Al Columbia

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Al Columbia
BornAlfred Columbia
1970 (age 50–51)
NationalityAmerican
Area(s)Cartoonist, Writer, Artist, Inker, Colourist
Pseudonym(s)Lucien
Jack Lazy
Orange Sunshine
Francis D. Longfellow
Notable works
The Biologic Show
"I Was Killing When Killing Wasn't Cool"
"The Blood-Clot Boy"
"Amnesia"
"The Trumpets They Play!"
The Pogostick
"5:45 A.M."
Pim & Francie: The Golden Bear Days
Amnesia: The Lost Films of Francis D. Longfellow
CollaboratorsEthan Persoff

Al Columbia (born 1970) is an American artist known for his horror-themed alternative comics and illustrations. Comics writer Heidi MacDonald has described him as a "cartoonist’s [cartoonist] whose body of work is as unforgettable as it is slim."[1] His best-known published works include the comic book series The Biologic Show, the art book/graphic novel Pim & Francie: The Golden Bear Days, and short stories such as "I Was Killing When Killing Wasn't Cool" and "The Trumpets They Play!". He also works in other media including painting, printmaking, music, and film.

Career[]

Big Numbers[]

Main article: Big Numbers (comics)

At the age of 18[2] Columbia was hired to assist Bill Sienkiewicz in illustrating Alan Moore's ambitious Big Numbers series. When Sienkiewicz withdrew from the series in 1990 after the release of the first two issues, Moore and his backers at Tundra Publishing asked the young Columbia to become its sole artist. In 1992, with no more issues released, Columbia himself left the project under a cloud of rumors, including accusations that he had destroyed his own artwork for Big Numbers #4.[3][4][5] Columbia declined to address the subject publicly for several years, writing in a 1998 letter to The Comics Journal that "I could easily launch into a tirade about the extensive horror of my Tundra experience, but I much prefer the very entertaining and conflicting accounts already in circulation."[6] In later statements he confirmed that he destroyed his artwork for the series but disputed additional claims by the other principal figures in the fiasco.[7][8]

In a 2011 article reflecting on his Big Numbers experience, Sienkiewicz wrote that he and Columbia had long since reconciled over the matter, and that he was content to "[c]halk the feud up to the folly of youth."[9]

1990s[]

Columbia's first published works appeared in the horror anthology From Beyonde in 1991, initially under the pen name "Lucien" and then under his own name. Tundra sponsored the publication of his first solo comic book, the slight but lavishly produced Doghead, in 1992. In 1993 the British magazine Deadline published his stories "The Biologic Show" and "Tar Frogs: A Pim and Francie Adventure". In these stories, which focused on visceral subject matter including mutilation, incest, and the occult, he moved away from the comparatively mild caricature and glossy photorealism of his earliest Sienkiewicz-influenced work towards a scabrous but virtuosic pen-and-ink style emphasizing grotesque physiognomic details such as rictus grins and leering, reptilian eyes.[10]

In 1994 Fantagraphics Books published Columbia's comic The Biologic Show #0, which contained revised versions of the two Deadline pieces along with new works in a similar vein. It received mostly enthusiastic reviews and praise from other cartoonists including Mike Allred[11] and Jim Woodring.[12] The Biologic Show #1 followed in 1995, featuring the first part of a never-continued Pim and Francie serial, Peloria; an issue #2 was advertised but never appeared. Also in 1995, "I Was Killing When Killing Wasn't Cool" became the first of a series of two color short stories by Columbia to appear in the Fantagraphics anthology Zero Zero. In these works, noted for their striking rhythms and vivid atmosphere of dread,[13][14] he adopted a more streamlined drawing style evocative of early animated cartoons, particularly the works of Fleischer Studios. In later stories such as "Amnesia" (1997) Columbia combined these cartoony character drawings with minutely detailed chiaroscuro backgrounds created using mixed media (including watercolor, acrylic paint, ink, and charcoal),[15] with digital tools playing a supplementary role. "The Trumpets They Play!", a widely lauded[16][17][18] work in this style based on the Book of Revelation, appeared in BLAB! #10 in 1998. In addition to his own creations, Columbia did color separations for the publications of other cartoonists including Chris Ware (Acme Novelty Library),[19][20] Archer Prewitt (Sof' Boy and Friends),[21] and Catherine Doherty (Can of Worms).[22]

