Alexander Dallas Bache

Alexander Dallas Bache
6th Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey
In office 1843–1867
President	James K. Polk Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson
Preceded by	Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler
Succeeded by	Benjamin Peirce
1st President of the National Academy of Sciences
In office 1863–1867
Succeeded by	Joseph Henry
Personal details
Born	(1806-07-19)July 19, 1806 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Died	February 17, 1867(1867-02-17) (aged 60) Newport, Rhode Island, United States
Resting place	Congressional Cemetery
Nationality	American
Spouse(s)	Nancy Clark Fowler
Children	1
Alma mater	US Military Academy
Known for	coastal mapping project
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Pennsylvania

Alexander Dallas Bache (July 19, 1806 – February 17, 1867) was an American physicist, scientist, and surveyor who erected coastal fortifications and conducted a detailed survey to map the mideastern United States coastline. Originally an army engineer, he later became Superintendent of the U.S. Coast Survey, and built it into the foremost scientific institution in the country before the Civil War.

Early life and family[]

Alexander Bache was born in Philadelphia,^[1] the son of Richard Bache, Jr., and Sophia Burrell Dallas Bache. He came from a prominent family as he was the nephew of Vice-President George M. Dallas and naval hero Alexander J. Dallas. He was the grandson of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Dallas and was the great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin.^[2]

United States Army[]

After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1825, as first in his class, he was an assistant professor of engineering there for some time.^[3] As a second lieutenant in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, he was engaged in the construction of Fort Adams in Newport, Rhode Island.^[3] Bache resigned from the Army on June 1, 1829.

Career[]

Bache was a professor of natural philosophy and chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania from 1828 to 1841 and again from 1842 to 1843.^[3] He spent 1836–1838 in Europe on behalf of the trustees of what became Girard College; he was named president of the college after his return. Abroad, he examined European education systems, and on his return he published a valuable report.^[1] From 1839 to 1842, he served as the first president of Central High School of Philadelphia, one of the oldest public high schools in the United States.^[3]

In 1843, on the death of Professor Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, Bache was appointed superintendent of the United States Coast Survey.^[1] He convinced the United States Congress of the value of this work and, by means of the liberal aid it granted, he completed the mapping of the whole coast by a skillful division of labor and the erection of numerous observing stations.^[1] In addition, magnetic and meteorological data were collected.^[1] Bache served as head of the Coast Survey for 24 years (until his death).

Awards and honors[]

• Elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1829.^[4]
• Elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1845.^[5]
• Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on March 15, 1858,^[6]
• Elected Foreign Member of the Royal Society on May 24, 1860.

After the Civil War, Bache was elected a 3rd Class Companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) in consideration of his contributions to the war effort.

Personal life[]

He married Nancy Clark Fowler on September 30, 1838, at Newport, Rhode Island. She was born in Newport and died on January 13, 1870, in Philadelphia. She assisted in the publication of much of his work. They adopted one son, Henry Wood Bache (1839–November 7, 1878, at Bristol on Long Island, New York).^[7]

Death[]

He died at Newport, Rhode Island, on February 17, 1867, from "softening of the brain".^[1] He was buried in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C., under a monument designed by architect Henry Hobson Richardson.

Legacy[]

Two survey ships were named for him, the A. D. Bache of 1871 and its successor in 1901.

The cydippid ctenophore Pleurobrachia bachei A. Agassiz, 1860 was named for him; it was discovered in 1859 by Alexander Agassiz who was working as an engineer on a ship surveying the United States/Canada boundary between Washington State and British Columbia.^[8]

Loma Prieta peak in the Santa Cruz mountains once bore his name - Mount Bache. The name is no longer in use. ^[9]

A K-8 public elementary school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Bache-Martin School) has its 5th-8th grade building named after him.^[10]

See also[]

• Alexander Dallas Bache Monument – Bache's tomb in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C..
• Alexander Dallas Bache School, Philadelphia
• Alexander Bache U.S. Coast Survey Line
• Richard Bache – Bache's paternal grandfather; son-in-law of Benjamin Franklin
• Richard Bache, Jr. – Bache's father
• Sarah Franklin Bache – Bache's paternal grandmother; daughter of Benjamin Franklin

Notes[]

References[]

• "Alexander Dallas Bache (1806–1867)", Chambers's Encyclopædia, Vol. II, London: George Newnes, 1961, p. 35 |volume= has extra text (help)
• Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Alexander Dallas Bache" , Encyclopædia Britannica, 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 196
• Jansen, Axel (2011), Alexander Dallas Bache: Building the American Nation through Science and Education in the Nineteenth Century Book, New York / Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, p. 352, ISBN 978-3-593-39355-1
• Slotten, Hugh Richard (1994), Patronage, Practice and the Culture of American Science: Alexander Dallas Bache and the U. S. Coast Survey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-43395-9
• J.C. (1868), "Obituary: Alexander Dallas Bache", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 28 (1): 72–75, retrieved March 5, 2008
• Reingold, Nathan (1970), "Alexander Dallas Bache", Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 1, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 363–365, ISBN 0-684-10114-9
• Heyl, PR (1941), "The One Hundredth Anniversary Of The Establishment Of The Alexander Dallas Bache Magnetic Observatory", Science (published March 21, 1941), 93 (2412): 272–273, Bibcode:1941Sci....93..272H, doi:10.1126/science.93.2412.272, PMID 17834787
• Odgers, Merle M. (1947), Alexander Dallas Bache: Scientist and Educator, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
• Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1868), An Address in Commemoration of Alexander Dallas Bache: Delivered August 6, 1868, Before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Salem, Mass.: Essex Institute Press, ISBN 9780608421643

Attribution:

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Bache, Alexander Dallas", Encyclopædia Britannica, 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 131–132

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alexander Dallas Bache.

• Finding Aid to Alexander Dallas Bache Papers, 1821–1869
• National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
• The Bache Years (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Central Library)
• Alexander Dallas Bache: Leader of American Science and Second Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

Government offices
Preceded by Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler	Superintendent, United States Coast Survey 1843–1867	Succeeded by Benjamin Peirce
Professional and academic associations
New office	President of the National Academy of Sciences 1863 – 1867	Succeeded by Joseph Henry