Alexei Kudrin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Alexei Kudrin
Алексей Леонидович Кудрин
14-03-2020 Alexei Kudrin.png
4th Chairman of the Accounts Chamber
Assumed office
22 May 2018
Preceded byTatyana Golikova
Minister of Finance
In office
18 May 2000 – 26 September 2011
Prime MinisterMikhail Kasyanov
Viktor Khristenko (Acting)
Mikhail Fradkov
Viktor Zubkov
Vladimir Putin
Preceded byMikhail Kasyanov
Succeeded byAnton Siluanov
Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
In office
18 May 2000 — 9 March 2004
24 September 2007 – 26 September 2011
Personal details
Born (1960-10-12) 12 October 1960 (age 60)
Dobele, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union (now Latvia)
Political partyIndependent
Other political
affiliations		Civil Initiatives Committee (2012-)
Alma materLeningrad State University
Russian Academy of Sciences
Signature

Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin (Russian: Алексе́й Леони́дович Ку́дрин, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej lʲɪɐˈnʲidəvʲɪtɕ ˈkudrʲɪn]; born 12 October 1960) is a Russian liberal[1] politician and economist serving as the 4th and current Chairman of the Accounts Chamber since 2018. Previously he served in the government of Russia as Minister of Finance from 18 May 2000 to 26 September 2011. After graduating with degrees in finance and economics, Kudrin worked in the administration of Saint Petersburg's liberal Mayor Anatoly Sobchak. In 1996, he started working in the Presidential Administration of Boris Yeltsin. He was appointed as Finance Minister on 28 May 2000 and held the post for 11 years, making him the longest-serving Finance Minister in post-Soviet Russia. In addition, he was Deputy Prime Minister from 2000 to 2004 and again beginning in 2007. As Finance Minister, Kudrin was widely credited with prudent fiscal management, commitment to tax and budget reform and championing the free market.

Under Kudrin, Russia's government paid most of the substantial foreign debt it had accumulated in the 1990s,[2] leaving the country with one of the lowest foreign debts among major economies.[3] Much of the revenue from exports was accumulated at the Stabilization Fund which helped Russia to come out of the 2008–2009 global financial crisis in a much better state than many experts expected.[4] During his career, Kudrin has won several awards, including the "Finance Minister of the Year 2010" prize from Euromoney magazine. He was asked to resign from his position on 26 September 2011 by President Dmitry Medvedev.[5][6][7]

Currently, he is the dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences in St. Petersburg State University.[8] As of 2016, he is co-chairman of the board of trustees of the Mariinsky Theatre,[25] and the chairman of the board of trustees of the foundation of the European University at St. Petersburg.[26]

Biography[]

Early life and education[]

Alexei Kudrin was born on 12 October 1960 in Dobele, Latvian SSR to Russian father and Latvian mother.[9] His first job was a motor mechanic and training assistant at the engine laboratory of the Academy of Procurement and Transportation of the Defense Ministry of the Soviet Union, before entering Leningrad State University to study economy. He graduated in 1983, and got an internship at the . In December 1985, he entered the internal postgraduate school at the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, where he later received his PhD.[9] He then worked as a researcher at the Institute of Social and Economic Problems of the Academy of Sciences.[10] Kudrin has authored over 15 scientific works in the fields economics and finance,[9] including topics such as competition and anti-monopoly policy in the Soviet economy of the transition period.[10]

Saint Petersburg administration[]

From 1990 to 1996, Kudrin worked in the Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg City Administration under the liberal mayor and reformer Anatoly Sobchak. His first position was vice chairman of the . Until 1993, he worked in various financial positions in the city administration, before he was promoted to deputy mayor, in which position he served from 1993 to 1996.[9] Future president Vladimir Putin was the other top deputy mayor of Saint Petersburg at the time.[11] Kudrin was also chairman of the City Administration's Economic and Finance Committee.[9]

Presidential administration[]

In August 1996, Kudrin was appointed deputy chief of Boris Yeltsin's presidential administration, as well as chief of the Administration on Trade, Economic and Scientific-Technological Cooperation. In March 1997, he became first deputy finance minister, and on 28 May 2000, he was appointed finance minister by the new president Vladimir Putin.[9][12] In addition to his role as finance minister, Kudrin served as one of the deputy prime ministers of Russia from 2000 to 2004 and again beginning in September 2007.[9]

Finance minister[]