Although Columbia gave occasional interviews during this period,[23][24][25] the small quantity of his published output and the cancellation of several titles and anthology contributions, compounded with lingering questions about the fate of Big Numbers, made him an object of much speculation. "Whatever happened to Al Columbia?" was such a perennial question on The Comics Journal's online message board that it eventually became an in-joke referenced in later press coverage.[26][27]

2000s[]

Columbia's turn-of-the-millennium career was punctuated by several prominent appearances in non-comics media, including set designs for David Cross's 1999 comedy special The Pride is Back,[28] a post-9/11 illustration for the New York Times Letters page,[29] and, in 2003, artwork for The Postal Service's platinum-selling album Give Up.[30] In the comics realm, following a pair of gruesome, mock-valedictory covers for Zero Zero's final issue (#27, August 2000) and a small handful of pieces for other anthologies, his artwork stopped appearing in print for several years after 2002. He contributed solely as a writer to 2003's The Pogostick, a darkly humorous comic book series illustrated by Ethan Persoff about a mentally disturbed office worker. The Pogostick earned a Harvey Award nomination for Best New Series[31] but was left unfinished after two issues. A personal website, alcolumbia.com, appeared the same year with a "Coming Soon" sign but lay dormant until late 2006, when it emerged as a Flash-based repository of ephemeral content including artwork, photographs, music, and videos.[32]

Columbia returned to a degree of public visibility in 2007 with an exhibition of original artwork at Portland, Oregon's Floating World Comics,[33] an interview on Robin McConnell's Inkstuds radio show,[34] and the first of six appearances in Fantagraphics' little magazine-style comics quarterly, Mome. In 2008 he created a short run comic strip, Blue Apples, for the briefly-revived Arthur magazine under the auspices of comics page editor Alvin Buenaventura.[35] Buenaventura brokered a similar arrangement with The Believer literary magazine for a second Columbia strip, The Happy Prick, which appeared in two installments during 2009 and 2010.

In 2009 Fantagraphics released Columbia's most expansive work to date by far: Pim & Francie: The Golden Bear Days, a 240-page assemblage of fragmentary comics and illustrations drawn over a period of more than ten years. It received widespread critical acclaim and earned him two Ignatz Award nominations.[36] His Mome short story "5:45 A.M." was also featured in the 2009 edition of The Best American Comics.

2010–present[]

Columbia continued to contribute occasional pieces for publication through the 2010s, primarily to small press releases. His original drawings and paintings increasingly appeared for sale in online marketplaces, along with limited edition prints issued by various commercial partners.[37][38][39] Some of this non-comics work eventually saw publication in the pages of the contemporary art magazine Hi-Fructose and on its website.[40] Alcolumbia.com closed in early 2012[41] and was replaced the following year by orangesunshinehouse.com,[42] featuring a similar mixture of Flash-based content. In 2017 the site moved to a new domain, orangesunshinemedicine.com,[43][44][45] before disappearing in 2019.[46]

In 2018 Columbia released Amnesia: The Lost Films of Francis D. Longfellow, a collection of posters for the output of a fictional Golden Age animation studio.[1]

In October 2020 Hollow Press published a hardcover collection of The Biologic Show, reproducing both issues of the long-out-of-print comic along with a pair of related early works, in English and Italian language editions.[47] In August 2021 Huber Éditions released a French language version of Pim & Francie: The Golden Bear Days.[48]

Recurring characters[]

From The Biologic Show onwards Columbia's comics have featured several recurring characters who continue to reappear despite having been killed multiple times.

