Amazonian umbrellabird

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Amazonian umbrellabird
Amazonian Umbrellabird fem - Manu NP 8291 (16834437801).jpg
Female

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Cotingidae
Genus: Cephalopterus
Species:
C. ornatus
Binomial name
Cephalopterus ornatus
Cephalopterus ornatus map.svg

The Amazonian umbrellabird (Cephalopterus ornatus) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae native to the Amazon basin with a separate population on the eastern slopes of the Andes. The male bird is entirely black, with a black crest and inflatable wattle on the throat, and at 48 to 55 cm (19 to 22 in), may be the largest passerine bird in South America. The female is slightly smaller. Both have an undulating flight, described as woodpecker-like, and the male has a loud, booming call.

Podocarpus Reserve - Ecuador

The Amazonian umbrellabird feeds on fruit and berries, and may opportunistically take insects and spiders. It forages singly, in pairs or in small groups, in the forest canopy, hopping from branch to branch, but is a secretive species and is more often heard than seen.

Description[]

Much larger than the female, the male Amazonian umbrellabird is likely the largest passerine in South America as well as the largest suboscine passerine in the world. The male Amazonian umbrellabird grows to a weight of 480–571 grams (1.06–1.26 lb) and a length of 48–55 centimetres (18.9–21.7 in). The female typically stands 41–44 centimetres (16.1–17.3 in) tall and weighs up to 380 grams (0.84 lb).[2][3] As in the other umbrellabirds, the Amazonian umbrellabird is almost entirely black, has a conspicuous crest on the top of their head, and an inflatable wattle on the neck, which serves to amplify their loud, booming calls.[4] This species has pale eyes, whereas in other umbrellabirds, the eye is black. The undulating flying method of this species is considered quite woodpecker-like, with the lack of white on the umbrellabird's plumage distinguishing it from large woodpeckers with which it co-exists. The Amazonian umbrellabird is usually seen flying only across openings in the forest, such as over rivers, and usually boldly hops branch to branch while in trees.

Distribution[]

This species occurs in two main populations: One found in woodland and forest, mainly near rivers, in the Amazon basin, and a second found in forested foothills of the eastern Andes. The Amazonian umbrellabird is found variously in small groups, pairs or individually. They are usually seen in or near the canopy, but due to their wary behavior and scarcity at open spots, they are easily missed for a bird of this size. They are heard in the field more often than they are seen. Fruit and berries are usually preferred, but insects, spiders, and insect larvae are eaten opportunistically.[5]

References[]

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Cephalopterus ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22700940A93805915. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22700940A93805915.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ The Birds of Ecuador, Vol. 2: Field Guide, Robert S. Ridgely & Paul J. Greenfield, Cornell University Press (2001). ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7
  3. ^ Birds of Venezuela, Steven L. Hilty, Princeton University Press (2003). ISBN 978-0-691-09250-8
  4. ^ Mikula, P.; Valcu, M.; Brumm, H.; Bulla, M.; Forstmeier, W.; Petrusková, T.; Kempenaers, B. & Albrecht, T. (2021). "A global analysis of song frequency in passerines provides no support for the acoustic adaptation hypothesis but suggests a role for sexual selection". Ecology Letters. 24 (3): 477–486. doi:10.1111/ele.13662. PMID 33314573. S2CID 229176172.
  5. ^ "Cotingas: Cotingidae - Amazonian Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus Ornatus): Species Accounts".
  • A Guide to the Birds of Colombia, Steven L. Hilty & William L. Brown, Princeton University Press (1986). ISBN 0-691-08372-X.

Further reading[]

  • Snow, D.W. (1982). The Cotingas: Bellbirds, Umbrella birds and their allies. British Museum Press. ISBN 0-19-858511-X
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