Dmitry Kozak, Alexei Kudrin and Mikhail Kasyanov in 2003

Kudrin served as finance minister from May 2000 to September 2011.[13] Kudrin belongs to the group of so-called "St Petersburg economists"—liberal reformers who worked with Putin during his time in the St Petersburg administration—one of the three main informal groups during Putin's presidency.[14] John P. Willerton regards Kudrin and German Gref as the leading intellectual forces in crafting of the economic policies of the Putin and Medvedev presidencies.[15] According to Simon Pirani, Kudrin balanced the influence of the siloviki in the government with a financial sobriety.[16]

Prudent fiscal management[]

Kudrin meeting with President Dmitry Medvedev on 27 May 2008

During Putin's presidency, Russia's macroeconomic policies were highly prudent, and extra income from oil exports was put in stabilization funds.[17] The Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation is widely regarded as Kudrin's idea. Alexander Osin, chief economist at Finam Management, regards the Stabilization Fund as one of Kudrin's main achievements.[18] However, other analysts have described The Stabilization Fund as "dead money", which doesn't benefit the real economy.[18] The Stabilization Fund was split into the and in February 2008.[19]

In 2005, Kudrin and Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov clashed over a proposal to cut VAT tax from 18% to 13%. Fradkov supported the proposal, but Kudrin argued that lower VAT could endanger stability of the ruble and would cause the government to withdraw money from the stabilization fund.[20] The same year, Kudrin received the "Finance Minister of the Year 2005" award by the .[citation needed]

On 21 August 2006, Russia paid its debts, totalling $23.7 billion to the Paris Club. Simon Pirani, writing for Emerging Markets, praised Kudrin's refusal to be "blown off course by other ministers' whims" in his quest to repay the debt. He also credited Kudrin with sound conduct of the ruble exchange rate and capable fiscal management that has arguably helped to prevent the most serious problems of the so-called Dutch disease.[16] In 2006, Kudrin received the award "Best Finance Minister of a Developing European Country" by the Emerging Markets newspaper, published by the IMF and the World Bank.[18]

As the father and supporter of the prudent fiscal management policies, Kudrin had to endure strong criticism from other members of the government, who believed the money should instead be invested in the country's development. In the end, Kudrin's stance prevailed. The savings later proved crucial in helping Russia to come out of the financial crisis in a much better state than many experts had expected,[4] and Kudrin was widely credited for his policies.[17]

Other policy stances[]

Although he has often spoken in favour of privatisation and lessening the state role in economy, Kudrin also supported the creation of the so-called national champions.[16] Kudrin has said that the state's role in the oil industry should not be increased, and has indicated that the purchase of Sibneft by Gazprom and the merger of some former Yukos assets to state-controlled oil company Rosneft were taken at a particular stage of the restructuring of the sector. According to Kudrin, "no-one regards state ownership of such assets as an end in itself" and "we are not going to see a continuous strengthening of the state’s position."[21]

As Finance Minister, Kudrin has also supported increasing the retirement age and cutting down on bureaucracy. For his policies, he has often been the target of criticism, especially from the United Russia party, which he has refused to join.[18] According to Renaissance Capital, Kudrin's poll ratings are not favourable as he is seen as responsible for some highly criticized welfare reforms, although economic experts say that the reforms proved to be highly effective.[22]

After the economic crisis[]

In the aftermath of the late 2000s global economic crisis, Russia's state budget went into deficit for the first time in years. Kudrin has said that the projected budget deficit is to total 3.6% in 2011, 3.1% in 2012 and 2.9% in 2013. The deficit will be covered primarily through expanded market borrowing.[23] Russia conducted its first international debt sale since 1998 in April 2010, raising $5.5bn on the international markets.[24] According to Kudrin, the government's aim is to attain a deficit-free budget by 2015, based on projected $75–78 oil prices per barrel.[23] Kudrin has said that the Reserve Fund, accumulated before the crisis, will run out in 2011. Consequently, Kudrin warned that Russia will soon have to adjust to being a country, just "like everyone else" and called for a more effective use of state funds.[24]

Finance Minister of the Year 2010[]

In October 2010, Kudrin was declared "Finance Minister of the Year 2010" by the Euromoney magazine. The magazine said that "Kudrin is rightly hailed as a fiscal manager of the highest order" and praised his "championing of the free market and fiscal prudence". According to Euromoney, the Stabilization Fund created and supported by Kudrin also "enabled Russia to pay off its foreign debt early", and noted that "Kudrin is rightly praised for his commitment to tax and budget reform, Russia’s desire to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) and continuing the progress in privatization."[18]