  • Seymour Sunshine: A frequent protagonist in Columbia's early work, Seymour Sunshine is a timid, passive manchild who resembles Koko the Clown. He first appeared in the story "No Tomorrow If I Must Return" in The Biologic Show #0. Other stories featuring the character include "I Was Killing When Killing Wasn't Cool", "Amnesia", and "The Trumpets They Play!".
  • Pim and Francie: A pair of impish waifs whose antics get them into horrific trouble, Pim and Francie first appeared in the story "Tar Frogs" and are the protagonists in "Peloria Part One" and Pim & Francie: The Golden Bear Days. The two have a loosely-defined friend/lover/sibling relationship. According to Columbia they were originally modeled on him and his former girlfriend as cartoon characters before taking on a life of their own.[49]
  • Knishkebibble the Monkey-Boy: Described in the story "Amnesia" as a "childish icon for mischievous and filthy pleasures," Knishkebibble was introduced in "Peloria Part One". In later appearances he acted as Seymour Sunshine's sidekick, serving mostly to drag both of them into dangerous situations. He is greedy, conniving, and vulgar, and usually speaks with a hillbilly accent.

Music and film[]

In the 1990s Columbia was a founding member of the band The Action Suits, whose other members included fellow Fantagraphics cartoonists Peter Bagge and Eric Reynolds.[50][51] Although he did not play on any of the band's recordings, he created the artwork for their 1997 single "Glazed Donuts". Columbia's own musical recordings with various collaborators have appeared sporadically on his websites and on streaming platforms including YouTube and Vimeo; none have been released commercially. He has also directed short films and music videos, including one in 2009 for the song "These Wounds Never Heal" by the American heavy metal band Unholy.[52][53]

Columbia's story "5:45 A.M." provided the basis for a scene in director Santiago Menghini's 2014 short film Intruders,[54] which was screened at various North American venues including the Toronto International Film Festival.[55]

Influence[]

Gerard Way, author of The Umbrella Academy and lead singer of the band My Chemical Romance, described his exposure to Columbia's work as "a turning point" in the development of his own sensibility.[56][57] Other artists and musicians who have cited Columbia as an inspiration include Tunde Adebimpe of TV on the Radio,[58] Camille Rose Garcia,[59] Dwid Hellion of Integrity,[60] Frances Bean Cobain,[61] and Esao Andrews.[62]

In a 2009 interview with Juxtapoz magazine's Evan Pricco, illustrator Aaron Horkey asserted that "countless successful artists continue to pillage [Columbia's] back catalog, propping up their half-baked careers on the well-worn spines of second hand copies of Biologic Show."[63]

Published works[]

Solo comics and books[]

Comics with Ethan Persoff[]

  • Writing, The Pogostick #1 (February 2003, Fantagraphics Books); artwork by Ethan Persoff
  • Writing, The Pogostick #2 (December 2003, Fantagraphics Books); artwork by Ethan Persoff

Other works in comics, anthologies, and serial publications[]

