Ain El Remmaneh

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A normal street in Ain el Remmaneh in 2021.

Ain El Remmaneh (Arabic: عين الرمانة, lit. spring of the pomegranate) is a Christian neighborhood, in the Baabda district[1] of Mount Lebanon, Lebanon,[2][3] a suburb of Beirut and part of Greater Beirut.[4]

History and war[]

Notre Dame du Salut Church (كنيسة سيدة الخلاص), where the assassination attempt of Pierre Gemayel took place.

In the 1950's, the populous town was known for gathering intellectuals and prominent personalities[5] like the poet Said Akl.

But soon on April 13, 1975, it witnessed the serious security incident of the Bus Massacre, between the local Christian Kataeb party and the Palestinians refugees (of 1948), which sparked the 15-years civil war.

During the Civil War, it became a war-torn[6][7][8] and an important stronghold of the Christian militias like the Lebanese Forces,[9] Kataeb, Ahrar,[10] Herras, etc., and witnessed violent battles, either with the Muslims across the Green Line with Chyah of the "West Beirut" on its border, the Syrian Forces, Palestianians and even inter-Christian conflicts,[11][12] and was known for its endurance, thus became known as the "fortress of resistance" (قلعة الصمود).[13]

Bus massacre[]

The Bullet Statue تمثال الرصاص made out of bullets.

On April 13, 1975, a bus passing through Ain Al-Remmaneh, transporting Palestinians returning from a festival, heading up to their camp in Tel al-Zaatar, was gunned down by militiamen of the Kataeb party, killing all the 27 passengers except the driver, which marked the start of the Lebanese Civil War.[7][8][14] The incident happened just hours after 4 Christians were killed outside a nearby church[7] in Ain El-Remmaneh in an assassination attempt of the Phalangist (Kataeb) leader Pierre Gemayel.[15][16][17]

Etimology[]

Ain El Remmaneh means "the water spring of the pomegranate tree", for the area was known to be covered with pomegranate and citrus trees before it was wiped out during the civil war.[13]

Overview[]

The famous Virgin Mary Statue تمثال المرايا

Ain El Remmaneh is managed by the municipality of Furn Al Chebbak, which also manages Tahwitet El Nahr (tahwita).[18] It is surrounded by Sin El Fil from the north, Chiyah from the South, Hazmieh from the East and Beirut from the West. Its strategic location has transformed it into an important urban area, with industrial and educational significance.[18]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Localiban. "Furn Ech Chebbak - Ain El Remmaneh - Tahouitat el Nahr - Localiban". www.localiban.org. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
  2. ^ "عين الرمانة (الشياح) | Libandata.org". www.libandata.org. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  3. ^ لوكاليبان. "فرن الشباك - عين الرمانة - تحويطة النهر - لوكاليبان". www.localiban.org (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  4. ^ حرب لبنان: من عين الرمانة ..الى قوة الردع (in Arabic). Dār al-Ḥarakah al-Lubnānīyah. 1978.
  5. ^ "عين الرمانة والشياح... تاريخ الدم و'الحبّ'". annahar.com. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  6. ^ "المعركة بين الحروب". عربي21 (in Arabic). 2021-02-18. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c readApril 13, Marea DonnellyHistory writer3 min; 2015 - 12:00am (2015-04-12). "Deadly bus shooting echoed across slaughter of civil war". dailytelegraph. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Libnanews, Newsdesk. "Lebanon / Civil War: A Day in Hell, April 13, 1975". libnanews.com (in French). Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  9. ^ حرب لبنان: من عين الرمانة ..الى قوة الردع (in Arabic). Dār al-Ḥarakah al-Lubnānīyah. 1978. p. 89.
  10. ^ Khuwayrī, Anṭwān (1975). Ḥawādith Lubnān (in Arabic). Dār al-Abjadīyah. p. 301.
  11. ^ Bashīr al-Jumayyil: al-Waʻd, al-qarār wa-al-wafāʼ, 3 (in Arabic). Muʼassasat Bashīr al-Jumayyil. 1984.
  12. ^ جورج, سعادة، (1998). قصتي مع الطاىف: حقائق ووثائق، ملابسات ومعاناة، سوء تنفيذ وخيبة أمل (in Arabic). [s.n.]،. p. 310.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b "عين الرمانة والشياح... تاريخ الدم و'الحبّ'". annahar.com. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  14. ^ Times, Juan de Onis Special to The New York (1975-04-14). "22 PALESTINIANS KILLED IN BEIRUT (Published 1975)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  15. ^ Lerner, K. Lee; Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth (2006). Terrorism: Essential Primary Sources. Thomson Gale. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-4144-0621-3.
  16. ^ B. A., Politics and History. "Timeline of the Lebanese Civil War From 1975-1990". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  17. ^ Ramsperger, Kathryn Brown (2017-11-16). The Shores of Our Souls. TouchPoint Press via PublishDrive.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b "Furn El Chebbak, Ain El Remmaneh and Tahwitet El Nahr: cities of multiple facets". www.lebanesemunicipalagenda.com. Retrieved 2021-02-22.

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