In the award ceremony, Kudrin said: "Russia has already learnt this lesson; it was able to prepare and pass through this period. In this context, this is a result. And when you see your result, you feel satisfied. And when the result is praised by the professional community, it is especially important."[18]

Back to Academia[]

Since his resignation in September 2011, Kudrin is the dean of Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences at St. Petersburg University. As of 2016, he is co-chairman of the board of trustees of the Mariinsky Theatre,[25] and the chairman of the foundation of the Board of Trustees of the European University at St. Petersburg.[26]

Political activities[]

Kurdrin is the head of the Civil Initiatives Committee, a Non Governmental Organization which promotes Human Right and development of Civil society in Russia. At the opening of the All-Russian Civil Forum, organized by his Committee, Kudrin said the Law on non-governmental organizations - "foreign agents" should be abolished or completely reworded.[27]

2014 sanctions[]

Kudrin said in November 2014 that "Formal and informal sanctions have already seriously impacted the Russian economy. Bringing back the previous opportunities when it comes to foreign investment and trust in the rouble can be achieved only within seven to 10 years of growth of our economy."[28]

Previous speculation on future roles[]

During his 2012 presidential campaign, businessman Mikhail Prokhorov said he would appoint Kudrin as Prime Minister, but, Prokhorov lost the election.[29]

2018 presidential campaign speculation[]

On 18 June 2015, Kudrin proposed to hold snap presidential elections. He justified this need for global reform and cited the example of the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, who did just that. State Duma deputy from the party A Just Russia Mikhail Emelyanov considered this statement Kudrin's entry into the presidential race. The next day, Kudrin said that he is not going to run for the presidency. However, many experts continued to believe that Kudrin wants to return to the Federal Government, and even take the place of the Prime Minister.[30]

Chairman of the Accounts Chamber[]

Kudrin at his confirmation hearing in the State Duma on 22 May 2018
Kudrin during the inauguration of the President of the INTOSAI

After the 2018 Russian presidential election during the formation of the new government, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev nominated Chairwoman of the Accounts Chamber Tatyana Golikova as Deputy Prime Minister.[31] On 10 May, the United Russia party proposed to nominate Kudrin to post of Chairman of the Accounts Chamber, instead of Golikova.[32] This was the most anticipated nomination, as pundits observed that Kudrin's role in the new government would set the degree of reformative policies under Putin's fourth term. The low-importance of the position led some observers to speculate that this development signals that the new government has no sizable plans for economic reforms. On 11 May, the party leader Dmitry Medvedev agreed on the candidacy of Kudrin with the parliamentary faction.[33] On 14 May, at a meeting with the Presidium of the faction, Kudrin officially agreed to nominate his candidacy.[34] According to Russian legislation, the State Duma nominates at least three candidates for the post of Chairman of the Accounts Chamber, one of whom the President submits to the State Duma for approval.[35] In addition to Kudrin, Anatoly Aksakov from A Just Russia, from the Communist Party and Maxim Rokhmistrov from the Liberal Democratic Party also was nominated for this post.[36] On 21 May, Vladimir Putin nominated Kudrin for the Chairman.[37] On 22 May, State Duma approved Kudrin in office, with 264 votes in favor.[38] On the same day, the speaker of the State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin introduced Kudrin to the members of the Accounts Chamber.[39]

On 25 September 2019, Russia took over the presidency of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions, and Kudrin took over as President of the organization.[40]

Personal life[]

Kudrin has been married twice, having a son from his current marriage and a daughter from his previous marriage. His hobbies include tennis, swimming and music.[9][12]

References[]