  • "The Virus", 8 pages (artwork only; writing by Mike Bliss, layouts by Frank Forte); front cover; various illustrations [as "Lucien"]. From Beyonde #1 (February 1991, Studio Insidio (Watertown, CT))
  • "Clara Mutilarés", 11 pages; front cover; various illustrations. From Beyonde #2 (May 1991, Studio Insidio)
  • "Untitled", 4 pages; back cover. From Beyonde #3 (September 1991, Studio Insidio)
  • "Courtney & Kurt" (front cover); "The Biologic Show", 5 pages. Deadline #51 (May 1993, Deadline Publications); "The Biologic Show" was published in revised form in The Biologic Show #0
  • "Madman Picture Exhibition" (back cover). Madman Adventures #2, comic by Mike Allred (June 1993, Tundra Publishing); larger reproductions of this image appear in Madman Picture Exhibition #3 (June 2002, AAA Pop Comics), Madman 20th Anniversary Monster (February 2012, Image Comics), and other compilations
  • "Tar Frogs: A Pim and Francie Adventure", 8 pages. Deadline #56 (October 1993, Deadline Publications); published in revised form in The Biologic Show #0
  • [Various illustrations]. no. 5, minicomic by Marc Arsenault (1993, Wow Cool)
  • "Timewarp" (front cover), partial page. Madman Adventures, Volume One, comic by Mike Allred (1993, Tundra Publishing); two drawings ("Eyeball & Four-Eyed Head") in a comic jam featuring 38 artists, also released as a poster
  • [Untitled collaborative illustration with Kevin Eastman], 1 page. Heavy Metal Pin-Up Special, Volume 8, #1 (June 1994, Metal Mammoth)
  • "Ersatz: A Family Name", 2 pages. Deadline #65 (October/November 1994, Deadline Publications); published in revised form in The Biologic Show #1
  • [Various illustrations]. puppydoglove, zine by Marc Arsenault (December 1994, Wow Cool)
  • "Johnny 23", 4 pages. Taboo #8 (1995, Kitchen Sink Press); displays a 1992 copyright, also released as a minicomic (n.d., Wow Cool)
  • "I Was Killing When Killing Wasn't Cool", 8 pages. Zero Zero #4 (August 1995, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Jack never woke up", 1 page (inside front cover). Zero Zero #8 (March/April 1996, Fantagraphics Books)
  • Front cover. Newbies Eclectica #6, ed. Jordan Raphael (1997, The Graphic Cartel (Montreal, QC))
  • "Walpurgischnacht '97" [sic] (back cover). Zero Zero #15 (March 1997, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "The Blood-Clot Boy", 6 pages. Zero Zero #16 (April/May 1997, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Amnesia", 8 pages. Zero Zero #20 (September/October 1997, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Alfred the Great", 1 page. NewCity, December 25, 1997
  • "The Trumpets They Play!", 8 pages. BLAB! #10, ed. Monte Beauchamp (1998, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Alfred the Great", 4 pages; "Alfred the Great: Encore", 1 page. Zero Zero #26 (July/August 1999, Fantagraphics Books)
  • Front cover; "Movie Magic" [as "Jack Lazy"], 1 page. The Stranger, March 16, 2000
  • [Illustration accompanying the article "Pain" by Rick Levin], partial page. The Stranger, July 27, 2000
  • Front cover; "Vladimir Nabokov's 'Cheapy the Guinea Pig'" (back cover). Zero Zero #27 (August 2000, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Pim & Francie", 1 page. The Stranger, March 22, 2001
  • [Illustration accompanying the letter to the editor "As the Taliban Flee, Time to Send In Fido" by Ralph L. Cwerman], partial page. The New York Times, November 14, 2001
