Amy Gladfelter

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Amy S. Gladfelter
Amy Gladfelter headshot 2018.jpg
Born (1974-04-27) April 27, 1974 (age 47)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma mater
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsCell biology, Biophysics, Molecular Biology
Institutions
Websitegladfelterlab.web.unc.edu

Amy S. Gladfelter (born April 27, 1974) is an American quantitative cell biologist who is interested in understanding fundamental mechanisms of cell organization. She is a Professor of Biology and the Associate Chair for Diversity Initiatives at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she investigates cell cycle control and the septin cytoskeleton.[4] She is also affiliated with the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and a fellow of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA.

She studies spatial organization of multiucleate cells and her lab at UNC Chapel Hill is broadly interested in understanding why syncytia arise in so many contexts in the tree of life.[5][6][7][8] Additionally, she studies the assembly of the septin cytoskeleton and how aberrant septin structure affects their function.[9][10][11][12][13][14]

In her research program, she uses microscopy, biophysical and genetic approaches to study syncytial cells.  Syncytia are cells with many nuclei sharing a common cytoplasm.  Syncytial cells are found throughout the human body including bone, blood, muscle, and placenta cells and throughout the natural world including fungi, algae, and many animals during development. Many tumors become syncytial and viruses, including SARS CoV-2 induce cells to fuse. 

Education[]

Amy Gladfelter trained at Princeton University (AB) with Bonnie Bassler, Duke University (Ph.D.) with Daniel Lew and UniBasel Biozentrum (post-doc) with Peter Philippsen before starting her independent career at Dartmouth in the Biological Sciences department in 2006, where she was until 2016.

Cell biology research[]

The two main research focuses of the Gladfelter lab are how the cytoplasm is spatially organized and how cells sense their own geometry. Her team uses a variety of model systems to study syncytia, including Ashbya gossypii, Neurospora crassa, myotubes and the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta to study the architecture of the cytoplasm. Gladfelter is also seeking out new fungal systems derived from the marine environment that are extremophiles and show cell morphological characteristics that not found in more conventional model systems.[15]

Gladfelter made the discovery that in the multinucleate fungus Ashbya gossypii, despite nuclei sharing the same cytoplasm, they progress through the cell cycle independently of each other.[16] This has led to further work uncovering how liquid-liquid phase separation of RNAs and proteins can allow syncytial nuclei to be autonomous and allow cell polarity to be established. Recently, the lab has begun examining phase separation in the context of SARS CoV-2 infection and is focused on understanding mechanisms of viral packaging.

Another area Gladfelter's lab explores is how cells sense their shape.[5] Gladfelter and her lab have extensively studied the role of conserved family of proteins called septins, which localize to areas of the cell that change shape or are highly curved, in curvature sensing.[17][18][19]

Awards and honors[]

Selected works[]

On cytoplasmic organization:

  • AS Gladfelter, Hungerbuehler AK and Philippsen  P.  Asynchronous mitoses in multinucleated cells. J Cell Biol. (2006) 172:347-62.
  • C Lee, Zhang H,  Baker A, Occhipinti P, Borsuk ME and Gladfelter AS.  Protein aggregation behavior regulates cyclin transcript localization and cell-cycle control. Dev Cell (2013) 6:572-84.
  • Zhang H, Elbaum-Garfinkle S, Langdon E, Taylor N, Occhipinti P, Bridges A, Brangwynne CP, and Gladfelter AS. RNA controls PolyQ protein phase transitions. Molecular Cell (2015) 60(2):220-30.
  • Langdon EM, Qiu Y, Ghanbari Niaki A, McLaughlin GA, Weidmann CA, Gerbich TM, Smith JA, Crutchley JM, Termini CM, Weeks KM, Myong S, Gladfelter AS. mRNA structure determines specificity of a polyQ-driven phase separation. Science. (2018) 360(6391):922-927.
  • McLaughlin GA, Langdon EM, Crutchley JM, Holt LJ, Forest MG, Newby JM, Gladfelter AS. Spatial heterogeneity of the cytosol revealed by machine learning-based 3D particle tracking. Mol Biol Cell. (2020) 31(14):1498-1511.
  • Iserman C, Roden C, Boerneke M, Sealfon R, McLaughlin G, Jungreis I, Park C, Boppana A, Fritch E, Hou YJ, Theesfeld C, Troyanskaya OG, Baric RS, Sheahan TP, Weeks K, Gladfelter AS.  Specific viral RNA drives the SARS CoV-2 nucleocapsid to phase separate.  Mol Cell. (2020) 80(6):1078-1091.e6. doi: 10.1016