  1. ^ "Russia's Putin says values liberal economist Kudrin in expert council". Reuters. 14 April 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Russia's foreign debt down 31.3% in Q3—finance ministry". RIA Novosti. Archived from the original on 21 January 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  3. ^ Debt – external, CIA World Factbook. Accessed on 22 May 2010.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Kudrin and Fischer honoured by Euromoney and IMF/World Bank meetings in Washington". Euromoney. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
  5. ^ Miriam Elder (26 September 2011). "Alexei Kudrin leaves Russian government after Medvedev row". The Guardian.
  6. ^ Alexei Anishchuk (26 September 2011). "Russian Finance Minister Kudrin ousted in power struggle". Reuters.
  7. ^ Michael Schwirtz (26 September 2011). "Russian President Fires Finance Minister for Insubordination". The New York Times.
  8. ^ 2012 St. Petersburg Forum Archived 27 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin". Ministry of Finance. Archived from the original on 14 February 2010.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b "Alexei Kudrin". Government.ru. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010.
  11. ^ Borisova, Yevgenia (21 November 2000). "Kudrin Besieged, Ivanov On Rise". The Moscow Times.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b "KUDRIN, Alexei Leonidovich". Russia Profile. Archived from the original on 2 November 2005.
  13. ^ "Kudrin resigns as finance minister". The Moscow Times. 26 September 2011. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  14. ^ Willerton, John (2005). "Putin and the Hegemonic Presidency". In White; Gitelman; Sakwa (eds.). Developments in Russian Politics. 6. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3522-0.
  15. ^ Willerton, John (2010). "Semi-presidentialism and the evolving executive". In White, Stephen (ed.). Developments in Russian Politics. 7. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780230224490.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c Pirani, Simon (19 September 2006). "Finance Minister of the year, Europe". EmergingMarket.[permanent dead link]
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b Hanson, Philip (2010). "Managing the Economy". In White, Stephen (ed.). Developments in Russian Politics 7. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-22449-0.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kononova, Svetlana (18 October 2010). "Cracking the Piggy Bank". Russia Profile. Archived from the original on 3 November 2010.
  19. ^ "Russia's Duma approves Stabilization Fund transformation". RIA Novosti. 11 April 2007.
  20. ^ "Kudrin Prevails Over Fradkov in VAT Spat". The Moscow Times. 14 March 2005.
  21. ^ Pirani, Simon (20 July 2006). "Kudrin battles hard for reform". Emerging Markets.
  22. ^ "Alexei Kudrin". Renaissance Capital. Archived from the original on 1 November 2006.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b "Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Alexei Kudrin addresses State Duma in connection with submitting the federal budget for 2011 and the 2012-2013 planning period". Government. 20 October 2010. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b Rozhnov, Konstantin (10 May 2010). "Russia looks beyond its oil reserves". BBC News.
  25. ^ "Our Partners, Valery Gergiev Charitable Foundation". Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  26. ^ "EUSP Fund About Us". European University at St. Petersburg. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  27. ^ "Law on NGO - foreign agents should not exist - Alexei Kudrin". ITAR Tass. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  28. ^ "Former Russian Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin Warns Putin Over 'Populist' Policies". International Business Times. 21 November 2014.
  29. ^ "Prokhorov Says He's No 'Kremlin Stooge,' Lays Out Campaign Platform". www.rferl. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  30. ^ "Алексей Кудрин не идет в президенты". Kommersant (in Russian). 19 June 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  31. ^ "Медведев предложил кандидатов в новый состав правительства". РИА Новости (in Russian). Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  32. ^ "Кудрину предложили важный пост". Взгляд (in Russian). Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  33. ^ "Кандидатуру Алексея Кудрина на должность главы Счетной палаты согласовали в партии "Единая Россия"". Первый Канал (in Russian). Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  34. ^ "Кудрин согласился возглавить Счетную палату". Первый Канал (in Russian). Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  35. ^ "Федеральный закон от 05.04.2013 "О Счетной палате Российской Федерации" Статья 7. Председатель Счетной палаты". КонсультантПлюс (in Russian). Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  36. ^ "Кремль получил предложения по кандидатам на пост главы Счетной палаты". Коммерсант (in Russian). Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  37. ^ "Путин внес в Госдуму кандидатуру Кудрина для назначения главой Счетной палаты". Интерфакс (in Russian). Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  38. ^ "Алексей Кудрин утвержден в должности председателя Счетной палаты". rg.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  39. ^ "Володин представил Кудрина коллективу Счетной палаты". ТАСС (in Russian). Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  40. ^ Кудрин 25 сентября станет президентом ИНТОСАИ на три года

External links[]

Political offices
Preceded by
Mikhail Kasyanov 		Minister of Finance
2000–2011 		Succeeded by
Anton Siluanov
Government offices
Preceded by
Tatyana Golikova 		Chairman of the Accounts Chamber
2018–present 		Succeeded by
Incumbent
Retrieved from ""