  • "See no evil" (front cover). Hanging Like a Hex #16 (n.d. (published between 2001 and 2003), Hanging Like a Hex (North Syracuse, NY)); one of three variant covers by different artists for this issue
  • Wraparound front and back cover. Dirty Stories Volume 3, ed. Eric Reynolds (Spring 2002, Eros Comix/Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Chopped Up People", 9 pages. Mome #7, ed. Eric Reynolds and Gary Groth (Spring 2007, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Fucking Felix", 9 pages. Mome #8, ed. Eric Reynolds and Gary Groth (Summer 2007, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Pim and Francie", 2 pages. Mome #9, ed. Eric Reynolds and Gary Groth (Fall 2007); a colorized version of the comic published in The Stranger above
  • "Cheapy the Guinea Pig in 'Morning Glory'", 1 page. Awesome: The Indie Spinner Rack Anthology (October 2007, Evil Twin Comics (Brooklyn, NY))
  • Front and back covers. Mome #10, ed. Eric Reynolds and Gary Groth (Winter/Spring 2008, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "5:45 A.M.", 4 pages. Mome #11, ed. Eric Reynolds and Gary Groth (Summer 2008, Fantagraphics Books); also published in The Best American Comics 2009, ed. Charles Burns (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)
  • "Blue Apples", partial page (comic strip). Arthur #29 (May 2008)
  • "Blue Apples", partial page (comic strip). Arthur #30 (July 2008)
  • "Blue Apples", partial page (comic strip). Arthur #31 (September 2008)
  • "Invasion", 3 pages. Mome #12, ed. Eric Reynolds and Gary Groth (Fall 2008, Fantagraphics Books)
  • [Untitled], 16 pages. Swallow Volume 1, #5, ed. Ashley Wood (December 2008, IDW Publishing)
  • "Toyland", 2 pages. Diamond Comics #4, ed. Jason Leivian (October 2009, Floating World Comics)
  • "The Happy Prick", partial page (comic strip). The Believer Volume 7, #9 (November/December 2009)
  • [Untitled], 9 pages; back cover. GO FOR THE GOLD! 3, ed. Chris McD (December 2009, McD Workshop (Philadelphia, PA))
  • "The Happy Prick", partial page (comic strip). The Believer Volume 8, #1 (January 2010)
  • "Pain", 1 page. Black Eye #1, ed. Ryan Standfest (2011, Rotland Press (Detroit, MI))
  • "Pim & Francie: Blood on the Walls, Blood on the Walls", 2 pages; "Pim & Francie: The Candyman", 2 pages. Smoke Signal #23, ed. Gabe Fowler (November 2015, Desert Island)
  • Front cover; "Sea Monkeys" (back cover). Smoke Signal #24, ed. Gabe Fowler (February 2016, Desert Island)
  • "Night People", 1 page; "The Devil's Mansion", 2 pages. Kramers Ergot #9, ed. Sammy Harkham (April 2016, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Pim & Francie in 'Blast Off'", 2 pages. Smoke Signal #25, ed. Gabe Fowler (June 2016, Desert Island)
  • "O Death, 2 pages; "Goodbye Grandma", 1 page; "Hammer Night", 1 page; "Night of 1,000 Loonies", "Bad Blood", 1 page; "Psycho the Cyclops", 2 pages; "Bullseye", 1 page; "Pim's Revenge", 1 page; "Return of the Black Magicians", 1 page; "Home Sweet Home", 1 page. Mirror Mirror II, ed. Sean T. Collins & Julia Grfrörer (June 2017, 2dcloud (Minneapolis, MN))
  • "Citizens" (front cover). Now #3, ed. Eric Reynolds (May 2018, Fantagraphics Books)
  • "Isle of Enchantment" (front cover). Now #8, ed. Eric Reynolds (March 2020, Fantagraphics Books)

