Al-Farooq (title)

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Al-Farooq
الفاروق
Rashidun Caliphs Umar ibn Al-Khattāb - عُمر بن الخطّاب ثاني الخلفاء الراشدين.svg
Arabic Calligraphic representation of
Umar Al-Farooq name
PronunciationAl-Farooq
(Arabic: فاروق),
Farouk,
Faruqi,
Farook,
Faruk,
Faroeq,
Faruq,
Farouq,
Farooqi,
Farooqui,
Fārūq
GenderMale
Language(s)Arabic
Origin
MeaningThe one who distinguishes right from wrong.
Region of originArabia (Middle East)

Al-Farooq (Arabic: الفاروق, "distinguisher") is the title given to one who distinguishes right from wrong.[1] It was a well-known historical title of the second caliph Umar.

Etymology[]

According to the Lisān al-'Arab (Arabic dictionary by Ibn Manẓūr) al-Farouq refers to making a distinction between two subjects, and is a person who distinguishes between right and wrong.[2] Al-Farooq is translated as "discriminator" by Gerald T. Elmore,[3] Richard F. Burton.[4]

History[]

According to historical Sunni sources, Muhammad entitled Umar ibn al-Khattab as al-Farooq.[1] The son of Kahn Jahan, the minister of Muhammad bin Tughluq claimed Umar ibn al-Khattab got this title from the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[5] Also Umayyad caliph Sulayman called him discriminator (al-farooq)[6] It is mentioned in the History of Tabari, Taqabat ibn Sad, and Tahdhib "the people of the Book (Jews) were the first to call Umar 'al-Faaruq, we have never heard the Prophet make such reference."[7]

Among historical Shia sources, there is a hadith attributed to Prophet Muhammad in which he entitled Ali ibn Abi Talib as al-Farooq.[8] Abu Dhar al-Ghifari and Salman the Persian narrated some of this Hadithes [9] There are also some Shia sources that emphasized that the people of the book called Omar bin al-Khattab as al-Farooq.[8][10]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Mohammed Jabar (1 November 2014). Islam and the West: A Rational Perspective. Memoirs Publishing. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-86151-298-7.
  2. ^ Ibn Manẓūr. Lisān al-'Arab. p. 303.
  3. ^ Elmore, Gerald T. (1999). Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn Al-Arabi's Book of the Fabulous Gryphon. Brill Academic Pub; annotated edition. p. 283. ISBN 978-9004109919.
  4. ^ Burton, Richard F. (December 2008). Arabian Nights. Cosimo Classics. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-60520-578-6.
  5. ^ "Sarkár of Dándes". Bibliotheca Indica. Baptist Mission Press. 61 (2). p. 226, footnote 4. 1891. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  6. ^ Schroeder, Eric (January 2002). Muhammad's People: An Anthology of Muslim Civilization. Dover Publications. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-486-42502-3.[verification needed]
  7. ^ Yar-Shater, Eshan, ed. (2015). The Conquest of Iran A.D. 641-643/A.H. 21-23. The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 14. Translated by Smith, G Rex. SUNY Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-4384-2039-4.
  8. ^ a b Mesbah Yazdi, Mesbah Yazdi. quarter of arrogancزینهار از تکبر]. Vol. 1. p. 217.
  9. ^ Ameli, jafar morteza. Ṣaḥīḥ of Biography of Imam Ali. Vol. 14. p. 156.
  10. ^ Wheeler, Brannon (2002-06-18). Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-8264-4957-3.
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