On cell shape and septin assembly:

  • BS DeMay, Bai X,  Howard L, Occhipinti P, Meseroll RA, Spiliotis ET, Oldenbourg R, and Gladfelter AS.  Septin filaments exhibit a dynamic, paired organization that is conserved from yeast to mammals. J Cell Biol (2011) 193:1065-81.
  • Bridges AA, Jentzsch MS, Oakes PW, Occhipinti P, Gladfelter AS.  Micron-scale plasma membrane curvature is recognized by the septin cytoskeleton. J Cell Biol. (2016) 213(1):23-32.
  • AA Bridges,  Zhang H,  Mehta S,  Occhipinti P, Tani T, and Gladfelter AS. Septin assemblies form by diffusion-driven annealing on membranes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (2014) 111:2146-51
  • KS Cannon, Woods BL, Crutchley JM, and Gladfelter AS. An amphipathic helix enables septins to sense micron-scale membrane curvature.  The Journal of Cell Biology. (2019) 218(4):1128-1137.
  • Mitchison-Field LMY,  Vargas-Muñiz JM,  Stormo BM,  Vogt EJD,  Van Dierdonck S,  Ehrlich C, Daniel Lew,  Field C,  Gladfelter AS. Unconventional cell division cycles from marine-derived yeasts. Current Biology. (2019).
  • Jiao F, Cannon KS, Lin YC, Gladfelter AS, Scheuring S. The hierarchical assembly of septins revealed by high-speed AFM. Nature Communications (2020) 11:5062.