Articles and interviews featuring artwork not published elsewhere[]

  • Lynam, Ian. "A Chat with Ol' Al Columbia". Velour #1. Berkeley, CA: Migraine, n.d., 7 unnumbered pages.
  • Gravett, Paul. "Al Columbia's Voyage of Discovery". The Comics Journal Special Edition, Vol. 1, Winter 2002, 33-35.
  • Owens, Annie. "Al Columbia". Hi-Fructose Vol. 15, April 2010, 92-103.
  • Tudor, Silke. "Al Columbia: Works on Paper". Hi-Fructose Vol. 31, April 2014, 50-67. [Pages 51-66 are a bound insert.]
  • Spurgeon, Tom, and Michael Dean. We Told You So: Comics As Art. Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics Books, 2016, 266-271, 275-280, 362-368.
  • Cotter, Bill. "Reconsidering the Canon: Al Columbia". The Comics Journal #306, Summer-Fall 2020, 104-111.

Music packaging[]

Other formats[]

  • Big Numbers promotional poster (1992, [Mad Love/Tundra Publishing])
  • Card #31. Madman X 50 Bubblegum Cards (1994, Dark Horse Comics); larger reproductions of this image were published in Madman Picture Exhibition #3 (June 2002, AAA Pop Comics), Madman 20th Anniversary Monster (February 2012, Image Comics), and other compilations
  • Card #68 (collaborative illustration with Kevin Eastman). The Art of Heavy Metal trading card series (1995, Comic Images); same image as the June 1994 Heavy Metal Pin-Up Special above
  • Stage set. The Pride is Back, television special by David Cross (1999, HBO)
  • "Nick Cave", 1 page. Book of Changes: Interviews by Kristine McKenna (2001, Fantagraphics Books)
  • Dust jacket art. This Side of Jordan, novel by Monte Schulz (2009, Fantagraphics Books)

