-air notice about transitions to ATSC 3.0 services.[58] The FCC will not allocate a second channel to each broadcaster to enable a gradual consumer transition. Instead, it has been suggested that multiple broadcasters in each market cooperate by locating multiple degraded ATSC 1.0 services on a single transmitter. At the same time, the broadcasters would share the remaining transmitters for ATSC 3.0 transmissions. After sufficient consumer adoption, ATSC 1.0 transmissions would be abandoned, allowing stations to return to operation on their owned transmitters. It is unclear how the complications of this approach would be overcome, especially in light of spectrum reallocation in heavily populated markets.[59] The FCC published its final rules on ATSC 3.0 to the Federal Register on February 2, 2018, and they formally took effect 30 days afterward.[60]

As the transition is voluntary, the FCC will not require ATSC 3.0 tuners to be included in new televisions, and there will not be a subsidy program for the distribution of ATSC 3.0-compatible equipment.[61]

As part of the ATSC 3.0 trials by Pearl, Univision's KFPH-CD in Phoenix was converted to an ATSC 3.0 station on April 9, 2018, which will be shared by Univision and several other broadcasters. Univision and Sinclair Broadcast Group are also planning a trial in Dallas, which will utilize spectrum vacated by KSTR-DT and KTXD-TV to test ATSC 3.0 transmission using a single-frequency network.[62][63]

On September 26, 2019, the Consumer Technology Association announced that ATSC 3.0 will also become branded as "NEXTGEN TV" as part of ATSC 3.0's deployment in the United States.[64]

The major network affiliates in Las Vegas became the first to launch permanent ATSC 3.0 signals on May 26, 2020.[65]

U.S. stations broadcasting in ATSC 3.0[]

Since its deployment in Las Vegas, ATSC 3.0 was later deployed in many markets with more deployments to be made over the next few years.

As of January 21, 2022:[66]