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "The 2016 Faculty Scholars". Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Faculty Mentoring Award". Dartmouth. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Chapman, Keith (July 20, 2012). "Ten Professors Honored with Faculty Awards". Dartmouth. Dartmouth News. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  4. ^ "The Gladfelter Lab". The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "Research Questions". The Gladfelter Lab. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  6. ^ Lee, Changhwan; Zhang, Huaiying; Baker, Amy E.; Occhipinti, Patricia; Borsuk, Mark E.; Gladfelter, Amy S. (June 24, 2013). "Protein aggregation behavior regulates cyclin transcript localization and cell-cycle control". Developmental Cell. 25 (6): 572–584. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.05.007. ISSN 1878-1551. PMC 4113091. PMID 23769973.
  7. ^ Zhang, Huaiying; Elbaum-Garfinkle, Shana; Langdon, Erin M.; Taylor, Nicole; Occhipinti, Patricia; Bridges, Andrew A.; Brangwynne, Clifford P.; Gladfelter, Amy S. (October 15, 2015). "RNA Controls PolyQ Protein Phase Transitions". Molecular Cell. 60 (2): 220–230. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.09.017. ISSN 1097-4164. PMC 5221516. PMID 26474065.
  8. ^ Langdon, Erin M.; Qiu, Yupeng; Ghanbari Niaki, Amirhossein; McLaughlin, Grace A.; Weidmann, Chase A.; Gerbich, Therese M.; Smith, Jean A.; Crutchley, John M.; Termini, Christina M.; Weeks, Kevin M.; Myong, Sua (May 25, 2018). "mRNA structure determines specificity of a polyQ-driven phase separation". Science. 360 (6391): 922–927. Bibcode:2018Sci...360..922L. doi:10.1126/science.aar7432. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 6192030. PMID 29650703.
  9. ^ Gladfelter, Amy S.; Bose, Indrani; Zyla, Trevin R.; Bardes, Elaine S. G.; Lew, Daniel J. (January 21, 2002). "Septin ring assembly involves cycles of GTP loading and hydrolysis by Cdc42p". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (2): 315–326. doi:10.1083/jcb.200109062. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2199227. PMID 11807094.
  10. ^ DeMay, Bradley S.; Meseroll, Rebecca A.; Occhipinti, Patricia; Gladfelter, Amy S. (April 2009). "Regulation of distinct septin rings in a single cell by Elm1p and Gin4p kinases". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 20 (8): 2311–2326. doi:10.1091/mbc.e08-12-1169. ISSN 1939-4586. PMC 2669037. PMID 19225152.
  11. ^ DeMay, Bradley S.; Bai, Xiaobo; Howard, Louisa; Occhipinti, Patricia; Meseroll, Rebecca A.; Spiliotis, Elias T.; Oldenbourg, Rudolf; Gladfelter, Amy S. (June 13, 2011). "Septin filaments exhibit a dynamic, paired organization that is conserved from yeast to mammals". The Journal of Cell Biology. 193 (6): 1065–1081. doi:10.1083/jcb.201012143. ISSN 1540-8140. PMC 3115802. PMID 21670216.
  12. ^ Meseroll, Rebecca A.; Occhipinti, Patricia; Gladfelter, Amy S. (February 2013). "Septin phosphorylation and coiled-coil domains function in cell and septin ring morphology in the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii". Eukaryotic Cell. 12 (2): 182–193. doi:10.1128/EC.00251-12. ISSN 1535-9786. PMC 3571309. PMID 23204191.
  13. ^ Bridges, Andrew A.; Zhang, Huaiying; Mehta, Shalin B.; Occhipinti, Patricia; Tani, Tomomi; Gladfelter, Amy S. (February 11, 2014). "Septin assemblies form by diffusion-driven annealing on membranes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (6): 2146–2151. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.2146B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1314138111. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3926015. PMID 24469790.
  14. ^ McQuilken, Molly; Jentzsch, Maximilian S.; Verma, Amitabh; Mehta, Shalin B.; Oldenbourg, Rudolf; Gladfelter, Amy S. (2017). "Analysis of Septin Reorganization at Cytokinesis Using Polarized Fluorescence Microscopy". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 5: 42. doi:10.3389/fcell.2017.00042. ISSN 2296-634X. PMC 5413497. PMID 28516085.
  15. ^ Gladfelter, Amy S.; James, Timothy Y.; Amend, Anthony S. (March 2019). "Marine fungi". Current Biology. 29 (6): R191–R195. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.009. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30889385.
  16. ^ Gladfelter, Amy; Hungerbuehler, Katrin; Philippsen, Peter (January 30, 2006). "Asynchronous nuclear division cycles in multinucleated cells". The Journal of Cell Biology. 172 (3): 347–362. doi:10.1083/jcb.200507003. PMC 2063645. PMID 16449188.
  17. ^ Ewers, Helge; Tada, Tomoko; Petersen, Jennifer D.; Racz, Bence; Sheng, Morgan; Choquet, Daniel (2014). "A Septin-Dependent Diffusion Barrier at Dendritic Spine Necks". PLOS ONE. 9 (12): e113916. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k3916E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113916. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4262254. PMID 25494357.
  18. ^ Hu, Qicong; Milenkovic, Ljiljana; Jin, Hua; Scott, Matthew P.; Nachury, Maxence V.; Spiliotis, Elias T.; Nelson, W. James (July 23, 2010). "A septin diffusion barrier at the base of the primary cilium maintains ciliary membrane protein distribution". Science. 329 (5990): 436–439. Bibcode:2010Sci...329..436H. doi:10.1126/science.1191054. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 3092790. PMID 20558667.
  19. ^ Takizawa, P. A.; DeRisi, J. L.; Wilhelm, J. E.; Vale, R. D. (October 13, 2000). "Plasma membrane compartmentalization in yeast by messenger RNA transport and a septin diffusion barrier". Science. 290 (5490): 341–344. Bibcode:2000Sci...290..341T. doi:10.1126/science.290.5490.341. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11030653.
  20. ^ "NSF Award Search: Award#0301028 - Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Microbial Biology for FY 2003". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  21. ^ "2010 MBL Research Awards". Marine Biological Laboratory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  22. ^ "2011 MBL Research Awards". Marine Biological Laboratory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  23. ^ "2012 MBL Research Awards". Marine Biological Laboratory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  24. ^ "Amy Gladfelter". Marine Biology Laboratory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
Retrieved from ""