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b MacDonald, Heidi (November 2, 2018). "Syndicated Comics".
  2. ^ "Al Columbia". Inkstuds. February 7, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  3. ^ Kavanagh, Barry (October 17, 2000). "The Alan Moore Interview: Malcolm McLaren and Big Numbers". Blather.net. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  4. ^ Eastman, Kevin. Interview by Gary Groth, The Comics Journal #202, March 1998, 38-99.
  5. ^ Campbell, Eddie. Alec: How to Be an Artist (Marietta, GA: Top Shelf Productions, 2001), 112-116.
  6. ^ Columbia, Al. Letter to the editor. "Kevin Eastman Is a Big, Fat, Fucking Liar!", The Comics Journal #205, June 1998, 5.
  7. ^ Wood, Ashley. "(Seeking for) THE TRUE STORY BEHIND BIG NUMBERS´S FALL OUT". Archived from the original on March 12, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  8. ^ Young, Robert. "Zero Sum Masterpiece: The Division of Big Numbers (AKA Searching for Al Columbia)", The Comics Interpreter Vol. 2 #3, 2004, 8-18.
  9. ^ Pádraig Ó Méalóid (January 2, 2011). "Pádraig Ó Méalóid: Bill Sienkiewicz speaks about Big Numbers #3". Slovobooks.blogspot.com. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  10. ^ Lambiek comic shop and studio in Amsterdam, The Netherlands (June 21, 2010). "Comic creator: Al Columbia". Lambiek.net.
  11. ^ Back cover, The Biologic Show #0, October 1994, Fantagraphics Books.
  12. ^ Woodring, Jim. "Muss I Den?", Jim Vol. 2 #5, May 1995, Fantagraphics Books.
  13. ^ Pryor, Marshall. "Young Cartoonist Profiles: Al Columbia", The Comics Journal #205, June 1998, 80.
  14. ^ "CR's Halloween Special: Brief Notes on Horror Comics, Art Comics, and Their Intersection". The Comics Reporter. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
  15. ^ ""AMNESIA 'stillframe' painting #45". Comic Art Collective (via Archive.org). Accessed October 18, 2007.
  16. ^ "It's 2000: do you know where the Devil is? | Dec 3, 1999". Yaleherald.com. December 3, 1999. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
  17. ^ "The Comics Reporter". The Comics Reporter. March 11, 2005.
  18. ^ Paul Gravett (October 8, 2006). "Al Columbia: Columbia's Voyage Of Discovery". Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  19. ^ Ware, Chris. Acme Novelty Library #5. Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics Books, Spring 1995.
  20. ^ Ware, Chris. Acme Novelty Library #6. Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics Books, Winter 1995-96.
  21. ^ Prewitt, Archer. Sof' Boy and Friends #1. Montreal, Quebec: Drawn & Quarterly, September 1997.
  22. ^ Doherty, Catherine. Can of Worms. Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics Books, March 2000.
  23. ^ "Al Columbia: Out of the Shadows", interview, Comic Collector #6, 34-36 (Colchester: Aceville Publications, August 1992)
  24. ^ "A chat with ol' Al Columbia", interview by Ian Lynam, Velour #1 (Berkeley, CA: Migraine, n.d.).
  25. ^ "Mr. Al Columbia", interview by Bwana Spoons, Ain't Nothin' Like Fuckin' Moonshine #10 (Portland, OR: Bwana Spoons)
  26. ^ "Pim & Francie Answers "Whatever Happened to Al Columbia?" at Comic Book News, Reviews, and Previews – The Blog From Another World". Tfaw.com. September 8, 2009. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013.
  27. ^ "The Comics Reporter". The Comics Reporter. October 5, 2006.
  28. ^ "Al Columbia filmography". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2014. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  29. ^ "As the Taliban Flee, Time to Send In Fido". The New York Times. November 19, 2001.
  30. ^ Al Columbia. "Al Columbia - Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  31. ^ "2004 Harvey Awards | Harvey Awards". web.archive.org. August 27, 2013.
  32. ^ "Al Columbia.com". Comicsbeat.com. May 11, 2013. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  33. ^ ""THE LAND OF BROKEN HEARTS" – A RARE EXHIBITION OF ARTWORK BY AL COLUMBIA – Floating World Comics".
  34. ^ "Al Columbia | Inkstuds Radio".
  35. ^ "Arthur Magazine on the Ropes Once Again". LA Weekly. June 27, 2008.
  36. ^ "2009 Ignatz Award Recipients | SPX: The Small Press Expo". www.smallpressexpo.com. September 27, 2009.
  37. ^ "AL COLUMBIA—Jack Never Woke kUp". Gray Area Print.
  38. ^ "Al Columbia 'TOYLAND' limited edition giclee prints – Floating World Comics".
  39. ^ MacDonald, Heidi (November 23, 2009). "Syndicated Comics".
  40. ^ "Al Columbia's Pim and Francie Continue Their Adventures in New Works". June 17, 2013.
  41. ^ "2011 - 2012 - Al Columbia.com". web.archive.org. November 7, 2011.
  42. ^ "Al Columbia Relaunches Orange Sunshine House Site". August 11, 2013.
  43. ^ "Wayback Machine". web.archive.org. Cite uses generic title (help)
  44. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20170920215308/http://orangesunshinehouse.com/
  45. ^ "Al Columbia = dessins et musique". February 13, 2017.
  46. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20190420093202/http://www.orangesunshinemedicine.com/
  47. ^ "the Biologic Show". www.hollow-press.net.
  48. ^ https://editionshuber.com/PIM-&-FRANCIE-par-Al-Columbia-p361933519
  49. ^ "Blog Archive » Interview: Al Columbia Pt. 2 [of 4]". The Daily Cross Hatch. December 7, 2009. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
  50. ^ "Action Suits | Biography & History". AllMusic.
  51. ^ "Eric Reynolds - Action Suits 7-inch - Art by Al Columbia Original comic art from top artists". Comic Art Collective. Archived from the original on May 25, 2011.
  52. ^ "Unholy's Video For "These Wounds Will Never Heal" Available For Viewing". Theprp.com. November 30, 2009.
  53. ^ Mabe, James. "Interview: Aeron Alfrey's the Land of the Moth – Beautiful Bizarre Magazine".
  54. ^ "Intruders (Short 2014) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
  55. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  56. ^ "Gerard Way Interview with IGN.com". Mychemicalfreak.com. July 14, 2008. Archived from the original on July 29, 2008.
  57. ^ - By Frank Meyer (January 30, 2009). "Fresh Ink Online With Gerard Way". G4tv.com.
  58. ^ Van, Jennifer (March 22, 2007). "TV on the Radio revels in the moment | Vancouver, Canada". Straight.com.
  59. ^ "'Snow White': O.C. artist lashes together Disney forests, dark folklore | Hero Complex – movies, comics, pop culture – Los Angeles Times". Herocomplex.latimes.com. March 12, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  60. ^ Dozakhi, Hassan (March 4, 2014). "Integrity Interview".
  61. ^ "Frances Bean Cobain: No Apologies - Page". Interview Magazine. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  62. ^ "Into the Mystic: Esao Andrews and Thinkspace Bring "Petrichor" to Mesa Arizona". Juxtapoz Magazine.
  63. ^ "Juxtapoz 15th Anniversary Art Auction » Aaron Horkey". Juxtapoz Magazine. September 17, 2009. Archived from the original on September 17, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
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