  • Albuquerque/Santa Fe, NM
  • Atlanta, GA
    • WSB ABC 2
    • WAGA FOX 5
    • WXIA NBC 11
    • WPCH 17
    • WGCL CBS 46
  • Austin, TX
  • Baltimore, MD
    • WMAR ABC 2
    • WBAL NBC/MeTV 11
    • WMPT PBS 22
    • WBFF Fox/MNTV 45
    • WNUV CW 54
  • Boise, ID
  • Buffalo, NY
  • Cincinnati, OH
    • WLWT NBC 5
    • WCPO ABC 9
    • WKRC CBS 12
    • WXIX FOX 19
    • WSTR MyNetworkTV 64
  • Charlotte, NC
  • Columbus, OH
  • Dallas-Fort Worth, TX
    • KDFW Fox 4
    • KUVN Univision 23
    • KSTR Univision 49
  • Denver, CO
    • KWGN CW 2
    • KMGH ABC 7
    • KUSA NBC 9
    • KDVR Fox 31
  • Detroit, MI
    • WJBK Fox 2
    • WDIV NBC 4
    • WXYZ ABC 7
    • WMYD IND 20
    • WWJ CBS 62
  • Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo/Battle Creek, MI
    • WWMT CBS 3
    • WOOD NBC 8
    • WXSP MyNetworkTV 15
    • WXMI Fox 17
    • WOTV ABC 41
  • Greenville, NC
    • WUNK PBS 25
  • Hartford, CT
  • Indianapolis, IN
    • WTTV CBS 4
    • WRTV ABC 6
    • WTHR NBC 13
    • WXIN FOX 59
  • Kansas City, MO
    • WDAF FOX 4
    • KCTV CBS 5
    • KMBC ABC 9
    • KCPT PBS 19
    • KCWE CW 29
    • KMCI 38
    • KSHB NBC 41
    • KSMO MyNetwork 62
  • Las Vegas, NV
    • KSNV NBC 3
    • KLAS CBS 8
    • KTNV ABC 13
    • KVCW CW/MyNetworkTV 33
  • Little Rock/Pine Bluff, AR[67]
  • Los Angeles, CA
    • KTLA CW 5
    • KTTV Fox 11
    • KCOP MyNetwork 13
  • Miami, FL
  • Mobile, AL/Pensacola, FL
  • Nashville, TN
    • WKRN ABC 2
    • WTVF CBS 5
    • WZTV Fox 17
    • WUXP MyNetworkTV 30
    • WNAB CW 58
  • Norfolk/Newport News/Portsmouth/Virginia Beach, VA
    • WAVY NBC 10
    • WNLO Fox 14
    • WTVZ MyNetworkTV 33
    • WVBT Fox 43
  • Oklahoma City, OK
    • KFOR NBC 4
    • KOCO ABC 5
    • KOKH Fox 25
    • KOCB CW 34
    • KAUT IND 43
  • Orlando/Daytona Beach/Melbourne, FL
    • WESH NBC/ME-TV 2
    • WKCF CW, Estrella, Justice Network 18
    • WOFL Fox 35
    • WRBW MyNetworkTV/Fox 65
    • WRDQ IND, Antenna, CourtTV, Grit 27
    • WFTV ABC, Laff, Court TV, Mystery 9
  • Phoenix, AZ
    • KTVK IND, Comet, Circle, This TV, Weather Now 3
    • KPHO CBS 5
    • KAET PBS 8
    • KSAZ Fox 10
    • KPNX NBC 12
    • KFPH Univision 13
    • KNXV ABC 15
    • KGRX GRBC 29
    • KUTP Fox 45
    • KASW CW 61
  • Pittsburgh, PA
    • WTAE ABC 4
    • WPNT MyNetworkTV 22
    • WPGH Fox 53
  • Portland, OR
  • Raleigh-Durham, NC
  • Sacramento/Stockton, CA
  • Salt Lake City, UT
  • Santa Barbara, CA
    • KSBB MyNetworkTV 17
  • Seattle, WA
    • KOMO ABC 4
    • KING NBC 5
    • KIRO CBS 7
    • KCPQ Fox 13
    • KONG IND 16
    • KZJO MyNetworkTV 22
    • KUNS Univision 51
  • Springfield, MA
  • St. Louis, MO
    • KTVI Fox 2
    • KMOV CBS 4
    • KSDK NBC 5
    • KPLR CW 11
    • KDNL ABC 30
  • St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
    • WFLA NBC 8
    • WTSP CBS 10
    • WTVT Fox 13
    • WFTS ABC 28
    • WMOR 32
  • Syracuse, NY
  • Tallahassee, FL/Thomasville, GA
    • WCTV CBS, Circle, ION, Justice 6
    • WFXU MeTV, MyTV 57
  • Washington, D.C.

Caribbean Deployment[]

On December 2021, the Jamaica Broadcasting Commission confirmed that Jamaica will convert to ATSC 3.0 by 2022 as part of Jamaica's conversion from analog to digital television, with a full completion by 2023, making Jamaica the first country in the Caribbean to switch to ATSC 3.0. Jamaica did not switch to ATSC 1.0 prior to the digital transition.[70]

One of the networks that will make the switch also includes Television Jamaica, a television network in Jamaica which also became a full member of the Advanced Television Systems Committee.[71]

Concerns[]

Consumer advocates have noted the opportunity in which ATSC 3.0 can allow advertisers to run targeted advertising. The targeted ads would allow advertisers to track more directly viewer ratings rather than indirectly by companies such as Nielsen Media Research. The FCC is expected to defer the decision on targeted ads to be in accordance with Federal Trade Commission's guidelines on privacy.[72]

A consortium of U.S. television providers criticized the domestic plans for the transition, citing the "voluntary" transition, inconsistencies in commitments to simulcasting arrangements for compatibility, potential downgrades in service for ATSC 1.0 viewers, as well as how these signals will factor into retransmission consent negotiations.[73] Early ATSC 3.0 "lighthouse" stations involved sharing agreements with major station ownership groups such as Nexstar, Sinclair, Scripps and Tegna, while leaving out public television stations and independent broadcasters; the Buffalo launch of ATSC 3.0, for example, left out WNED-TV and WBBZ-TV.[74]

See also[]

  • ATSC tuner
  • High Efficiency Video Coding

References[]

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